导管射频消融治疗难治性右室流出道室性早搏的护理

近年来,导管射频消融（radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA）治疗特发性室性心动过速的技术已日趋成熟,但是有关RFCA治疗室性早搏的报道不多,尚存在争议。目前对引起明显症状并可能导致各种不良反应的室性早搏,仍以药物治疗为主。我科自1996年1月至2004年5月对55例药物治疗无效的右室流出道（right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT）室性早搏患者进行RFCA治疗,取得了满意效果。     

单导管法射频消融右室流出道室性早搏

右室流出道室性早搏大多属于良性早搏,对无症状者不必治疗,仅需治疗原发病。而对于有症状的频发右室流出道室性早搏是否需要射频消融治疗目前尚无统一认识,但多家报道射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏均取得了良好的效果[1-6]。而我院采取单导管法,即仅用1根大头电极,而不插入冠     

单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏的护理

目的 探讨单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏的疗效及护理经验.方法 回顾分析97例右室流出道患者经单导管射频消融治疗的临床资料,总结术前准备、术中护理配合及术后护理要点.结果 97例患者中91例1次消融成功,进行第2次手术的6例患者5例成功,其中1例患者术中发生室颤,经300 J电击转复为窦性心律;14例患者发生迷走反射,经对症处理后缓解.结论 单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏疗效好、并发症少,护理措施得当.     

单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏的护理

目的 探讨单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏的疗效及护理经验.方法 回顾分析97例右室流出道患者经单导管射频消融治疗的临床资料,总结术前准备、术中护理配合及术后护理要点.结果 97例患者中91例1次消融成功,进行第2次手术的6例患者5例成功,其中1例患者术中发生室颤,经300 J电击转复为窦性心律;14例患者发生迷走反射,经对症处理后缓解.结论 单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏疗效好、并发症少,护理措施得当.     

导管法消融右室流出道室性早搏伴左心室增大30例5年随访观察

目的探讨导管法消融右室流出道室性早搏伴左心室增大患者的疗效。方法对30例右室流出道室性早搏伴左心室增大的患者进行导管法射频消融(Radiofrequency cathter ablation,RFCA)治疗。术前常规完成心脏超声检查,成功消融术后5年每年随访超声心动图(ultrasound echocardiography,UCG)及动态心电图(Dynamic Electrocardiogram,DCG,又称Hol-ter)。结果 30例患者即刻成功者20例,远期成功8例,无效者2例。术后1年随访20例即刻成功者,UCG结果提示18例患者左室舒张末期内径已在正常值范围内,与自身相比缩小值在3～7 mm以上;随访至第2、3、4、5年,UCG结果无明显变化。另2例患者心脏大小虽未达到正常值范围,但与自身相比较亦有相应缩小。8例远期成功者临床症状也有明显改善。结论导管法消融治疗右室流出道室早伴左心室增大具有良好临床疗效。     

经导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性期前收缩

目的　评价经导管射频消融治疗单形性右室流出道室性期前收缩的有效性和安全性。方法　采用射频导管消融术对 4 2例症状严重的正常心脏单形性右室流出道室性期前收缩进行治疗 ,男 2 8例 ,女 14例 ,年龄 (42 .2±7.8)岁。将消融电极送至右室流出道区域 ,采用起搏标测和激动顺序标测 ,前者以起搏时与室性期前收缩QRS波形态完全相同为消融靶点 ,后者以室性期前收缩时最早心室激动点为消融靶点。 4 2例室性期前收缩全部起源于右室流出道 ,呈左束支阻滞图形 ,其中 36例起源于右室流出道间隔部 ,6例起源于右室流出道游离壁。以室性期前收缩在放电后 10秒内消失 ,并维持窦性心律 30～ 6 0min为即刻成功标准。结果　消融即刻成功率为 90 .5 % (38/ 4 2 ) ,其中右室流出道间隔部 94 .4 % (34/ 36 ) ,游离壁 6 6 .7% (4/ 6 )。 2 0例患者 2 4小时动态心电图记录消融前后室性期前收缩数分别为 (2 0 80 0± 10 4 0 )次 / 2 4h和 (110± 12 0 )次 / 2 4h(P <0 .0 0 1)。 1例患者消融术中出现室颤经电复律恢复窦性心律 ,其余无任何并发症。随访 4～ 16个月症状缓解率为 89.5 % (34/ 38) ,复发率为 5 .3% (2 / 38) ,均为右室流出道游离壁室性期前收缩。随访期间亦无并发症。结论　经导管射频消融可有效地治疗症状重、药     

