鼻内镜下视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视神经损伤的疗效观察

目的 探讨鼻内镜下视神经管减压术治疗管段视神经损伤的可行性及疗效.方法 鼻内镜下经鼻腔筛、蝶窦行视神经管减压术治疗视神经外伤8例(8眼),其中30～60 cm指数2眼,眼前手动1眼,光感1眼,无光感4眼.结果 术后随访4～32个月,术前有残余视力的4例患者术后视力分别改善到0.1,0.2,50cm,30 cm指数,术前视力无光感的4例患者术后1例有光感,无一例发生严重并发症.结论 鼻内镜下行视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视神经损伤创伤小,面部无切口瘢痕,患者易接受.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2007,7377-378)     

外伤性视神经病变经鼻内镜下视神经管减压及综合治疗

目的 回顾外伤性视神经病变经鼻内镜下视神经管减压合并药物治疗的结果,探讨手术适应证.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象2006年～2010年北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的外伤性视神经病变患者69例（69眼）.方法 患者术前均行视神经管CT检查,除外严重颅脑外伤合并症,行鼻内镜下经筛、蝶窦视神经管减压术,同时给予围手术期激素冲击、营养神经及扩张血管等综合药物治疗.主要指标手术后视力.结果 59例（85.5%）术前CT扫描显示视神经管骨折.67例（97.1%）行视神经管减压术,其中因鞘膜水肿或鞘膜下积血切开神经鞘2例 1例放弃手术 另1例视力自行恢复出院.随诊2～44个月,术后视力改善30例（44.8%）,其中从无光感到有光感18例,视力大于0.1者9例.结论 经鼻内镜视神经管减压联合药物治疗是目前治疗外伤性视神经病变的推荐方法之一,在除外手术禁忌的情况下,应积极手术并结合药物治疗,挽救视力.     

CT三维重建和导航下内镜视神经管减压的解剖学研究

目的 为CT三维重建和导航下内镜视神经管减压手术提供解剖学依据.方法 实验研究.对8例(16侧)成人湿性尸头视神经管及其重要毗邻结构进行解剖和测量,比较分析内镜下CT三维重建和导航定位的视神经管结构与实体解剖下视神经管结构的差异.采用配对t检验.结果 内镜下视神经管隆起、颈内动脉隆起和视神经-颈内动脉隐窝出现率分别为62.5％、75％和75％,与实体解剖结果完全吻合.内镜下视神经管眶口内壁中点到鼻小柱基底前缘的距离为(71.19±4.00)mm、视神经管颅口内壁中点到鼻小柱基底前缘的距离为(79.69±3.65)mm、视神经管内侧壁长度为(10.00±1.71)mm、视神经管眶口直径为(4.46±0.56)mm、视神经管颅口直径为(4.71±0.42)mm,与实体解剖测量结果比较差异无统计学意义.结论 CT三维重建和导航技术可以准确定位视神经管,为安全有效的内镜视神经管减压手术提供保障.     

多排螺旋CT三维重建对视神经管骨折的诊断价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT对视神经管骨折的诊断价值。方法对58例眼部外伤的病人行螺旋CT扫描，并进行三维重建。结果58例病人中，均伴不同程度的眼眶骨折，合并视经管骨折8例，其中视神经管内壁骨折4例，内壁为蝶窦壁3例，筛窦壁1例，外壁骨折3例，上壁骨折1例，通过三维重建可清晰地显示骨折线，骨重建显示准确，多平面重建定位好，3D重建显示骨折直观、立体。结论多排螺旋CT三维重建对视神经管骨折显示清晰，定位准确，对临床论断及治疗提供充分的依据。     

经鼻内镜视神经管减压术联合复方樟柳碱治疗外伤性视神经损伤临床研究

目的观察经鼻内镜下视神经管减压术联合复方樟柳碱注射液患侧颞浅动脉旁皮下注射治疗外伤性视神经损伤的疗效。方法外伤性视神经损伤63铡（63只眼）,随机分成经鼻内镜视神经管减压术联合复方樟柳碱患侧颞浅动脉旁皮下注射组（治疗组）03只跟,单纯视神经管减压术组（对照组）30只眼。全部患者均给予血管扩张药物和神经营养药物,急性期给予大剂量皮质类固醇、甘露醇。结果疗效的主要观察指标是视力。治疗组有效率78．79％,对照组有效率50％。两组比较显示：经鼻内镜视神经管减压术联合复方樟柳碱组疗效明显优于对照组,差异有显著性（χ^2=5．48,P〈0．05）。结论经鼻内镜视神经管减压术联合复方樟柳碱注射液患侧颞浅动脉旁皮下注射治疗外伤性视神经损伤是一种可供选择的、患者易接受的、创伤小、并发症及毒副作用少的有效治疗手段。     

