局部振动对雄性免生殖功能的影响

目的通过对雄性新西兰兔精液中精子质量及受精能力的检测，观察睾丸大体形态及精子细胞超微结构的改变，探讨局部振动对雄性兔的生殖功能的影响。方法将新西兰兔随机分为A组（接振强度为3．02m／s^2）、B组（接振强度为6．13m／s^2）、C组（接振强度为12．26m／s^2）和1个对照组。于接振后30d测定精浆中精子的密度、活动力、活动率、畸形率，通过去透明带仓鼠卵．精子穿透试验和精子低渗膨胀试验评价精子的受精能力，光镜下观察睾丸组织学变化，电镜下观察睾丸精子细胞超微结构的改变。结果接振试验后与对照组相比较，A、B、C3个试验组新西兰兔精液精子活动率、活动力明显降低（P〈0．01）；精子的畸形率明显升高（P〈0．05）。精子的受精率及尾部肿胀的精子比率明显降低（P〈0．05）。睾丸生精细胞数量减少，精子细胞的部分细胞器破坏、裂解、坏死。结论后肢接振试验可降低精子的活动力、活动率及卵子受精率及低渗肿胀率，增加精子的畸形率，睾丸组织中生精细胞减少，精子细胞的部分细胞器破坏、裂解、坏死，从而抑制精子的成熟，影响生殖功能。     

睾丸精子行ICSI改善严重畸形精子症患者治疗结局5例报告

目的:探讨利用睾丸精子行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗严重畸形精子症患者(精液或附睾液精子畸形率≥99%)的可行性,改善辅助生殖技术治疗结局。方法:回顾性分析5例严重畸形症精子患者(附睾液精子,n=4;精液精子,n=1)利用不同来源精子行ICSI治疗的临床资料,并比较睾丸精子组与非睾丸精子组(附睾液精子和精液精子)之间受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率以及种植率的差异。结果:5例严重畸形精子症患者取精液精子或附睾液精子行ICSI治疗后无1例妊娠,而改用睾丸精子行ICSI治疗后4例成功妊娠。睾丸精子组与非睾丸精子组之间受精率、卵裂率及优质胚胎率均无显著差异(P>0.05),而睾丸精子组妊娠率和种植率均显著高于非睾丸精子组(P<0.01)。结论:对应用附睾精子或精液精子行ICSI治疗失败的严重畸形精子症患者改用睾丸精子治疗可有效改善其治疗结局。     

解脲支原体感染对精子功能影响的实验研究

目的：研究解脲支原体感染对精子功能的影响。方法：正常精液一式2份,一份用解脲支原体Ⅳ（UUⅣ）型人工感染正常精子,一份作对照.于感染后4、8、16、24h观察精子的低渗肿胀试验、精子爬高试验、精子活动力及活率。结果：正常精子受UUⅣ型感染8h,爬高高度低于对照组（48.1±4.2mmvs69.5±1.6mm,P＜0.05）;感染16hg形精子百分率、活动力、活率明显下降;感染24h精子总肿胀率明显低于对照组（12.75±8.98％vs75.50±4.88％,P＜0.01）。结论：UUⅣ型对精子低渗肿胀率和毛细管中爬高力有明显影响、是引起男性不育的病因之一。     

冷冻精子受精能力的综合评价

目的：观察不同冷冻期冷冻精子的受精能力。方法：应用精液常规分析（ＳＦＡ）、精子尾部低渗肿胀试验（ＨＯＳ）、去透明带地鼠卵穿透试验（ＨＯＰ）及冷冻精液人工授精（ＡＩＤ）对冷冻前后及不同冻存期的精液标本进行综合性检测。结果：１０份正常精液标本的冷冻精子活动率、ＨＯＳ值、ＨＯＰ值均明显低于冷冻前（Ｐ＜０．００１），而不同冻存期的精液行ＡＩＤ术后的总妊娠率与新鲜精液ＡＩＤ术的总妊娠率比较，则基本相同。结论：精子细胞膜虽在冷冻复温过程中受到一定的损伤，使精子活动率和受精能力下降。但是，精液的长期冻存及精子细胞膜部分改变并不完全影响精子的受精能力。     

雷公藤糖浆对人精子体外受精力的影响

评价男性生育力的各种检测手段日益改善,临床常用的精液常规、精子尾部低渗肿胀试验、宫颈粘液穿透试验,其准确性、可靠性都不十分理想.1976年Yanagimachi用人精子穿透去透明带仓鼠卵试验(HOP)取得成功.继之国内外学者均采用该方法检测人精子体外受精能力.本文探讨雷公藤糖浆对成熟精子受精能力的影响.     

