长蛇灸联合穴位埋线治疗单纯性肥胖疗效观察

目的观察长蛇灸联合穴位埋线治疗单纯性肥胖的临床疗效。方法于2017年3月—2019年3月按照随机数字表法在我院选取确诊为单纯性肥胖症患者80例,分为对照组40例和治疗组40例。对照组采用穴位埋线疗法,治疗组在对照组基础上联合长蛇灸疗法,观察两组治疗前后腰围(WC)、臀围、腰臀比(WHR)、肥胖度、体重、体重指数(BMI)、体脂率(BFR)的改善情况以及两组临床疗效。结果治疗前两组WC、臀围、WHR、体重、肥胖度、BMI、及BFR均无显著差异,治疗后两组WC、臀围、WHR、体重、肥胖度、BMI、及BFR均降低且治疗组较对照组更低;治疗组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论长蛇灸联合穴位埋线能有效降低单纯性肥胖症患者的WHR、体重、肥胖度、BMI、及BFR,提高临床疗效。     

间歇性断食对超重肥胖者的减肥效果研究

目的 探讨间歇性断食(IF)对超重肥胖者的减肥效果,研究减肥期间体重、血糖及血脂等变化,为减肥提供新方法。方法 2020年7～12月,用随机对照试验法,将招募到的超重肥胖志愿者54人,随机分为间歇性断食组(IF组28人)和对照组(CT组26人)。干预20周后,比较两组体重、血糖和血脂等指标变化。用SPSS 17.0软件统计分析。结果IF组体重、BMI、腰臀围、血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均低于CT组;BMI分层分析结果显示,IF组超重和肥胖组干预后的体重、BMI、腰围和臀围均低于干预前,超重组干预后血糖低于干预前,肥胖组干预后HDL-C高干预前。多元线性回归分析显示,BMI与腰围、TG指标的线性关系,复相关系数R=0.64。结论 间歇性断食除了可有效降低超重肥胖者的体重和BMI外,还可降低血脂、血糖水平,提示间歇性断食是一种有效的减肥方案。     

延边地区汉族青少年肥胖分布特点

目的分析延边地区汉族青少年肥胖分布特征。方法①选取2008-2009年延边地区安图县4所高中毕业生体检资料,共调查1 658名汉族学生,且均对调查内容知情同意。②采用统一设计的肥胖流行病学调查表收集学生的人口学特征,并测量其身高、体重、腰围和臀围,体格指标均依据《2005年全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》进行测量。分别计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰围臀围比值(WHR)及腰围身高比值(WHtR)作为评价肥胖的指标。超重及肥胖依据中国肥胖问题工作组制定的"中国学龄儿童青少年BMI超重、肥胖筛查分类标准,WGOC",以BMI(kg/m2)≥24.0为超重和≥28.0为肥胖。结论①男生的身高、体重、腰围、臀围和BMI的平均值均高于女生,其差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);男生BMI的P85和P95百分位点分别为23.7及26.2,女生分别为22.7及25.0。②男女生超重检出率分别为11.2%和7.1%,肥胖检出率分别为2.3%和1.4%,超重及肥胖合计检出率分别为13.5%和8.6%,超重及合计检出率性别差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。③BMI与体重、腰围、臀围、WHR及WHtR之间具有正相关关系,偏相关系数分别为0.893、0.548、0.584、0.056及0.555(均P<0.05)。④多因素分析结果表明,本地区青少年超重及肥胖与性别、体重及WHtR密切相关,其OR值分别81.052、1.520及6.457。结果①本地区青少年BMI平均水平明显低于WGOC分类标准,其超重肥胖检出率接近大、中城市汉族。②BMI与体重、腰围、臀围、WHR、WHtR之间具有明显的正相关关系。本地区青少年超重及肥胖患病与性别(女生)、体重(高体重)、WHtR(腹型肥胖)密切相关。     

