珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨修复骨干缺损的生物力学评估

本研究目的是评估ＣＨＡ修复骨干缺损的生物力学能力。将天然海珊瑚碳酸钙经过“絷认交换反应”制成珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨。Ｘ线衍射分析其晶相为Ｃａ（ＰＯ）ＯＨ；扫描电镜观察为多孔隙结构，测得孔隙直径平均２００μｍ，孔隙率５３％；硬度为Ｍｏｈｓ５度，有１２只析西兔为实验动物，植入材料１６周取材做生物力学实验、测得尺骨标本的最大扭矩分别为：人工骨组５２．０４Ｎ／ｃｍ，自体骨移植组３４．８８Ｎ／ｃｍ，下沉骨组６     

珊瑚羟基磷灰石植入修复良性骨肿瘤缺损

目的: 观察无机材料珊瑚人工骨修复良性骨肿瘤刮除术后骨缺损的临床疗效.方法: 将天然珊瑚经特殊处理加工成羟基磷灰石,作为骨修复的填充材料,植入骨肿瘤刮除术后骨缺损区.共治疗25例患者,均为良性骨肿瘤.缺损范围最大10 cm×3.5 cm×2 cm,最小0.8 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm.结果: 所有病例术后查血生化正常,伤口愈合良好,无异物排出现象.X线显示:1月后管状骨周围有骨痂生长,3月植入的珊瑚骨密度开始逐渐降低,而珊瑚骨之间的空隙密度增高,4月达到临床愈合,18月珊瑚羟基磷灰石基本完全吸收.结论: 天然珊瑚制成羟基磷灰石具有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性,而且生物降解时间延长,基本与骨形成达到同步,是一种较为理想的骨缺损修复材料.     

山羊胫骨大段骨缺损的组织工程骨修复及放射性核素显像监测

目的：探讨组织工程骨对山羊大段骨缺损的修复能力及放射性核素骨显像技术在此过程中的监测效果。方法：将27只中国青山羊，分为组织工程骨组，人工骨组和对照组（每组9只）并分别造成左侧胫骨2cm缺损，对组织工程骨组缺损区植入珊瑚羟基磷灰石（CHAP）和骨髓基质干细胞（BMSc)复合体，人工骨组植入CHAP，对照组则不植入任何填充物，采用放射性核素骨显像于术后2，4，8周监测各组骨修复情况。结果：通过放射性核素骨显像测定的感兴趣区（ROI）计数和T／NT比值显示：对照组在各时间点均未见再管化的表现及明显的成骨活动；人工骨组随着时间的延长其血管再生的数量和成骨的质量呈现出上升的趋势。组织工程骨组上升趋势更为显著。结论：组织工程骨较人工骨具有更佳的修复大动脉大段骨缺损的能力，放射性核素骨显像在修复过程中有比较准确的预测效果。     

天然型羟基磷灰石人工骨修复颌骨缺损

目的探讨天然型羟基磷灰石人工骨修复颌骨缺损的疗效。方法应用羟基磷灰石人工骨修复３５例颌骨缺损，与应用不锈钢板修复３０例颌骨缺损作对照。结果在２～４ａ随访中发现，在修复中断性骨缺损与骨腔性缺损中，羟基磷灰石人工骨成功率分别为９１３％、１００％，钢板成功率分别为５８３％、３３３％，两者有显著性差异。结论天然型羟基磷灰石人工骨具有良好的组织相容性及引导产生新骨、修复颌骨缺损的能力，是自体骨移植理想的替代材料。     

组织工程骨修复山羊负重骨大段骨缺损的长期观察

目的 探讨组织工程骨修复山羊大段负重骨骨缺损的长期效果及所用支架材料珊瑚羟基磷灰石的体内最终转归情况。方法 中国青山羊15只,制备单侧胫骨2cm的骨膜与骨缺损,缺损内植入组织工程骨（珊瑚羟基磷灰石＋经诱导分化的骨髓基质干细胞）。术后早期行ECT、X线、组织学等手段检测,评价骨缺损修复情况。远期在术后6、12、18、24月行X线及组织学检查,评价骨缺损修复情况及珊瑚羟基磷灰石的体内转归。结果 早期ECT显示在术后2个月内骨再生和再血管化进展顺利,X线和组织学显示术后组织工程骨成骨呈渐进性和偏心性：远期X线和组织学显示组织工程骨与山羊胫骨牢固愈合,并开始塑形且出现髓腔再通,珊瑚羟基磷灰石在体内逐渐成为骨基质的组成成分,自身架构消失。结论 组织工程骨可以完全修复山羊大段负重骨骨缺损,形成正常骨组织并发挥功能;珊瑚羟基磷灰石最终被降解转化成骨基质。     

