门腔静脉人工血管搭桥分流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的观察用门腔静脉间人工血管搭桥分流术治疗门静脉高压症患者的临床疗效,并与传统的门体分流术比较。方法采用带外支撑环的８ｍｍ口径聚四氟乙烯（ＧｏｒｅＴｅｘ）薄壁人工血管行门腔静脉间搭桥分流术,所用人工血管长度为２～３ｃｍ,共治疗２０例患者。结果搭桥分流术后门静脉压力下降幅度与同期１７例脾肾静脉分流术及１１例门腔静脉侧侧分流术相比差异无显著意义（０８３±０３１ｋＰａ,０８１±０５０ｋＰａ及１０２±０４５ｋＰａ,Ｐ＞００５）。三组患者全部获得随访,平均随访时间为１５～２８个月,手术死亡率及再出血率没有差别,但搭桥分流组术后脑病发生率显著低于门腔侧侧分流组（５０％及３６４％,Ｐ＜００５）。２０例患者术后近期均经下腔静脉行门静脉造影,人工血管通畅率为９５％,出院后１９例患者均经一次以上Ｂ超检查,随访已超过１５个月,人工血管均通畅。结论门腔静脉间小口径人工血管搭桥分流术对患者创伤小,操作简便,术后脑病发生率低,疗效比较确切     

贲门周围血管离断加肠腔静脉侧侧分流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的防止肝硬变门静脉高压症患者术后再出血,保持门静脉向肝血供,降低肝性脑病发生率。方法对３７例门静脉高压症患者施行了联合断流加肠腔静脉分流手术,即贲门周围血管离断后,肠系膜上静脉与下腔静脉采用直接侧侧吻合。结果本组手术成功率１００％。术后自由门静脉压（ＦＰＰ）３１６±０５８ｋＰａ,较术前３９１±０６４ｋＰａ明显降低,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜００１）。术后随访５～２２个月,所有患者肝功能均有不同程度恢复,其中１２例肝功能Ⅲ级的患者,有５例恢复到Ⅰ级、７例恢复到Ⅱ级、无１例发生肝性脑病及再出血。腹水消失率１００％,食管胃底静脉曲张改善消失率８２９％。结论断流分流联合应用,既能保持一定的门静脉压力及门静脉肝脏血供,又能疏通门静脉系统的高血流状态,是一种较理想的治疗门静脉高压症的手术方法     

脾肾分流加门奇断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症的远期疗效

目的评价门静脉高压症采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症的长期效果。方法回顾性总结了１９年采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症１４０例，并通过手术前后采用彩色多普勒显像、数字减影血管造影和术中测ＦＰＰ观察门静脉系血流动力学变化。结果临床疗效满意。手术病死率为３６％，术后近期无１例出血，远期再出血率为８３％，术后肝性脑病发生率为５０％，术后５、１０和１５年生存率分别为８３３６％、６４５％和５４５％。术后ＦＰＰ和ＰＶＦ降低有显著意义（Ｐ＜００１）。术后ＦＰＰ平均保持在３２±０４ｋＰａ。结论脾肾分流加门奇断流联合术既保留了分流术和断流术二者的优点，又克服了二者的缺点，是一种合理而可行的术式。     

选择性远端脾腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症患者断流术后再出血

目的 探讨选择性远端脾腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症患者断流术后再出血的近期和远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年12月18例贲门周围血管离断术后复发食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的门静脉高压症患者,术前经Doppler及CT证实脾静脉无血栓,用远端脾静脉-腔静脉直接吻合分流.结果 在分流术后,本组18例患者的自由门静脉压从术前的(35.6±3.8) cm H2O下降至(26.9±2.7)cm H2O,两者相比差异有统计学意义,=13.6,P＜0.01.近期手术死亡率为0.术后第2天肝功能较术前发生显著性变化,但术后第7天恢复到术前水平.本组再出血率为17％,腹水发生率为44％,有2例发生肝性脑病,2年生存率为94％.结论 远端脾腔静脉分流术是一种较为理想的治疗断流术后再出血的选择性分流术式,但前提是远离脾脏的脾静脉无血栓形成.     

