Rotavirus vaccine studies in Europe

Following the discovery and recognition of rotavirus as an important human enteropathogen, work towards the development of rotavirus vaccines was begun in the USA and Europe. The first candidate rotavirus vaccine was launched by SmithKline-RIT, Belgium, and studied in clinical trials in Finland, Yugoslavia, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and the UK. Efficacy trials in Finland of RIT 4237 strain live oral bovine rotavirus vaccine resulted in some fundamental findings about rotavirus immunity in humans: protection against disease rather than infection; better protection against severe than mild disease and heterotypic rather than homotypic protection. Another bovine rotavirus vaccine, strain WC-3, was studied briefly in France. Also studies of rhesus rotavirus vaccine were started early in Europe, and efficacy studies were carried out in Finland and Sweden. Recently, rhesus-human re-assortant tetravalent (RRV-TV) rotavirus vaccine was tested in a field trial in Finland this study was pivotal for the registration of the vaccine in the USA and European Union countries. Despite extensive experience with rotavirus vaccines in Europe, the need for such vaccines in many European countries still requires further assessment.     

Rotavirus vaccine studies in Europe

Following the discovery and recognition of rotavirus as an important human enteropathogen, work towards the development of rotvirus vaccines was begun in the USA and Europe. The first candidate rotavirus vaccine was launched by Smith Kline-RIT, Belgium, and studied in clinical trials in Finland, Yugoslavia, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and the UK. Efficacy trials in Finland of RIT 4237 strain live oral bovine rotavirus vaccine resulted in some fundamental findings about rotavirus immunity in humans: protection against disease rather than infection; better protection against severe than mild disease and heterotypic rather than homotypic protection. Another bovine rotavirus vaccine, strain WC-3, was studied briefly in France. Also studies of rhesus rotavirus vaccine were started early in Europe, and efficacy studies were carried out in Finland and Sweden. Recently, rhesus-human re-assortant tetravalent (RRV-TV) rotavirus vaccine was tested in a field trial in Finland this study was pivotal for the registration of the vaccine in the USA and European Union countries. Despite extensive experience with rotavirus vaccines in Europe, the need for such vaccines in many European countries still requires further assessment. □ Bovine rotavirus, rhesus rotavirus, rotavirus vaccine     

中国轮状病毒分子流行病学及疫苗保护效率研究进展

轮状病毒是导致我国儿童急性腹泻的重要病原之一,给我国带来沉重的疾病负担及经济负担。目前发展疫苗是控制和预防轮状病毒感染的重要有效手段。由于不同的疫苗针对不同的流行株有不同的保护效率,而轮状病毒在我国具有丰富、多样复杂的分子流行病学特征,因此有必要监测其流行情况,并探讨疫苗在我国的推广价值。文章分析我国轮状病毒的分子流行病学现况及目前我国市场使用的轮状病毒保护效率,以进一步探讨轮状病毒疫苗在我国推广使用的价值。     

Rhesus Rotavirus candidate vaccine. Clinical trial in children vaccinated between 2 and 5 months of age

Live attenuated oral rhesus Rotavirus candidate vaccine (strain MMU 18006 [lot RRV-1]) was evaluated for immunogenicity, safety, and clinical protection in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 200 infants aged 2 to 5 months when vaccinated. Vaccine-induced fourfold or greater rise of Rotavirus antibodies was seen in 62% of the infants. Febrile reactions of short duration on days 3 and/or 4 after vaccination occurred in 26% of the vaccine recipients. The clinical follow-up covered two Rotavirus seasons, in which serotypes 1 and 4 were prevalent. There were 16 cases of confirmed Rotavirus diarrhea in the placebo-treated group and 10 in the vaccine-treated group; from this a vaccine protection rate of 38% was derived. Clinical severity of Rotavirus diarrhea was assessed by a score; 13 cases in the placebo-treated group and 5 in the vaccine-treated group were regarded as severe or moderately severe, giving a vaccine protection rate of 67%. The rhesus Rotavirus vaccine induces partial protection against heterotypic Rotavirus disease, but the level of protection achieved with the present vaccine dose in this age group appears to be insufficient for a general Rotavirus vaccination.