视神经管外伤的经鼻窦视神经管减压治疗

本文报导两例经鼻窦入路进行视神经管减压治疗视神经管外伤,其方法是:经鼻外筛窦—蝶窦及经上颌窦—筛窦—蝶窦入路。术后2～4个月视力都增进到0.3—0.5,文中对视神经管外伤诊断,视神经管减压手术治疗进行了讨论,认为经鼻窦减压较简单、安全、易为病人接受。     

鼻内镜诊治蝶窦病变

目的提高对蝶窦病变症状和诊断的准确率以及对鼻内镜手术治疗该病优越性的认识.方法分析15例蝶窦病变的临床表现及内镜手术的效果.结果蝶窦霉菌4例,囊肿3例,炎症5例,均1次治愈.蝶窦乳头状瘤1例,随访中;蝶窦自发性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤1例,因行鼻内镜微创手术避免了死亡;蝶窦、后组筛窦低分化鳞癌在鼻内镜下获得精确取检确诊.结论蝶窦病变经CT和MRI等高清晰度的影像学检查可获明确诊断,鼻内镜手术对蝶窦病变治疗有其优越性.     

鼻内镜下视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视神经病变

目的探讨鼻内镜下视神经管减压术对外伤性视神经病变的疗效及预后相关因素。方法分析10例(10眼)鼻内镜下视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视神经病变的临床特征及治疗效果。10例术前CT资料显示眶部无明显骨折者4例,眶前部骨折5例,眶后部骨折仅1例;术前无光感者7例,有部分视力者3例。结果术后随访6个月,7例无光感者术后视力无改善者5例,3例有部分视力者术后视力有不同程度提高;4例眶部无明显骨折者2例视力有不同程度改善,5例眶前部骨折者3例不同程度改善,而1例眶后部骨折者术后视力无改善。无手术并发症。结论外伤性视神经病变预后因素可能包括眶部有无骨折、视力受损程度、接受治疗的措施及时间等;鼻内镜下视神经管减压术是目前治疗外伤性视神经病变的一种微创、有效的手段之一。     

鼻内和眶内进路视神经管减压术临床对比观察

目的探讨和比较鼻内和鼻外两种进路视神经管减压术临床疗效。方法视神经外伤32例（32眼）。采用经鼻外眶内侧进路筛蝶窦视神经管减压术20例,经鼻内镜鼻内筛蝶窦进路视神经管减压术12例。结果眶内组20例中有12例（60％）术后视力有不同程度提高,分别从术前的无光感提高到术后的0．06,光感到0．08～0．15,手动到0．12～0．15,数指到0．2,0．02到0．2,0．03到0．15。鼻内组12例中有9例（75％）术后视力有明显提高,分别从术前的无光感到术后的0．25,光感到0．2～0．25,手动到0．2—0．3,0．02到0．3。按Wileoxon统计法,P〈0．05。结论本组鼻内进路视神经管减压术临床效果优于眶内进路,认为鼻内窥镜下视神经管减压术有较好疗效。     

经鼻内镜视神经减压术的巡回配合

目的:探讨经鼻内镜视神经减压术的巡回配合体会。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月至2019年9月中山大学中山眼科中心23例经鼻内镜视神经减压患者的术前、术中、术后巡回配合及观察护理效果。结果:23例患者经手术治疗,1个月后随访治疗有效率为73.9%,患者均未发生严重并发症。结论:在经鼻内镜视神经减压术前做好充分的术前准备,予精准的巡回配合、严格执行护理规范,加强体位管理,预防并发症,有助于提高手术完成率。     

视神经损伤鼻内窥镜下视神经管减压术

目的 分析间接性视神经损伤的特点以及鼻内窥镜下视神经管减压术的手术方法。方法 介绍1998－1999年我院施行鼻内窥镜下视神经管减压术6例（6眼），比较手术前后的视力、瞳孔变化。结果 6例术后均维持和提高视力，肯定鼻内窥镜下视神经管减压术能改善间接损伤的视神经功能。结论 鼻内窥镜下视神经管减压术优于其他手术进路的视神经管减压术，避免诸多并发症及其危险。     

视神经外伤经颅视神经管减压术的效果分析

目的分析经颅显微视神经减压术治疗视神经外伤的效果。方法回顾性分析27例经颅显微视神经减压术的手术的时机,效果及影响疗效的相关因素。结果无光感患者13,手术有效率23．1％,视力为光感者11例,有效率63．6％;眼前手动者3例,均有效。总有效率48．1％。无手术并发症。有效患者均为2周内手术病例。结论单纯视神经受压,尚有光感以上视力的患者,早期、充分视神经减压术疗效确切。     

视神经管段损伤的经鼻内窥镜下视神经减压术(附4例报告)

目的 对治疗视神经管段损伤的新方法进行探讨。方法 ４例进行经鼻内窥镜下视神经减压手术。结果 １例由无光感转为０．１以上,１例由光感转为０．２,１例由不足０．１转为０．３以上,１例无效。结论 经鼻内窥镜下视神经减压手术创伤小,并发症少,不影响美观,为治疗视神经外伤的一种新的较好的治疗方法。     