右前间隔显性旁道的自右室流出道射频消融术

目的:探讨经右心室流出道(right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT)射频消融(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)右前间隔显性旁道的可行性。方法:对42例右前间隔显性旁道伴房室折返性心动过速(atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia,AVRT)的患者采用RVOT标测及消融。结果:RFCA总成功率100%,随访2年无复发病例;平均X线曝光时间(15±5.4)min;无即刻及延后的P-R间期损伤。与三尖瓣环心房侧消融右前间隔显性旁道相比,总成功率高,复发率低,X线曝光时间短,损伤房室结的概率小。结论:经RVOT导管法消融治疗右前间隔显性旁道具有较高的安全性,技术上具有可行性。     

严重症状性室性早搏导管射频消融术后护理体会

室性过早收缩(PVC)又称室性早搏(室早),是最常见的心律失常之一,临床上无症状、无器质性心脏病的室早多不予抗心律失常治疗[1].然而对于有些症状严重、药物治疗效果不佳或拒绝长期服药的顽固性、频发性室早患者,采用导管射频消融治疗(RFCA)是可取的选择[2].江苏省常州市第二人民医院心内科对18例严重症状性PVC患者实施导管射频消融治疗,取得满意疗效.     

严重症状性室性早搏导管射频消融术后护理体会

室性过早收缩（PVC）又称室性早搏（室早），是最常见的心律失常之一，临床上无症状、无器质性心脏病的室早多不予抗心律失常治疗。然而对于有些症状严重、药物治疗效果不佳或拒绝长期服药的顽固性、频发性室早患者，采用导管射频消融治疗（RFCA）是可取的选择。江苏省常州市第二人民医院心内科对18例严重症状性PVC患者实施导管射频消融治疗，取得满意疗效。     

频发右心室流出道室性期前收缩对右心室流出道结构影响的研究

目的 探讨右心室流出道(RVOT)起源频发室性期前收缩对RVOT结构的影响.方法 选取2009～2011年行射频消融治疗的频发RVOT起源室性期前收缩患者30例,分析其心电图特征、动态心电图、心脏彩色超声结果及术中精确定位,分析室性期前收缩对RVOT结构的影响.结果 射频消融术前RVOT直径为(31.76±3.33)mm,术后6个月为(30.93±2.68)mm(P＜0.01);相关性分析显示:RVOT直径与室性期前收缩负荷呈正相关(r=0.484,P＜0.05).RVOT间隔部来源室性期前收缩QRS时限为(157.69±18.33) ms,游离壁来源室性期前收缩QRS时限为(179.23±16.05)ms(P＜0.01),QRS时限与来源部位相关(r=0.566,P＜0.01).室性期前收缩QRS时限与RVOT直径无相关性(r=0.097,P＞0.05).结论 RVOT来源室性期前收缩经射频消融治疗后,RVOT直径有减小的趋势,其与室性期前收缩负荷呈正相关,与室性期前收缩形态无相关性.     

