彩色超声诊断小儿肠套叠32例结果分析

目的 评价高频二维及彩色多普勒超声在诊断小儿肠套叠中的应用价值.方法 对32例小儿肠套叠病例的特征性二维声像图表现及彩色多普勒超声检查结果进行分析,检查后病例经X线空气灌肠或手术证实.结果 32例本组病例中有28例表现为典型的肠套叠二维声像图,4例表现为不典型声像图.20例在彩色多普勒检查中表现为局部肠壁血流信号增加,3例表现为局部肠壁血流信号消失.结论 二维超声的特征性声像图改变结合彩色多普勒检查结果进一步提高小儿肠套叠超声诊断的准确性.     

彩色超声诊断小儿肠套叠32例结果分析

目的 评价高频二维及彩色多普勒超声在诊断小儿肠套叠中的应用价值.方法 对32例小儿肠套叠病例的特征性二维声像图表现及彩色多普勒超声检查结果进行分析,检查后病例经X线空气灌肠或手术证实.结果 32例本组病例中有28例表现为典型的肠套叠二维声像图,4例表现为不典型声像图.20例在彩色多普勒检查中表现为局部肠壁血流信号增加,3例表现为局部肠壁血流信号消失.结论 二维超声的特征性声像图改变结合彩色多普勒检查结果进一步提高小儿肠套叠超声诊断的准确性.     

缺血性结肠炎的超声表现

目的 探讨缺血性结肠炎的超声表现.方法 回顾性分析9例经病理证实的缺血性结肠炎患者的超声表现,包括二维超声、彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)和能量多普勒(CDE).结果 9例缺血性结肠炎患者二维超声检查均显示结肠壁增厚,1例肠管壁活动僵硬伴不全性肠梗阻.5例经CDFI检查增厚的肠壁内未见明显血流信号,其中2例经CDE检查探及血流信号;4例经CDFI检查探及点状血流信号.结论 缺血性结肠炎超声检查多表现为肠管壁增厚,气体线较薄,假肾样改变不典型;CDFI或CDE检查表现为少血供型.     

CDFI在子宫肌瘤的超声诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 探讨子宫肌瘤的二维图像及彩色多普勒血流特点，从而与其他有类似表现的疾病相鉴别。方法 用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检查子宫肌瘤患者120例，并总结他们的彩色多普勒血流图(CDFI)特点。结果 单纯用二维超声检查病人46例，诊断符合率为78．3％，采用二维超声结合彩色多普勒之后，检查病人74例，诊断符合率为97．3％。结论 子宫肌瘤由于表现较复杂，容易误诊，但采用二维超声结合彩色多普勒血流图，可提高诊断准确率。     

经腹彩色多普勒超声检查在溃疡性结肠炎早期诊断和活动性评估中的应用价值

目的经腹彩色多普勒超声检查在溃疡性结肠炎早期诊断和活动性评估中的应用价值。方法选取2015年1月～2018年1月期间经病理确诊的溃疡性结肠炎患者共60例,其中活动期30例、缓解期30例。选取同期正常体检者30例为对照组,均接受经腹彩色多普勒超声检查,比较三组肠壁厚度、肠壁内血流分级和阻力指数(RI)。结果活动期组与缓解期组病变处肠管厚度均大于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),且活动期组患者较缓解期组增厚的更为明显(P0.05);活动期组与缓解期组患者病变肠壁内血流丰富例数均多于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),且活动期组肠壁内血流丰富例数较缓解期组更多(P0.05);活动期组与缓解期组病变肠壁内动脉RI均低于对照组(P0.05),且活动期组肠壁内动脉RI较缓解期组降低的更为明显(P0.05)。结论经腹彩色多普勒超声对于溃疡性结肠炎的早期诊断和活动性评估具有重要的意义,能为临床的诊治提供客观依据。     