替餐营养棒对超重及肥胖患者的干预效果评价

目的探索在超重及肥胖人群中应用替餐营养棒对体重相关指标的干预效果,为预防控制超重肥胖提供科学依据。方法选择2014年10月至2015年6月在新疆6家医疗卫生机构就诊且符合入选标准的698例超重或肥胖患者为研究对象,均食用替餐营养棒,进行为期8周的干预,测定干预前后患者腰围、臀围、内脏脂肪、健康评分、基础代谢情况,计算腰臀比和体质指数(BMI)。用SPSS 21.0软件对计量资料进行配对t检验,对计数资料进行χ~2检验。结果与干预前比较,干预后超重、肥胖患者体重、腰围、内脏脂肪、基础代谢和BMI均下降,健康评分上升,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);干预前后调查对象的臀围、腰臀比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。超重、肥胖患者干预前后体型分布差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。其中,健康体重者所占比例由干预前的0%提高至干预后的10.3%,重度肥胖者所占比例由干预前的9.3%下降至干预后的4.6%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。调查人群干预有效率为49.0%,不同性别、年龄段人群干预效果的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),而不同初始体型人群干预效果差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论超重和肥胖人群食用替餐营养棒减肥效果明显,是有效的营养治疗方式。     

基于学校环境的重庆市中小学生超重肥胖干预效果评价

目的 探讨基于学校环境的学生超重肥胖综合干预效果,为预防和控制中小学生超重肥胖提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取重庆市主城区12所中小学9 933名学生,随机分为6所干预校和6所对照校,对干预校采取学校环境政策干预、健康教育、体育活动指导结合的综合干预,干预前后进行体格检查和问卷调查。结果 干预后干预校超重率在原有基础上(12.9%)上升了0.2%,肥胖率(7.4%)未变化;对照校超重率、肥胖率分别在原有基础上(11.5%、7.7%)上升了0.5%、0.1%。干预前两组学校正常体重的学生在干预后BMI、腰围、臀围均升高(P<0.05),干预校超重肥胖的学生在干预后BMI、腰围均下降(P<0.05),对照校超重肥胖的学生在干预后臀围升高、腰围降低(P<0.05);干预校学生在干预后肥胖相关饮食问题正确率上升,不健康饮食行为报告率下降(P<0.05)。结论 基于学校环境的学生超重肥胖综合干预能控制肥胖相关指标的增长速度,改善中小学生的饮食行为。     

减肥运动处方对青春后期超重肥胖学生体成分和形体影响

探讨减肥运动处方对青春后期超重肥胖学生体成分和形体的影响,为制定合理的干预措施提供参考.方法 筛选安徽师范大学单纯性超重肥胖且无运动禁忌症的大学生26人,使用运动强度为60%~ 70%的F.C.及RPE在13~15级的运动处方进行8周的干预,对干预前后的相关指标进行测定并比较.结果 8周后超重肥胖学生的肥胖相关指标:体重、BMI、体脂肪、FAT%及肥胖指数均发生明显改变(P值均<0.01);形体相关指标:胸围、腰围、臀围、上臂围、腰围身高比、臀围身高比、腰胸比、腰臀比差异均存在统计学意义(P值均<0.01);皮下脂肪层厚度:上臂、胸部、腹部、大腿差异均存在统计学意义(P值均<0.01).结论 实施8周减肥运动处方能有效控制体重、减少脂肪、降低BMI值,并有效改善体成分和形体.     

耳穴贴压治疗2型糖尿病肥胖患者的临床观察

目的探讨耳穴贴压治疗2型糖尿病肥胖患者疗效观察。方法将51例2型糖尿病肥胖患者随机分为治疗组（耳穴贴压）26例和对照组25例,对治疗前后不同疗程的体重（kg）、体重指数（BMI）、腰围、臀围、血脂、血糖进行测定评估对照。结果治疗组治愈11例,显效8例,总有效率为95．83％：对照组治愈8例,显效6例,总有效率为87．50％。结论治疗组疗效显著高于对照组,治疗组的体重、体重指数（BMI）、腰围、臀围、血脂、血糖等比对照组下降更满意,疗效好,不易反弹。     

