成都地区糖耐量正常者血糖水平变化的特征分析

目的 探讨成都地区糖耐量正常(NGT)者血糖水平变化特征.方法 纳入50例NGT(男、女各25例)受试者,采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)进行连续72 h血糖监测,分析日内平均血糖水平(MBG)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、日内血糖波动最大幅度(LAGE)、餐后血糖峰值(PPG)、餐后血糖波动幅度(PPGE)、三餐PPGE的均值(MPPGE)、日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD)、血糖波动的时间百分比. 结果 受试者血糖水平呈波动性变化,夜间及3餐前是血糖较低时段,日内血糖高峰多于餐后1～2 h显现,尤以中、晚餐后为甚,且老年人群午餐后血糖波动幅度最大;本组NGT者MBG (5.9±1.2) mmol/L,MAGE (1.7±0.7) mmol/L,LAGE (4.4±1.9) mmol/L,PPG (8.7±1.7) mmol/L,MPPGE (2.3±1.6) mmol/L,MODD (0.75±0.79) mmol/L;78%(39例)的受试者血糖波动＞7.8 mmol/L,10%(5例)的血糖波动＜2.8 mmol/L,血糖波动于4.1～8.8 mmol/L所占的日内时间百分比为95%(77%～100%).结论 成都地区NGT受试者存在血糖波动,CGMS有助于观察血糖波动并及时发现高血糖和无症状的低血糖.     

接受胰岛素治疗的老年糖尿病气阴两虚证患者的动态血糖观察

目的采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)观察接受胰岛素治疗的老年糖尿病气阴两虚证患者的血糖波动特点。方法采用CGMS(Mini Med)进行连续72 h血糖监测,获得51例接受胰岛素治疗的老年糖尿病气阴两虚证患者的平均血糖水平(MBG)、低血糖时间百分率(DBLL)、血糖水平标准差(SDBG)、最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)和日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD)。结果 51例接受胰岛素治疗的老年糖尿病气阴两虚证患者的血糖波动参数如下:MBG为(9.39±2.13)mmol/L,DBLL为(1.92±2.92)%,MAGE为(5.42±2.61)mmol/L,SDBG为(2.35±0.86)mmol/L,LAGE为(10.98±3.41)mmol/L,MODD为(2.03±0.76)mmol/L。结论接受胰岛素治疗的老年糖尿病气阴两虚证患者的血糖波动增大,SDBG和MAGE均增加,而LAGE明显大于正常。     

血糖波动对初诊2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能及C-反应蛋白的影响研究

目的探讨血糖波动对初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)及血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)的影响。方法在糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)≤8.0%的初诊T2DM患者中行动态血糖监测,据监测结果选取30例3倍血糖标准差(SD)<平均血糖(MBG)的患者为血糖波动小组(A组),30例3倍SD≥MBG的患者为血糖波动大组(B组)。两组患者均接受FMD检查及CRP测定,比较两组间FMD、CRP的差异,探讨血糖波动对两者的影响。结果 (1)与A组相比,B组的CRP及日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)、平均餐后血糖波动幅度(MPPGE)、日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD)明显升高,FMD明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)分别以FMD、CRP为因变量,各相关因素为自变量行多元逐步回归分析,结果显示MAGE、收缩压(SBP)是影响FMD的独立因素;LAGE、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、MPPGE是影响CRP的独立因素。(3)简单相关显示,FMD与CRP显著相关(P<0.05)。结论血糖波动可能参与了初诊T2DM患者内皮功能及炎性状态的改变,并可通过增强体内炎性状态增加对内皮功能的损害。     