断流加分流联合术的门静脉血流动力学变化与临床疗效

目的：前瞻性分析门奇静脉断流加脾肾静脉分流术（联合手术）和断流术后的门静脉血流动力学变化与临床疗效。方 法：彩色多普勒超声监测各手术组门静脉系统血流动力学变化,随访临床疗效。结果：联合手术组ＰＶＤ术后平均下降０．２０ ｃｍ（１５．８７％）、ＰＶＦ平均下降２８８．２９ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ（４１．１５％）,ＦＰＰ平均Ｆ降０．６６ｋＰａ（１７.４１％）;断流组ＰＶＤ平均下降０．１３ｃｍ（９．２９％）, ＰＶＦ平均下降２００．７０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ（３０．３５％）,ＦＰＰ平均下降０．３８ｋＰａ（１０．５６％）;联合手术组与断流组比较ＰＶＤ有明显差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。再出血率分别为２.９％和１３．８％（Ｐ＜０.０５）,肝性脑病率分别为５．７％和３.５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：联合手术组的门静脉血 流动力学变化及临床疗效优于断流组。     

肠系膜下静脉－腔静脉分流术

作者报告了采用肠系膜下静脉－腔静脉分流术合用脾切除、胃底贲门周围血管离断术治疗１６例肝炎后肝硬变门静脉高压症的经验。肠系膜下静脉－腔静脉吻合口直径平均为６．４６±０．７８ｍｍ，分流后ＦＰＰ平均下降０．５１ｋＰａ，可降低单纯断流术后再出血率。本手术完成后ＦＰＰ平均为３．３９±０．４１ｋＰａ，仍保持较高水平ＦＰＰ，有利于保存向肝性门脉血流和维护肝功能。这一术式尚具有肠系膜下静脉和下腔静脉容易显露、操作简单、创伤小等优点。     

肝前型门静脉高压症的诊治

目的探讨肝前型门静脉高压症的临床特点、诊断、治疗方法的选择及疗效。方法回顾性分析第二炮兵总医院及北京协和医院2000年1月至2009年5月期间收治的46例肝前型门静脉高压症（包括2例Abern-ethy畸形）患者的临床资料。全部患者均根据间接门静脉造影、CT血管造影和（或）彩超检查结果确诊为肝前型门静脉高压症。行肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流术23例;脾切除、脾静脉-肾静脉分流术8例;门静脉-下腔静脉分流术1例;附脐静脉-颈内静脉分流术2例;门奇静脉断流术3例;脾切除、门奇静脉断流术1例;乙状结肠暂时性造瘘,6个月后闭瘘1例;大部分小肠切除术1例;经股动脉插管溶栓4例;未行手术2例,仅给予护肝及对症治疗。结果44例患者随访2个月～5年,平均23.4个月,1例未手术者失访。34例行分流手术治疗的患者术后脾功能亢进症状消失,未再发生上消化道出血;行断流术者术后13个月及2年因再次出血行肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流术2例;断流术后8个月因再次出血死亡1例;溶栓治疗后40d因肠坏死死亡1例,1例未手术的患儿出院4个月后再次出现黑便经保守治疗好转。结论肝前型门静脉高压症的治疗以降低门静脉压力为主,各种分流手术及肠系膜上动脉和（或）脾动脉置管溶栓安全有效,但需根据个体情况施行。     

选择性和非选择性分流术治疗食道静脉曲张出血

本文分析美国加州UCLA医院103例食道静脉曲张反复出血者的治疗经验。其中91例作手术治疗:选择性分流术(选择组)58例,55例为远端脾肾静脉分流加完全性门奇静脉断流术,3例为远端脾腔静脉分流术;非选择性分流术(非选择组)25例,4例为端侧门腔,     

选择性分流术在门静脉高压症外科治疗中的应用

上消化道出血是门静脉高压症患者最严重的并发症 ,一旦发生大出血 ,死亡率高达 30 %～ 5 0 %。如未能及时、合理治疗 ,常在 6周内又复发大出血 ,死亡率又将增加 2 0 %～ 30 %。目前 ,外科手术仍是其主要治疗手段。手术方法主要有分流术和断流术两大类。分流术有全门体分流术、部分门体分流术和选择性分流术三类。而选择性分流术包括远端脾肾分流术 (Ｗａｒｒｅｎ手术 )、远端脾腔分流术和胃冠状静脉 腔静脉分流术 (冠腔分流术 )等。选择性分流术的理论依据 :①传统的门体分流术能有效地防治食管胃底曲张静脉出血 ,但术后肝性脑病发病率高 ;…     

附加部分断流的胃左静脉腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症

对4例门静脉高压症上消化道出血患者实施附加断流的胃左静脉腔静脉分流术的资料进行回顾性分析，结果示4例患者无手术死亡及近期再出血者，随访5～10年，无再出血及死亡者，生活质量良好。提示附加断流的胃左静脉腔静脉分流术，能有效降低胃脾区的静脉压力，且能保证门静脉的向肝血供，是治疗门静脉高压症的一种理想的术式。     