人类精子低渗试验指数分析

目的：探讨精子低渗试验指数（ＳＨＯＴＩ）对评估男性生育力的临床价值。方法：采用两种不同渗量的低渗液结合活体染色技术，对１２９例男性精液进行精子低渗试验。结果：生育组与不育组比较精子卷尾率、ｇ型肿胀精子率和精子低渗试验指数差异均显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），生育组ＳＨＯＴＩ分布范围为：０．０９６～０．３３６；不育组ＳＨＯＴＩ分布范围为０．０２５～０．２１５。结论：ＳＨＯＴＩ综合反映了精子的整体膜功能及受精能力，可作为评估男性生育力的一个新的指标。初步确定临床参考值为ＳＨＯＴＩ＜０．０９６，提示精子功能不良，不能生育；在０．０９６～０．２１５之间精子功能部分正常，有机会生育；在０．２１５～０．３４０之间预示精子功能正常，生育力良好。     

"精之助"胶囊对生殖功能影响的研究

目的　研究“精之助”胶囊对生殖功能尤其是对精子密度、活动力及形态的影响。方法　 (1)对 5 0例少精子症及 (或 )弱精子症患者应用“精之助”一个月 ,观察精液指标变化情况 ;(2 )对小白鼠进行药效学实验 ,观察一般情况、产仔情况、睾丸及附睾组织学及超微结构变化等 ;(3)对小白鼠进行急性毒性实验。结果　“精之助”胶囊可显著改善少精子症及 (或 )弱精子症患者精液指标 ,逆转小白鼠睾丸、附睾超微结构病理变化。急性毒性实验证明该中药制剂无毒性。结论　“精之助”胶囊是男性不育的安全、有效的中药制剂     

精子细胞显微受精技术的研究进展

采用卵胞质内圆形精子细胞注射 (roundspermatidinjection ,ROSI)或长形精子细胞注射 (elongatedspermatidin jection ,ELSI)技术治疗完全不能产生精子的非梗阻性无精子症 (NOA)病人已获成功 ,精子细胞可从病人精液或从睾丸活检组织中获取。但精子细胞的受精率和妊娠率令人失望 ,限制这项技术成功和阻碍其临床应用的许多问题仍然没有解决 ,包括精子细胞的核蛋白不完全成熟、卵子激活不足及如何正确选择存活精子细胞等     

精子尾部低渗肿胀试验在评价男子生育方面的应用

本文应用精子尾部低渗肿胀试验和常规精液分析,对120例有生育力男子和693例不育男子进行了包括精子膜功能在内的综合精液质量评定。结果发现:生育组男子精子尾部低渗肿胀率明显高于不育组男子的精子肿胀率(P<0.01)。同时还发现生育组精子尾部低渗肿胀率与常规精液分析中精子活动率、精子存活率、正常形态精子百分率间呈显著正相关(r=0.3164,0.5306,0.3034,P<0.0005,<0.0005,<0.005)。实验证明,精子低渗尾部肿胀试验是一种有价值的评价精子功能的方法。     

非免疫性的精子凝集

精液标木里的精子凝集,可从散在的小凝块到众多的大凝集块,或出现严重的凝集现象,精子细胞全部被包围。另外,可发生三种凝集现象——头对头、尾对尾或头对尾相连。在多数情况下,深深陷入凝块内的精子细胞活动力降低或无活动力,凝集团块与其它团块、细胞以及无定形的碎片缠绕在一块。已知大肠杆菌和有关的致病菌引起的前列腺炎会导致被感染的精液中精子产生凝集,可用适当的抗菌素给予治疗。呋喃妥因对精子发生有不利的作用,应避免使用。如果无感染或感染经适当治疗后仍持续出现精子凝集。可作外周血和精液的精子凝集自身抗体试验。如果查出自身抗体,参考免疫性不育症进行治疗。如没有,可试用维     