动态血糖监测系统探讨胰岛素瘤患者日间与夜间的血糖波动

目的 通过动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)分析胰岛素瘤患者日间与夜间血糖谱特点,探讨CGMS在胰岛素瘤诊断中的价值.方法 选择2006年3月～2012年6月在南京医科大学附属南京第一医院住院胰岛素瘤患者12例,均进行连续3d的动态血糖监测,比较日间与夜间平均血糖水平、最高血糖、最低血糖、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)及低血糖发生率,并分析CGMS监测结果与胰岛素释放指数(IRI/G)的相关性.结果 胰岛素瘤患者日间平均血糖水平[(5.23±1.33)mmol/L]、日间血糖最高值[(9.83±2.36)mmol/L]、日间MAGE[(6.27±1.37) mmol/L]及LAGE[(8.25±2.24)mmol/L]均高于夜间[(4.18±1.19)、(7.34±1.97)、(4.38±1.22)、(6.37±2.11)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);夜间低血糖发生率(63.4％)高于日间(36.6％),差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).相关分析显示全天平均血糖波动幅度与胰岛素释放指数呈正相关(r=0.624,P=0.008).结论 胰岛素瘤患者日间血糖波动较大,夜间低血糖风险大,CGMS在胰岛素瘤临床诊治中具有重要价值.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血糖波动与冠状动脉病变的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)的患者血糖波动对冠状动脉病变的影响.方法 选取80例2013年6月至2014年3月在北京军区总医院内分泌科住院的T2DM患者为研究对象,其中合并CHD患者50例(CHD&DM组).单纯2型糖尿病患者30例(DM组).应用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)对两组患者行连续72 h血糖监测并计算日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD)、平均餐后血糖波动幅度(MPPGE)、最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE),同时测定血浆高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、血管性假血友病因子(vWF)的水平,比较两组间HMGB1、vWF的水平及血糖波动参数,探讨T2DM合并CHD患者与单纯T2DM在血糖波动、HMGB1、vWF的差异及其在冠状动脉病变中的意义.结果 CHD&DM组的病程、MAGE、LAGE、MPPGE、MODD、vWF、HMGB1水平明显高于DM组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).按照Gensini冠状动脉评分将CHD&DM组分为3组,其中A、B、C3组的Gensini评分差异均有统计学差异(P＜0.05).C组及B组MAGE、LAGE、MPPGE、MODD、HMGB1、vWF水平较A组高(P＜0.05),C组的水平较B组高(P＜0.05).Pearson相关分析表明:Gensini评分与MAGE、LAGE、MODD、MPPGE、vWF、HMGB1、年龄、TC呈正相关(r=0.267、0.341、0.533、0.529、0.635、0.691、0.226、0.106,P＜0.05).多元逐步回归分析发现:Gensini评分=342.865+35.117MAGE+ 14.821HMGB1+7.927vWF.结论 血糖波动对DM合并CHD的发病有一定的影响,其机制可能是通过内皮损伤及炎性反应而引起.     

应用动态血糖监测系统评估不同糖耐量个体血糖稳定性的特征

目的探讨不同糖耐量个体血糖稳定性的特征。方法应用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)对153例受试者进行连续3d的血糖监测,其中正常糖调节(NGR)组48名,糖耐量受损(IGT)组36例,新诊断2型糖尿病组(N-T2DM组)69例;IGT组包括单纯IGT(I-IGT)亚组16例和空腹血糖受损(IFG)合并IGT(IGT/IFG)亚组20例。比较CGMS监测中连续48h的平均血糖水平(MBG)及其标准差(SDBG)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)及日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD)。结果①IGT/IFG亚组的MBG为(6.55±0.70)mmol/L,显著高于I-IGT组的(6.02±0.50)mmol/L(P<0.05),而两组间MAGE、MODD的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。②IGT组的MBG为(6.31±0.67)mmol/L,显著高于NGR组的(5.37±0.55)mmol/L(P<0.05);MAGE为(3.12±1.09)mmol/L,显著高于NGR组的(2.00±0.69)mmol/L(P<0.01);MODD为(0.89±0.29)mmol/L,与NGR组(0.81±0.29)mmol/L的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③N-T2DM组的MBG、MAGE及MODD均显著高于NGR、IGT组(P值均<0.01)。④N-T2DM组中,MAGE与糖化血红蛋白(HbA_1c)、MBG均不相关(P值均>0.05),与SDBG呈显著正相关(r=0.81,P<0.01);SDBG与MBG呈显著正相关(r=0.43,P<0.01)。结论①IGT伴或不伴IFG患者已存在日内血糖波动显著增大,至糖尿病阶段,日内血糖波动进一步加大,同时伴有日间血糖波动的明显增大。②HbA_1c不能反映血糖稳定性的特征,MAGE和MODD有助于准确反映日内及日间血糖的波动幅度。     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血糖变化与内皮功能的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血糖波动的变化及对其肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（FMD）的影响。方法选取近期经冠脉造影术确诊为冠心病的2型糖尿病患者30例为T2DM1组作为主要研究对象,同时选取病程、糖化血红蛋白等一般临床资料匹配的经冠脉造影术排除冠心病的2型糖尿病患者20例为T2DM2组,所有对象接受FMD检测及动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）监测。比较T2DM1组血糖波动的变化,并分析其与FMD的相关性。结果 （1）与T2DM2组相比,T2DM1组的日内平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）、日间血糖平均绝对差（MODD）、平均餐后血糖波动幅度（MPPGE）、低血糖曲线下面积（IAUC70）明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（2）对T2DM1组FMD进行分析显示,FMD与MAGE、MODD、PPGE、IAUC70等血糖波动系数明显相关（P〈0.05）,其中与MAGE相关性最强;以FMD为因变量,各相关因素为自变量行多元逐步回归分析显示,调整其他影响因素后,MAGE仍与FMD呈负相关,且MAGE、IAUC70、收缩压均是影响FMD的独立因素。结论 2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血糖波动较不合并冠心病患者明显增加,FMD明显受损,血糖波动与FMD受损具有相关性。     