Optic canal decompression: a cadaveric study of the effects of surgery

PURPOSE: To simulate a transphenoidal medial optic canal decompression and determine the anatomic effect on the optic nerve. METHODS: A medial optic canal decompression was performed on 5 cadaveric optic canals within 12 hours of death. Two canals were decompressed under direct visualization and 3 were decompressed by a transphenoidal endoscopic approach. The optic canal was subsequently removed en bloc, beginning at the annulus of Zinn and extending to the optic chiasm. Each specimen was processed and examined grossly. Serial coronal step sections of the entire length of the intracanalicular optic nerve were assessed histologically. RESULTS: Microscopic examination of the intracanalicular portion of optic nerve revealed incision in an extraocular muscle at the annulus, incomplete bone removal, fraying of the dural sheath, incomplete dural/arachnoid release, and incision in the pia and optic nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Transphenoidal medial wall decompression of the optic nerve canal with dural sheath opening may induce physical damage to the nerve. Any hypothetical value in dural-arachnoid sheath opening must be weighed against the potential for harm to the optic nerve caused by the surgical intervention.     

Decompression operations on the optic nerve in glaucoma

The authors give theoretical grounds and experimental validation for surgery on the optic nerve to eliminate its atrophic changes in glaucoma. They suggest a technique of the direct intervention at the site of the optic disk, approaching it from the side of the eye cavity. A method for the optic nerve decompression at the site of its stem portion via an extraocular approach is suggested. Experimental studies have demonstrated the possibility of enlarging the volume of the optic nerve scleral canal by discission of its narrowest section, the scleral ring; this operation essentially decreases twisting and deformation of the nerve fibers and main vessels of the retina. Clinical results of decompression surgery in 32 patients with far-progressed glaucoma are analyzed. Improvement of the visual function and stabilization of the glaucomatous process were observed in all the patients both in the immediate and late postoperative periods. The retinal and optic nerve blood microcirculation were found to improve after the suggested decompression surgery.     

Management of traumatic optic neuropathy--a study of 23 patients.

Twenty three patients with traumatic optic neuropathy were managed by medical and surgical treatment as follows. High dose intravenous steroids were initiated in all patients. If visions did not improve significantly after 24 to 48 hours decompression of an optic nerve sheath haematoma by medial orbitotomy and neurosurgical decompression of the optic canal were considered based on computed tomographic scan findings. Nine of 16 patients who received steroids only showed significant improvement. One of three showed improvement on optic nerve decompression after steroid failure; three or four showed improvement on optic nerve decompression after steroid failure; three or four showed improvement with combined optic nerve sheath decompression by the medial orbitotomy and decompression of the optic canal by frontal craniotomy. A lucid interval of vision after injury and an enlarged optic nerve sheath were associated with an improved prognosis. Five of the 23 patients had a lucid interval and all five had a final improved vision, while only five of 18 patients without a lucid interval improved. Similarly seven of the nine with an enlarged optic nerve sheath showed improvement while only three of 10 patients (three bilateral cases) who presented with no light perception improved with medical and surgical treatment. While a prospective controlled study of the management of traumatic optic neuropathy is necessary this preliminary study suggests that treatment of traumatic optic nerve sheath haematoma by optic nerve sheath decompression should be considered in selected patients.     

Dynamic 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of a metallic retrobulbar foreign body for diagnostic and surgical purposes. [Case report of orbital injury with ethmoid bone involvement

The main goal of our dynamic 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of a metallic retrobulbar foreign body following orbital injury with ethmoid bone involvement was to use 3D-information obtained from standard computed tomography (CT) data to explore and evaluate the nasal cavity, ethmoidal sinuses, retrobulbar region, and the foreign body itself by simulated dynamic computed visualization of the human head. A foreign body, 10 x 30 mm in size, partially protruded into the posterior ethmoidal cells and partially into the orbit, causing dislocation and compression of the medial rectus muscle and inferior rectus muscle. The other muscles and the optic nerve were intact. Various steps were taken to further the ultimate diagnosis and surgery. Thin CT sections of the nasal cavity, orbit and paranasal sinuses were made on a conventional CT device at a regional medical center, CT scans were transmitted via a computer network to different locations, and special views very similar to those seen on standard endoscopy were created. Special software for 3D modeling, specially designed and modified for 3D C-FESS purposes, was used, as well as a 3D-digitizer connected to the computer and multimedia navigation through the computer during 3D C-FESS. Our approach achieves the visualization of very delicate anatomical structures within the orbit in unconventional (non-standard) sections and angles of viewing, which cannot be obtained by standard endoscopy or 2D CT scanning. Finally, virtual endoscopy (VE) or a 'computed journey' through the anatomical spaces of the paranasal sinuses and orbit substantially improves the 3D C-FESS procedure by simulating the surgical procedure prior to real surgery.