营养干预结合有氧运动对单纯性肥胖患者体质指数的影响

[目的]探讨低能量膳食营养干预结合有氧运动的减肥方式对单纯性肥胖症患者体重和体质指数等的影响。[方法]40例营养咨询门诊就诊的单纯性肥胖症患者,未用任何减肥药物,在减肥治疗中采取低能量膳食营养干预结合有氧运动的减肥方式,比较在减肥治疗前后,患者体重(BW)、体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC)、腰臀比(WHR)等的变化。[结果]所有患者经过3个月的减肥治疗,体重由(79.52±10.81)kg降至(68.95±9.50)kg(P﹤0.0001),体质指数由(29.72±2.11)kg/m2降至(25.77±1.84)kg/m2(P﹤0.0001),腰围由(94.82±8.14)cm降至(89.12±7.94)cm(P﹤0.0001),臀围由(92.82±6.24)cm降至(89.93±6.21)cm(P﹤0.0001),腰臀比由1.02±0.05降至0.99±0.06(P﹤0.0001),其差异具有统计学意义。[结论]单纯性肥胖症患者不使用减肥药物,通过低能量膳食营养干预结合有氧运动,即可获得明显的减肥效果。     

高血压人群体重指数、腰围/臀围比与血脂、脂肪肝的关系

[目的]了解矿工高血压人群体重指数(BMI)、腰围/臀围比(WHR)与血脂、脂肪肝的关系. [方法]采用分层整群抽样方法对2008～2009年在某院保健站确诊的966例高血压患者进行流行病学调查及实验室检查.将BMI和WHR按不同水平分级.使用SPSS13.0系统软件分析不同BMI和WHR水平与血脂异常和脂肪肝的关系. [结果]体重指教、腰围/臀围比和血脂异常率及脂肪肝的程度均呈正相关. [结论]肥胖尤其是腹型肥胖可引起TG升高,并可增加脂肪肝的发病.     

成人BMI与体脂含量和脂肪分布的关系

目的 :　调查成人超重和肥胖的发生率 ,探讨体质指数 ( BMI)与体脂含量、腰臀围之间的关系。方法 :　对 1 0 0 5名健康成年人进行人体测量 ,按 WHO对亚洲成年人的 BMI新定义分为 5组 ,对腰围、臀围、腰臀围比值和生物电阻抗法 ( BIA法 )及皮褶厚度法体脂含量的分布进行分析。结果 :　以 BMI法判断超重和肥胖的发生率 ,男性超重率和 度肥胖率明显高于女性 ,男女人群中 度肥胖发生率均较低 ;在相同 BMI组中 ,男性的平均年龄比女性低 ( P<0 .0 1 )。而 BIA法和皮褶厚度法肥胖检出率明显低于 BMI法 ,且女性体脂含量、三头肌皮褶厚度及肩胛下皮褶厚度显著高于男性。不同年龄组 BMI均与体脂含量呈显著正相关。女性超重组的腰围平均值为 80 cm,而男性 度肥胖组的腰围平均值 >90 cm。结论 :　男性超重和肥胖发生的年龄早于女性。以 BMI法判断肥胖和以 BIA法及皮褶厚度法体脂含量法判断肥胖有很大差别 ,仅以 BMI判断肥胖不够准确 ,尚需考虑年龄、性别及运动情况等影响因素。     

Effect of adiposity and fat distribution on endometrial cancer risk in Shanghai women

The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 832 endometrial cancer cases and 846 frequency-matched controls in Shanghai, China (1997-2001), to examine the association of overall adiposity and body fat distribution with disease risk. Overall adiposity was estimated using weight and body mass index (BMI); upper body fat distribution was evaluated using waist circumference and waist:hip ratio. Overall and upper-body obesity were both associated with an elevated risk of endometrial cancer. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for highest-versus-lowest quartile comparisons were 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0, 3.5) for weight, 2.9 (95% CI: 2.2, 3.9) for BMI, 4.7 (95% CI: 3.4, 6.4) for waist circumference, and 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6, 4.8) for waist:hip ratio. The positive associations with weight and BMI vanished after results were controlled for waist circumference, while associations with waist circumference and waist:hip ratio persisted after adjustment for BMI. The positive association with upper-body obesity was more pronounced among younger women, women who had never used oral contraceptives, and women with a history of diabetes mellitus (p for multiplicative interaction < 0.05). Upper-body obesity was related to increased risk among women with low BMI. These results suggest that obesity, particularly upper-body fat deposition, is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.     