比较阿卡波糖与瑞格列奈联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病对血糖波动的影响

目的:观察阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素与瑞格列奈联合甘精胰岛素两种治疗方案对2型糖尿病患者血糖波动性的影响。方法:60例病史半年以上的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者(空腹血糖>11.1mmol/L,HbA1c>9.0%),随机分为A、B两组,A组给予瑞格列奈联合甘精胰岛素(来得时)治疗;B组给予阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素(来得时)进行治疗。以空腹及餐后2h指尖毛细血管血糖分别小6.7mmol/L和8.0mmol/L为目标,两组患者分别于联合治疗达标2d后对受试者行72hCGMS(雷兰公司)检测;于治疗十二周后复查糖化血红蛋白并再次行72h血糖监测。采用CGMSsoftware3.0软件对数据进行处理,曲线下面积采用梯形法则计算。计算全天:平均血糖(MBG),血糖标准差(SDBG),日内血糖极差(LAGE),日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE),日内血糖波动次数(NGE),日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD),餐后血糖峰值(PPG),餐后血糖波动均值(MPPGE),曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:两组经联合治疗血糖达标两天后分别行72hCGMS监测,与A组相比,B组SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、NGE、早中晚三餐PPG、MPPGE、高血糖AUC均更低(P<0.05);两组胰岛素用量、CGMS探头测定血糖次数、MBG、MODD、低血糖AUC均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组经12周治疗,空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白以及糖化血红蛋白达标率(HbA1C<7%),两组均无统计学差异。两组经过12周治疗后血糖波动各参数比较:与A组相比,B组SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、NGE、早中晚三餐PPG、MPPGE、高血糖AUC均更低(P<0.05);两组胰岛素用量、CGMS探头测定血糖次数、MBG、MODD、低血糖AUC均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:阿卡波糖联合长效胰岛素治疗,显示出更好地改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖波动。     

应用持续血糖监测系统评估2型糖尿病患者一级亲属的糖代谢特征

目的 用持续血糖监测系统(CGMS)评估口服葡萄糖耐量正常人群及2型糖尿病患者一级亲属的血糖稳定性.方法 用CGMS对50例受试者进行48～72 h的血糖监测,其中2型糖尿病患者一级亲属(FDR)22名,尤糖尿病家族史的正常糖调节人群(对照组)28名,比较CGMS监测中连续48 h的平均血糖水平(MBG)及其血糖水平标准差(SDBG)、日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)及日间血糖平均绝对差等指标.用稳态模型评估法评估胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素抵抗性(HOMA-IR),计算胰岛素分泌指数(△I30/△G30),修正的β细胞功能指数(MBCI)等指标.结果 FDR组的MAGE明显高于对照组[(2.3±0.5)mmol/L比(2.0±0.6)mmol/L,P<0.05)],MBCI在FDR组明显低于对照组[17.6(16.9～50.0)比36.0(15.7～59.6),P<0.05],其余指标在两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 CGMS监测剑2型糖尿病患者的FDR的血糖波动性较大,主要表现为MAGE增大.     

空腹C肽及餐后2 h C肽与空腹C肽比值对初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖波动的影响

目的 探讨空腹C肽（C0）、餐后2 hC肽（C2）与空腹C肽比值（C2/C0）与初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖波动的关系。方法 选取2012年4月-2014年3月于泰州市第三人民医院内分泌科住院治疗的初诊2型糖尿病患者54例为研究对象。患者入院后测定C0、食用标准100 g馒头餐后2 hC肽（C2）水平,佩戴动态葡萄糖监测系统进行动态血糖监测72 h,记录日间平均血糖（MBG）、日间平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）、血糖标准差（SDBG）、最大血糖波动幅度（LAGE）。分别比较C0≥1.1 μg/L和＜1.1 μg/L、C2/C0≥3.0和＜3.0患者上述指标水平的差异。结果 C0＜1.1 μg/L患者MBG、MAGE、SDBG、LAGE高于C0≥1.1 μg/L患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。C2/C0＜3.0患者MBG、MAGE、SDBG、LAGE高于C2/C0≥3.0患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 C0及C2/C0均能影响初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖波动,C0＜1.1 μg/L和C2/C0＜3.0的患者血糖波动较大。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.