复合珊瑚骨充填颌骨缺损的临床观察

目的：观察珊瑚人工骨复合庆大霉素在颌骨缺损修复中的效果。方法：临床应用珊瑚人工骨复合庆大霉素充填33例颌骨缺损，并与血块充填组37例进行比较分析。结果：珊瑚人工骨复合庆大霉素充填组的骨修复速度快，抗感染性明显优于血块充填组。结论：珊瑚人工骨制备简单、经济，可加速骨缺损的修复，是一种良好的骨代用品。     

硫酸钙-羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白支架的制备及研究

目的研究硫酸钙-羟基磷灰石／胶原蛋白支架的制备，以期此材料能符合人工骨植入修复骨缺损的要求。方法采用共滴定法制备羟基磷灰石／胶原蛋白复合材料，再结合具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性的硫酸钙制备人工骨支架材料，采用XRD、TEM、SEM和万能力学测试机等对复合材料进行生物力学复合材料特性的研究。结果硫酸钙-羟基磷灰石／胶原蛋白复合材料成分与微结构具有同天然骨类似的某些特征，具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性，其结晶度、力学强度可达到人体松质骨要求，其结果取决于三种材料的含量比例、温度和pH值等。结论硫酸钙-羟基磷灰石／胶原蛋白复合材料是良好的生物活性材料。     

珊瑚修复骨缺损中转化生长因子β的观察

目的;观察转化生长因子β在珊瑚人工骨修复骨缺损中的分布及作用。方法：家兔７２只,颅骨造成．５ｃｍ直径圆形缺损,分别植入珊瑚,羟基磷灰石,另设空白对照,于术后２,４,８,１２周取材,组织学处理,选取石蜡切片作ＡＢＸ免疫组化染色,观察ＴＧＦβ分布并作图像定量分析。     

山羊胫骨大段骨缺损的组织工程骨修复及放射性核素显像监测

目的探讨组织工程骨对山羊大段骨缺损的修复能力及放射性核素骨显像技术在此过程中的监测效果。方法将27只中国青山羊,分为组织工程骨组、人工骨组和对照组(每组9只)并分别造成左侧胫骨2cm骨缺损。对组织工程骨组缺损区植入珊瑚羟基磷灰石(CHAP)和骨髓基质干细胞(BMSc)复合体,人工骨组植入CHAP,对照组则不植入任何填充物。采用放射性核素骨显像于术后2、4、8周监测各组骨修复情况。结果通过放射性核素骨显像测定的感兴趣区(ROI)计数和T/NT比值显示:对照组在各时间点均未见再血管化的表现及明显的成骨活动;人工骨组随着时间的延长其血管再生的数量和成骨的质量呈现出上升的趋势;组织工程骨组上升趋势更为显著。结论组织工程骨较人工骨具有更佳的修复大动物大段骨缺损的能力,放射性核素骨显像在修复过程中有比较准确的预测效果。     

种植床自体骨复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石在牙种植手术中的临床应用研究

目的评价种植床自体骨复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石在牙种植手术中的临床应用效果。方法32例（37颗）种植牙病例分成A、B两组。A组24例（27颗种植体）,植入德国Ankylos螺纹种植体后,在部分暴露的植体处植入珊瑚羟基磷灰石。B组8例（10颗种植体）,采用经牙槽嵴顶人路,使用德国费亚丹公司的FRI—OS^R空心取骨钻进行定位定向和定深度后制备圆柱状骨,游离取出后即刻碾磨成碎骨颗粒,与珊瑚羟基磷灰石混合后植人到种植体周骨缺损区。植入术后4—6个月暴露种植体,最终完成烤瓷冠修复,二期手术时根据成骨情况评估成骨效果。结果两组病例均获得了良好的骨修复效果,单纯珊瑚羟基磷灰石植骨后成骨效果满意及基本满意率共为85．19％。自体骨与珊瑚羟基磷灰石混合植骨后的成骨效果满意及基本满意率共为100．00％。结论种植床自体骨可作为有效的植骨材料,手术创伤小,无需开辟第2手术区,值得推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.