Improvements of mean body mass index and body weight in preobese and overweight Japanese adults with black Chinese tea (Pu-Erh) water extract

Water-soluble black Chinese (Pu-Erh) tea extract (BTE), which contains high gallic acid content, has been demonstrated to elicit antiobese effects in animals. Because gallic acid is related with the reduction of visceral fat and cholesterol contents and improvement of obesity in animals, we investigated the effects of BTE intake on 36 preobese Japanese adults (body mass index [BMI], >25- <30 kg/m²) in a 12-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled group comparison study using powdered barley tea with or without (placebo) BTE. A follow-up 4-week period after BTE intake termination was monitored to observe the withdrawal effect. All subjects ingested barley tea with or without BTE (333 mg) before each of the 3 daily meals. In the BTE-treated group, the mean pretreament values of body weight and BMI significantly decreased after intake and after BTE withdrawal. However, the corresponding values scored significant differences only from 8 weeks after intake (vs the placebo-treated group). The mean values of the waist circumference indicated a similar tendency. Furthermore, coronal navel section (same anatomical position) images of computed tomography of all BTE- and non-BTE-treated subjects revealed that the visceral fat areas (cm²) were significantly (P < .05) less in the former 12 weeks after BTE ingestion. Measured biochemical parameters did not indicate significant differences, and BTE-treated subjects did not complain of any adverse effects (abdominal distension, etc). Ingestion of BTE exhibited significant effects in reducing the mean waist circumference, BMI, and visceral fat values and might be useful for weight control and prevention of obesity development (or metabolic syndrome) in humans.     

Obesity in South Africa: the South African demographic and health survey

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the anthropometric profile and determinants of obesity in South Africans who participated in the Demographic and Health Survey in 1998. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A sample of 13,089 men and women (age, > or =15 years) were randomly selected and then stratified by province and urban and nonurban areas. Height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was used as an indicator of obesity, and the waist/hip ratio (WHR) was used as an indicator of abdominal obesity. Multivariate regression identified sociodemographic predictors of BMI and waist circumference in the data. RESULTS: Mean BMI values for men and women were 22.9 kg/m(2) and 27.1 kg/m(2), respectively. For men, 29.2% were overweight or obese (> or =25 kg/m(2)) and 9.2% had abdominal obesity (WHR > or =1.0), whereas 56.6% of women were overweight or obese and 42% had abdominal obesity (WHR >0.85). Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) was found in 12.2% of men and 5.6% of women. For men, 19% of the variation of BMI and 34% of the variation in waist circumference could be explained by age, level of education, population group, and area of residence. For women, these variables explained 16% of the variation of BMI and 24% of the variation in waist circumference. Obesity increased with age, and higher levels of obesity were found in urban African women. DISCUSSION: Overnutrition is prevalent among adult South Africans, particularly women. Determinants of overnutrition include age, level of education, ethnicity, and area of residence.     

体质指数、腰围和腰臀比对中老年人心血管疾病的影响

目的:探讨体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)和腰臀比(WHR)对血压、血脂、肾功能、蛋白质、淋巴细胞等的影响. 方法:对175例中老年人进行身体测量,并计算BMI、WHR和上臂肌围(AMC). 结果:超重组与正常组比较,收缩压和血尿酸均高,差异有显著性意义.肥胖组的三酰甘油高于正常组,差异有显著性意义;收缩压和舒张压差异均有极显著性意义.严重肥胖组的三酰甘油和收缩压均高于正常组,差异有显著性意义.女性腰围＞85 cm时,三酰甘油、淋巴细胞和舒张压均高于正常组,差异有显著性意义.男性腰围＞90 cm时,三酰甘油高于正常组,差异有显著性意义. 结论:随着BMI的增加,三酰甘油和血压也增高;无论男女,腰围高于正常时,三酰甘油也高于正常.     