彩色多普勒超声对成人肠套叠患者的诊断价值

目的 探讨成人肠套叠患者彩色多普勒超声的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析近年来采用彩色多普勒超声诊断20例成人肠套叠的临床资料,总结诊断准确性和治疗的有效性.结果 20例成人肠套叠,肠壁水肿明显15例,根据缺血坏死程度,行不同程度的肠管切除.另外,显示出肠壁血流信号5例,首先选择X线气灌肠复位,复位成功3例,另2例经手术后发...     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的68例乳腺癌患者及67例乳腺良性肿瘤患者的超声声像图,对乳腺癌二维超声声像图特征及彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)特点进行总结.结果 乳腺癌与乳腺良性肿瘤患者的肿块二维超声声像图表现存在差别.CDFI示乳腺癌肿块内血流显示率为95.6%(65/68),乳腺良性肿瘤患者肿块内血流显示率为47.8%(32/67).乳腺癌患者肿块内血流分级较乳腺良性肿瘤患者高(P＜0.01);其动脉收缩期血流峰值速度(PSV)及阻力指数(RI)显著高于乳腺良性肿瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);且其肿块多表现为伸入性动脉血管(76.5%).结论 彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断中发挥了重要的作用;当彩色多普勒超声在乳腺肿块内部或周围,或异常回声区内探及丰富血流信号,流速曲线显示为高速高阻时,应高度怀疑乳腺癌.     

高频超声在诊断小儿肠套叠的应用价值

目的 探讨高频彩色普勒超声在诊断小儿肠套叠的临床应用.方法 选择2006年1月至2008年8月小儿肠套叠病37例,分别进行低频和高频彩色普勒超声检查,观察分析其超声声像图.用彩色多普勒检测套入肠管彩色血流的特征.结果 肠套叠的超声特征改变为包块形态规则.套叠处的肠管短轴切面呈"同心环"征.长轴切面呈"套桶征"结论,二维超声的特征性声像图改变结合彩色多普勒检查结果进一步提高小儿准确性,35例显示出肠壁血流信号,2例未检测到明显血流信号.所有病例经X线空气灌肠复位、手术治疗后证实.结论 高频彩色多普勒超声在诊断肠套叠具有敏感性和特异性高,方法简便无创性,是诊断小儿肠套叠的首选方法.     

腹部超声检查在IBD早期诊断及活动性评估中的价值

目的:探讨腹部超声检查对炎症性肠病(IBD)早期诊断及病情评估的应用价值。方法:选取本院2013年4月-2016年11月收治的经结肠镜检查和病理活检确诊的炎症性肠病患者89例,其中克罗恩病45例,溃疡性结肠炎44例,另选健康体检者50例,分别设为CD组、UC组和对照组。采用腹部超声检查三组肠壁厚度、肠壁内血流分级及动脉阻力指数(RI),采用克罗恩病活动指数(CDAI)与改良Mayo评分表分别对克罗恩病与溃疡性结肠炎患者进行评分。结果:(1)CD组与UC组肠壁厚度明显高于对照组,肠壁内血流Ⅱ~Ⅲ级例数明显多于对照组,且肠壁动脉阻力指数明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)根据结肠镜检查、CDAI及改良Mayo评分结果显示,CD组活动期32例,缓解期13例;UC组活动期33例,缓解期11例;两组活动期肠壁厚度明显高于缓解期,血流Ⅱ~Ⅲ级例数明显多于缓解期,且肠壁动脉阻力指数低于缓解期,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)以肠壁厚度≥4 mm为临界值,超声检查对CD组疾病活动性评估诊断敏感性为84.37%,特异性为100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值72.22%,尤登指数0.89;对UC组疾病活动性评估诊断敏感性87.87%,特异性100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值73.33%,尤登指数0.91。结论:腹部超声检查在早期诊断炎症性肠病及活动性评估方面具有较高的应用价值,值得临床借鉴。     

彩色超声在强直性脊柱炎患者骶髂关节诊断中的初步应用

目的 初步探讨彩色超声在评价强直性脊柱炎患者骶髂关节血流中的应用价值.方法 能量多普勒超声检查31例活动期强直性脊柱炎患者的57个骶髂关节和20例健康自愿者的40个骶髂关节.超声探测骶髂关节区域的彩色血流并计算血流阻力指数(RI).结果 活动期强直性脊柱炎的骶髂关节中,55个骶髂关节显示有血流信号,其中45个骶髂关节血流的RI值是0.53±0.08,另外10个血流信号在频谱多普勒上表现为具有舒张期反相血流.健康自愿者组中,16个骶髂关节显示有血流信号.6个骶髂关节血流信号频谱多普勒测得RI平均值为0.97±0.01,另外10例在频谱多普勒上呈现舒张期反相血流.结论 彩色能量图超声可显示骶髂关节异常血流信号,尤其是低阻血流信号为诊断强直性脊柱炎提供了重要的参考依据.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.