改良脾腔分流联合断流术在门静脉高压症治疗中的作用

目的 探讨改良脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的安全性及疗效. 方法 回顾性分析135例接受脾切除、贲门周围血管离断联合脾腔静脉分流术的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料. 结果 135患者手术全部成功,围术期死亡率2.2％( 3/135).110例获得随访,时间9月～12年,再出血率5.5％ (6/110),肝性脑病发生率6.4％(7/110),自由门静脉压力由术前的(36.9±3.2)cmH2O,下降至(32.0±1.5) cmH2O,差异显著(P＜0.01). 结论 脾腔分流联合断流术安全有效,是外科治疗门静脉高压症的优先选择之一.     

脾腔分流加断流术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血

目的　观察脾腔分流加断流联合手术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的疗效。方法　回顾性总结此术式治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血56例的疗效。结果　手术死亡率为36%,术后近期无出血。远期再出血率41%。肝性脑病发生率为20%。术后1,3,5,10年生存率分别为981%,939%,825%,667%。结论　脾腔分流加断流术,既保留了断流术的优点,又降低了门静脉压力,特别对门静脉高压性胃病出血有较好疗效,并能保持一定量的门静脉向肝血流,有利于肝功能的恢复。     

Effect of distal splenocaval shunt on splanchnic hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension]

Measurements of portal pressure and angiography were done to evaluate the hemodynamic changes after a distal splenocaval shunt (DSCS) in 25 patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. It was demonstrated that the portal pressure and portal perfusion were maintained in these patients in the early postshunting stage compared with the preshunting stage. Moreover, the diameter of the hepatic arteries increased following shunt, suggesting an increment in hepatic arterial flow. These hemodynamic effects probably contribute to the highly satisfactory outcomes in appropriately selected patients. The findings indicate that DSCS is effective and safe in the treatment of portal hypertension.     

门静脉高压症治疗的50年回顾

目的：探讨门静脉高压症的外科治疗。方法：我院50年共收治门静脉高压症939例，分别行脾切除236例，脾腔分流术151例，脾切除＋肠系膜上静脉上静脉下腔静脉吻合术71例，脾肾静脉吻合术42例，肠系膜下静脉下腔静脉吻合术2例，贲门胃底血管离断术409例，胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术28例。术后随访2年、5年，并行上消化道钡餐透视。结果：比较脾腔分流术、贲门胃底血管离断术及胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术的远期效果：脾腔分流术的2年、5年绝对生存率分别为81．6％、56．1％，再出血率4．3％。贲门周围胃底血管离断术的2年绝对生存率为78．7％，再出血率8．0％；5年绝对生存率为74．8％，再出血率为12．4％。胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术的即时止血效果达到100％，术后2年再出血率为率28．6％，死亡率14．3％，术后5年生存率为14．3％。结论：Child分级B级，特别是已发生过大出血的病人，可选择贲门周围胃底血管离断术。ChildC级、有严重黄疸、腹水，发生大出血不宜手术治疗的病人，可行介入曲张血管栓塞术治疗。     

脾腔分流联合断流术后门静脉系统血栓形成的临床分析

目的 探讨脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症术后门静脉系统血栓形成的临床特征,为防治提供线索.方法 回顾性分析接受脾腔静脉分流联合断流术治疗的110例门静脉高压症病人及接受断流术的92例病人术后门静脉血栓形成、诊治以及继发消化道再出血情况,并比较两种术式对门静脉系统血栓形成的影响.结果 联合手术组术后门静脉系统血栓发生率10.O%,再出血率3.6%,低于断流组的22.8%(P<0.05)和10.8%(P<0.05).结论 脾腔静脉分流联合断流术是减少门静脉系统血栓形成的理想术式,术后早期抗凝治疗对预防血栓形成具有重要意义.     

门静脉高压症术后再出血的外科治疗

目的 评价外科治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血各种术式的疗效。方法 回顾30年外科治疗门静脉高压373例中术后再出血66斧正临床资料。其中首次手术方式分别有单纯脾切除术、门奇静脉断流术、各类非选择性分流术、联合手术（断流加分流）,术后再出血率分别为26.67%、17.86%、14.58%和4.35%,再手术组55例中食管下段胃底切除42例,肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流（MCS）11例,再断流2例,非手术组11例。结果 食管下段胃底切除组手术死亡率9.52%(4/42),随访平均11年,再出血率9.52%(4.42),脑病发生率14.29%(6/42);再断流组2例术后1个月内死亡;MCS组11例无手术死亡,随访平均7.5年,无再出血,脑病发生率9.09%（1/11）;非手术组11例均为门静脉高压性胃病（PHG）。结论 联合手术能有效减少门静脉高压术后再出血,MCS是目前治疗再出血较理想的手术方式。     