城区学龄前儿童肥胖与血压的关系

  目的  调查青岛市城区学龄前儿童血压现状，明确学龄前儿童肥胖与血压的关系。  方法  采用整群方便抽样，抽取青岛市城区13家中等规模幼儿园，测量大、中、小班儿童身高、体重、腰围、臀围和血压，评价体质指数（body mass index，BMI）、腰臀比、腰围身高比，分析儿童肥胖与血压间的关系。  结果  青岛市城区学龄前儿童收缩压（systoblic blood pressure，SBP）和舒张压（diastolic blood pressure，DBP）均值分别为（95.52±7.66）mmHg和（62.78±6.52）mmHg；调查儿童中高血压检出率为13.50%；儿童SBP和DBP与BMI、腰围、臀围和腰围身高比均呈正相关；BMI和年龄与血压存在线性回归关系；超重组和肥胖组儿童高血压患病风险分别为正常体重组的5.191和2.824倍。  结论  青岛市城区学龄前儿童高血压发病率较高，超重和肥胖是其血压升高的危险因素，因此在防控学龄前儿童肥胖的同时，学龄前儿童血压监测与高血压早期干预应尽快提上工作日程。     

Guideline 'Diagnosis and treatment of obesity in adults and children'

The multidisciplinary guideline 'Diagnosis and treatment of obesity in adults and children' developed by the Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO) is based on published scientific evidence whenever possible. Diagnosis ofobesity requires a body-mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or more with additional assessment of waist circumference and comorbidity. For children and adolescents, use ofage-specific BMI thresholds is recommended. Treatment of obesity consists of multiple lifestyle interventions for at least 1 year, followed by long-term management aimed at weight maintenance or any further weight loss. In adults, the goal is to achieve weight loss of at least 5% and a reduction in waist circumference of at least 10% after 1 year. If weight loss after 1 year is less than 5%, the addition of pharmacological interventions to lifestyle interventions can be considered. Bariatric surgery can be considered for patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or more and for those with BMI 35-40 kg/m2 with one or more comorbidities. Pharmacological and surgical interventions are not recommended for children and adolescents.     

University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center Connection: Bias in Self-reported Anthropometry in Relation to Adiposity and Adulthood Weight Gain among Postmenopausal Caucasian and Japanese American Women

Adiposity is often approximated by body mass index (BMI) in population studies based on self-reported weight and height (kg/m²). However, self-reports tend to underestimate weight and overestimate height, leading to an underestimation of BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. We examined a subgroup of the Multiethnic Cohort Study participants to determine how well self-reported and measured anthropometry correlate with each other, overall and by race/ethnicity, total and abdominal adiposity level, and amount of adulthood weight gain. A cross-sectional sample of 30 Caucasian and 30 Japanese American female cohort participants, between ages 60–65, was selected in such a way the two groups had a similar BMI distribution across the range (18.5–40 kg/m²). Subjects first reported their weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences at home and within several days underwent objective measurements by trained staff and also a whole-body scan of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at a study clinic. The women under-reported their weight by 0.93 kg, waist circumference by 3.95 cm and hip circumference by 0.10 cm and over-reported their height by 0.85 cm. This led to an under-estimation of BMI by 0.67 kg/m² and waist/hip ratio by 0.04. The effect of misreporting (self-report minus measurement) on BMI and waist/hip ratio was significantly greater in higher BMI groups (p-heterogeneity = 0.007 for BMI, 0.0005 for waist/hip ratio), among women with central obesity (waist circumference > 88 cm; p-heterogeneity = 0.006, 0.01) and among women who had gained higher amounts of weight since age 21 (p-heterogeneity = 0.03, 0.01) compared to their counterparts. A similar trend of greater self-report bias was found among women with higher levels of DXA-based total and abdominal adiposity. We did not observe any heterogeneity in these findings by ethnicity. Our results confirm that a small degree of under-reporting exists in self-reported BMI and waist/hip ratio values, and it tends to increase in women with a larger current body size or history of greater weight gain. Studies are underway to investigate this question in greater depth in men and women from five race/ethnic groups.