抗精子抗体介导的免疫性不育动物模型的建立

目的 :探讨抗精子抗体 (AsAb)对生育的影响。　方法 :用雄性新西兰兔精子分别对雌、雄新西兰兔进行人工主动免疫 ,观察雄性兔精子密度、质量的改变及超微结构的变化。达到实验要求后 ,雌、雄兔交配 ,观察其不育率、流产率。　结果 :经 10 0d免疫后 ,雌、雄兔血清AsAb的阳性 ( + )率均为 10 0 %。并随着血清AsAb( + )的出现 ,受检的 2 7只雄性兔精浆中AsAb亦均呈 ( + ) ,同时精子活率、运动速度、运动方式均有明显改变 ,精子出现较多头头、头尾凝集 ,电镜显示精子顶体双层膜性结构肿胀、顶体不完整、核染色质电子密度不均匀等。免疫状态为雄性 ( + )雌性阴性 ( - )的不育率为 4 8% ,流产率为 4 % ;雄性 ( - )雌性 ( + )交配的不育率为 4 4 % ;雄性 ( + )雌性 ( + )的不育率为 5 6% ,流产率为 4 % ;雄性 ( - )雌性 ( - )对照的不育率为 2 0 %。流产胚胎组织液中可检测到AsAb。　结论 :AsAb对正常生殖功能有干扰作用 ,其机理可能为影响精子质量 ,干扰受精 ,干扰受精卵的发育。     

Chronic exposure to low levels of dibromoacetic acid, a water disinfection by-product, adversely affects reproductive function in male rabbits

Four groups (minimum of 10/dose group) of male Dutch-belted rabbits were treated daily with dibromoacetic acid (DBA) via drinking water beginning in utero from gestation day 15 to adulthood; target dosages were 1, 5, and 50 mg DBA/kg body weight. Developmental, prepubertal as well as postpubertal reproductive sequelae were evaluated. One (out of 22), 2 (out of 32), and 1 (out of 21) male offspring in the 1, 5, and 50 mg DBA/kg groups were unilaterally cryptorchid. There were no significant differences in serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone (basal concentrations or in response to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone) in both prepubertal and adult rabbits. Chronic exposure to DBA adversely affected the mating abilities of some rabbits. The number of sperm produced was not affected, but spermiogenesis was disrupted, resulting in unique sperm acrosomal-nuclear malformations even at the 1-mg dose level. Concentrations of SP22, a specific sperm membrane fertility protein, in detergent extracts of ejaculated sperm were significantly lower (P < .05) in all DBA-treated groups compared with controls. The conception rates following artificial insemination of a constant number of sperm for 1, 5, and 50 mg DBA/kg groups were 55% (10/18), 65% (13/20), and 55% (9/16), respectively, vs 85% (17/20) for control group. Histologic lesions in testes characterized by spermatogenic arrest predominantly at the round spermatid stage, pyknosis of differentiating germ cells, and ultimate degeneration and desquamation leaving focal vacuolation in seminiferous epithelium were evident in DBA-treated groups. Thus, male rabbits exhibit reproductive toxicity with exposure to DBA during reproductive development at dosages as low as 1 mg/kg body weight.     

不同海拔高度成年男性精子参数的比较

目的:了解不同海拔长期缺氧暴露对男性精子功能的影响。方法:以驻留海拔5340m1～3年的28例健康男性青年为高海拔组,以34例现驻平均海拔3800m2～5年的健康男性青年为中海拔组,对照组为31例常年生活在1300m海拔地区的成年男性。收集精液标本,采用计算机辅助精液分析系统(CASA)对精子参数进行分析。结果:高海拔组的精子密度、精子曲线运动速度(VCL)、直线运动速度(VSL)、平均路径速度(VAP)和直线性(LIN)分别为(51.12±14.61)×106/ml、(48.17±13.52)μm/s、(32.64±6.70)μm/s、(41.21±9.32)μm/s和(52.24±8.14)%,均明显低于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。中海拔组的精子密度、精子活率、VSL、VCL、LIN、VAP和ALH等参数较对照组亦有不同程度的下降,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:随着海拔高度的增加,高原缺氧暴露对成年男性的精子参数的负面影响愈明显。     

Development of dimethandrolone 17beta-undecanoate (DMAU) as an oral male hormonal contraceptive: induction of infertility and recovery of fertility in adult male rabbits

Dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU: 7α,11β-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone 17β-undecanoate) is a potent orally active androgen with progestational activity that is in development for therapeutic uses in men. We hypothesized that because of its dual activity, DMAU might have potential as a single-agent oral hormonal contraceptive. To test this possibility, adult male rabbits (5/group) of proven fertility were treated orally with vehicle or DMAU at 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg/d for 12 or 13 weeks. Semen and blood samples were collected every other week through week 30. Sperm were decreased (P < .05) in semen samples from DMAU-treated rabbits at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/d at weeks 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 compared to week 0 (prior to treatment). The percentage of forward progressive motile sperm in those rabbits that still had measurable sperm was also reduced by DMAU treatment at 2.5 mg/kg/d at weeks 14, 16, 18, and 20 and at 5.0 mg/kg/d at week 18 (P < .05). At 1.0 mg/kg/d only 1 rabbit had reduced sperm numbers and motility. A mating trial was performed at week 15. The number of bred males that were fertile was 4 of 4 in the vehicle-treated group and 4 of 5, 0 of 4, and 2 of 5 in the 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg/d DMAU treatment groups. By week 22, sperm numbers and forward progressive motility increased, and they returned to pretreatment levels in all DMAU-treated rabbits by week 30. All bred males were fertile at week 31. Serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly suppressed in DMAU (1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg/d)-treated rabbits during the 12-week dosing interval, but were comparable to pretreatment levels after cessation of dosing. These data indicate that DMAU suppressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in severe oligospermia in the majority of rabbits in the 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/d dosing groups. Infertility was observed when sperm numbers decreased to about 10% of pretreatment levels. In rabbits dosed with DMAU at 10.0 mg/kg/d, no effect on sperm numbers or motility was observed by week 12. Dosing continued for another week, and the rabbits underwent a gross necropsy on week 13 with removal of testes and epididymides for histology and preparation of testicular cytosol. Serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels were considerably suppressed in these rabbits as in the lower-dose groups. The lack of oligospermia in the 10.0 mg/kg group as well as in the 2 fertile males in the 5.0 mg/kg group may have been due to high intratesticular levels of 7α,11β-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone, the active metabolite of DMAU. Hence, as observed previously for testosterone, DMAU has a biphasic effect on spermatogenesis. Collectively, these data indicate that DMAU has the potential to be an orally active single-agent male hormonal contraceptive at an appropriate dose level and should be tested for contraceptive efficacy in nonhuman primates.     

Impact of body mass index values on sperm quantity and quality

Body mass index (BMI) has been demonstrated to affect female fertility; however, little information is available on the impact of BMI on male fertility or semen parameters. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the relationship between BMI and semen parameters, including sperm chromatin integrity. We analyzed data on semen samples from 520 men who were grouped based upon calculated BMI values (normal, 20-24 kg/m(2); overweight, 25-30 kg/m(2); obese, >30 kg/m(2)). The data collected included patient height and weight, semen volume, sperm concentration, percent sperm motility, percent sperm morphology (normal forms), and sperm chromatin integrity (DNA fragmentation index [DFI]). Data were analyzed by regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test for multiple pairwise comparisons. The overall BMI mean (+/-SEM) was 27.5 (+/-0.49) kg/m(2). Linear regression revealed a significant (P < .05) and negative relationship between BMI and the total number of normal-motile sperm cells. ANOVA revealed a significant difference (P < .05) in the total number of normal-motile sperm cells among the different BMI groups. The number of normal-motile sperm cells per BMI group was as follows: normal, 18.6 x 10(6); overweight, 3.6 x 10(6); and obese, (0.7) x 10(6). All multiple pairwise comparisons were found to be significantly (P < .05) different. The overall DFI mean (+/-SEM) was 24.7 (+/-2.57). Linear regression revealed a significant (P < .05) and positive relation between BMI and DFI. Men presenting with a BMI greater than 25 kg/m(2) have fewer chromatin-intact normal-motile sperm cells per ejaculate. Therefore, to ensure maximum fertility potential, patients may be advised to reduce body weight.     