Graft interposition splenocaval shunt for total or selective decompression of portal hypertension

A new operation for selective or total decompression of the portal venous system in cases of intrahepatic portal hypertension is described. It involves interposition of a large-caliber Dacron graft between the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava. The graft-interposition splenocaval shunt is performed readily and quickly, satisfying the variable hemodynamic needs of patients with portal hypertension. It can be either selective (S-SCS) or total (T-SCS) from the beginning, or a T-SCS may be converted subsequently to a S-SCS should surgically induced hepatic decompensation supervene. It is less demanding technically than distal splenorenal shunt (D-SRS). The S-SCS conserves portal venous perfusion of the liver, preserves hepatocellular function and architecture at the preoperative levels, avoids precipitation of postshunt portal-systemic encephalopathy, and decompresses gastric-esophageal varices with prevention of further variceal bleeding even better than D-SRS. One hundred percent graft patency has been obtained, and the surgical results have been superior to those following portacaval shunt in patients with large liver blood flow and relative benignity of the liver disease, be it cirrhosis or noncirrhotic portal fibrosis. In patients with advanced cirrhosis, variceal bleeding, and small liver blood flows, T-SCS would be indicated. Patients of this category obtained inferior surgical results and had operative deaths (16.7%) following S-SCS. The concept of the operation has merits and deserves further evaluation.     

Selective distal splenorenal shunt versus side-to-side portacaval shunt. Clinical results of a prospective, controlled study

A prospective, controlled study comparing the clinical results of the selective distal splenorenal shunt procedure and the side-to-side portacaval shunt procedure was undertaken in 1980. Ninety-three cirrhotic patients with previous episodes of bleeding from esophageal varices underwent a distal splenorenal shunt procedure (47 patients). The operative mortality rate was 2 percent in both groups. The intraoperative decrease of portal hypertension after the portacaval shunt procedure was higher than after the distal splenorenal shunt procedure (p less than 0.05), and in those with patent shunts, there was a 0 percent incidence of early variceal rebleeding after the portacaval shunt procedure compared with a 9 percent incidence after the distal splenorenal shunt procedure (p less than 0.05). Both shunts, however, had similarly satisfactory results in preventing long-term variceal rebleeding (portacaval shunt 2 percent and distal splenorenal shunt 0 percent). Postoperative ascites was more common after the distal splenorenal shunt procedure (58 percent versus 24 percent; p less than 0.01). Analysis of actuarial survival curves showed no difference between the two procedures. The incidences of long-term episodes of chronic encephalopathy were not statistically different after both procedures. The only three instances of severe encephalopathy occurred in patients with the portacaval shunt (p less than 0.05). The distal splenorenal shunt also seemed to have a less negative effect on postoperative liver function than the portacaval shunt. These data suggest that the selective shunt should be viewed as a first choice strategy in the treatment of portal hypertension.     

Role of the distal splenorenal shunt in management of variceal bleeding in Latin America

In the early 1970s, we began to perform selective shunts on a regular basis for the treatment of portal hypertension. In a 15-year period, 177 patients (155 with liver cirrhosis) were treated with 3 kinds of selective shunts: the Warren shunt (128 patients) the end-to-end splenorenal shunt (29 patients), and the splenocaval shunt (20 patients). One hundred sixty-seven of the procedures were elective. Operative mortality was 14%, and survival for the Child's class A group was 75% at 1 year, 69% at 5 years, and 65% at 15 years. Incapacitating encephalopathy was observed in 7% of the patients, rebleeding in 6%, and shunt thrombosis in 6%. Postoperative portal vein alterations included reduced venous diameter (13%) and thrombosis (21%). Experience with the Warren shunt in schistosomiasis, a disease in which normal liver function is the rule in Latin American countries, is discussed. We believe that, when feasible, the selective shunts are the treatment of choice for portal hypertension in Latin American countries.     

联合断流和分流术治疗门静脉高压症(附180例分析)

目的 探讨联合断流和分流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床效果.方法 对1990年5月至2010年5月采用联合断流和分流手术治疗180例门静脉高压症的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术前自由门静脉压力(FPP)平均为34 cm H2O;脾切除、脾腔或肠腔分流术后FPP下降10 cmH2O;手术后FPP平均为24.5 cm H2O....