精安胶囊对大鼠精子质量的影响

目的 :探讨精安胶囊对大鼠精子质量的影响 ,为临床安全使用提供依据。　方法 :80只SD雄性大鼠 ,随机分为低剂量组 ( 5 5 7 1mg/kg) ,中剂量组 ( 5 5 71mg/kg) ,高剂量组 ( 114 2 0mg/kg)和阴性对照组 ( 2 0g/L淀粉 )共 4组 ,每组 2 0只 ,连续给药 6 0d后处死 ,取一侧附睾分析精子计数、活率和形态 ,实验数据运用方差、χ2 检验、Kruskal Wal lis检验进行统计学分析。　结果 :各剂量组精安胶囊对大鼠的精子密度、活率和形态有不同程度的影响。低剂量组精子密度显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,高剂量组精子密度和活率降低 ,且与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。低剂量组精子形态异常率降低 ,中、高剂量组升高 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :低剂量精安胶囊可改善精子质量 ,高剂量精安胶囊可能对精子产生一定的损伤     

氰戊菊酯对大鼠精子及生殖激素的影响

目的探讨氰戊菊酯(Fen)对雄性大鼠精子计数、活力以及生殖激素的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠,分别以0、20、40、80mg/kg剂量的Fen连续灌胃染毒15和30d,按常规方法进行精子计数和精子活力检测,应用放射免疫法和化学发光免疫法测定大鼠血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)和睾丸匀浆中T、E2水平。结果Fen染毒15d时,与0mg/kg组相比,40mg/kg剂量组精子数量明显减少(P<0.01),20和40mg/kg组睾丸匀浆中T水平显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),血清LH、FSH水平随染毒剂量的增加而升高,且FSH水平和染毒剂量有显著的剂量-效应关系(P<0.05);Fen染毒至30d时,各组间精子数量差异不显著,与0mg/kg组相比,40mg/kg剂量组(a+b)级精子活力显著降低(P<0.05),血清LH、FSH水平随染毒剂量的增加而升高,但差异不显著。结论Fen对雄性大鼠有明显的生殖毒性作用,能够改变血清和睾丸中的生殖激素水平。     

巴戟天根两种提取物对微波损伤大鼠生精功能的影响

目的:探讨巴戟天根不同浓度提取物对微波损伤的雄性SD大鼠生精功能的影响。方法:40只健康雄性SD大鼠先分为正常对照组和辐射组,辐射后再将辐射组分为辐射模型组,巴戟天根水提物治疗组和巴戟天根醇提物治疗组,每组10只。辐射组应用微波信号发生器(900 HZ 1.0 W),功率密度为218μm/cm2,12 h/d,持续辐射2周。治疗组在辐射后分别给予巴戟天根水提物和巴戟天根醇提物20 g/(kg.d)持续灌胃2周。观察各组大鼠生长发育,扑捉潜伏期(CIP)和扑捉次数(CT),睾丸和附睾指数及精子形态学的差异,精子浓度、精子畸形率以及血清睾酮的浓度。结果:与正常对照组[(269.50±36.07)g]相比,辐射模型组[(254.77±20.38)g]大鼠体重稍降低,CIP延长及CT减少(P<0.05),精子浓度[(87.717±12.365)×106/ml]降低及精子畸形率[(0.126±0.100)×106/ml]明显升高(P<0.05);睾丸和附睾出现不同程度的病理损伤改变,睾丸指数降低,血清睾酮水平无明显变化。两治疗组较正常对照组体重显著下降(P<0.05),血清睾酮的水平显著升高,且与辐射模型组相比CT增加、CIP缩短、精子浓度显著升高、畸形率显著下降、血清睾酮的水平升高(P<0.05)。治疗组睾丸的病理性损伤显著修复,附睾管内除见大量精子外,还可见大量脱落的细胞。结论:巴戟天根的水提取物和醇提取物均可促进微波辐射损伤的生殖器官的修复以及精子的生成。     

少弱精子症和正常生育男性精液中尿激酶及其受体含量的研究

目的:通过研究精子正常和异常男性精浆和精子中尿激酶及受体含量差异,以了解尿激酶及受体与男性生育力的关系。方法:采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定22例正常生育男性和44例少弱精子症男性精浆和精子中尿激酶及受体的含量。结果:①正常男性精浆尿激酶平均含量为(4 803.69±602.78)mU/L,与少弱精子症组[(4 061.35±736.23)mU/L]相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。正常生育男性精子尿激酶平均含量为(30.29±3.16)mU/106个精子,与少弱精子症组[(20.51±4.2)mU/106个精子],差异有显著性(P<0.01)。②正常生育男性精子尿激酶受体平均含量为(12.97±3.11)mU/106个精子相比,与少弱精子症组[(6.09±1.45)mU/106个精子]相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。③精子和精浆中尿激酶含量和精子活率和活力呈显著正相关。结论:尿激酶和男性生育力相关,少弱精子症和正常生育男性精液中尿激酶及其受体含量存在差异。