左室流出道室性心律失常的射频消融治疗

目的 探讨起源于左室流出道少见部位的室性心动过速和/或频发室性早搏的心电图特点和射频消融治疗.方法 3例左室流出道室速和/或室早患者,术中进行激动和起搏标测,同时结合冠状动脉造影或三维电解剖标测系统(CARTO)定位.结果 3例患者中2例体表心电图特点类似右室流出道间隔部室速及室早,经腔内电生理证实起源于主动脉根部右冠窦内.1例起源于主动脉瓣-二尖瓣连接区(AMC),该部位室速及室早特有的典型心电图表现为II、III、aVF及所有胸前导联QRS波均呈R形.3例患者消融后观察2~24个月,均无复发.结论 右冠窦和AMC是左室流出道室速和/或室早的少见特殊起源部位,根据体表心电图形态,结合多种腔内标测技术及冠脉造影,能进行准确定位及成功消融.     

Role of the notched unipolar electrogram in guiding catheter ablation of frequent premature ventricular contractions originating from the ventricular outflow tract

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of a notched unipolar electrogram (N-uniEGM) in confirming the origin of premature ventricular contractions originating from the ventricular outflow tract (VOT-PVC) during mapping and ablation procedures.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients with symptomatic idiopathic frequent VOT-PVCs that underwent radiofrequency ablation. The characteristics of the uniEGM of the successful ablation targets were analysed. N-uniEGM was defined as the uniEGM presenting a QS morphology with ≥1 steep notches on the downstroke deflection. All patients were followed-up for 3 months post-ablation.ResultsThe study enrolled 190 patients with a mean ± SD age of 49.0 ± 15.3 years. N-uniEGMs were recorded in 124 of 190 (65.3%) patients. The N-uniEGM distribution area was limited to a mean ± SD of 0.8 ± 0.4 cm². N-uniEGM showed consistency with the outcomes of activation mapping and pace mapping. Patients with an N-uniEGM had an ablation success rate of 98.4% (122 of 124) and their ablation times were significantly shorter than those without an N-uniEGM (7.6 ± 3.8 s versus 15.8 ± 8.8 s, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of N-uniEGM in predicting successful ablation of VOT-PVCs were 72.6% and 91.7%, respectively.ConclusionN-uniEGM was a highly specific and moderately sensitive predictor of successful radiofrequency ablation in patients with VOT-PVCs.     

Prevalence and characteristics of idiopathic outflow tract tachycardia with QRS alteration following catheter ablation requiring additional radiofrequency ablation at a different point in the outflow tract

Subtle variations in QRS morphology occurs during idiopathic outflow tract ventricular tachycardia (OTVT), but no studies have clarified the prevalence and characteristics of the OTVT with altered QRS morphology following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA), which then require an additional RF application at a different portion of the outflow tract to abolish OTVT. Of 202 patients with a monomorphic VT or premature ventricular contraction (PVC) originating from the outflow tract, 6 (3%) showed changes in QRS morphology in the OTVT following RFA, requiring an additional RF application to the outflow tract at a different portion. In all six patients, RFA was applied for the first or second OTVT to a right or left ventricular endocardial site, with the other site being the left sinus of Valsalva. In each patient, OTVT before or after the changes in QRS morphology had characteristic ECG findings originating from a particular portion of the outflow tract. Changes in QRS morphology consistently included an increase or decrease in R wave amplitude in all inferior leads. Detailed continuous observation of QRS morphology in OTVT, especially R wave amplitude in inferior leads, is important for identifying changes of QRS morphology during catheter ablation. Mapping and ablation at a different portion of the outflow tract is then needed for cure.     

Quality of life and cost for patients with premature ventricular contractions by radiofrequency catheter ablation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life (QoL), health-care resource utilization, and cost for the patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). METHODS: RFCA was performed in 58 patients with symptomatic PVCs that were refractory/easy to medication. A 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, QoL, health-care resources utilization, and cost were assessed at a screening visit and 3 and 12 months after RFCA. RESULTS: RFCA was successfully performed in 56 patients (96.6%). This resulted in a significant improvement in the QoL at 3 and 12 months after the procedure. There were no major complications related to the procedure. Nine patients (15.5%) had residual arrhythmia. Seven of them underwent repeated ablation with successful results. It also improved the QoL and reduced health-care resource utilization and cost. CONCLUSIONS: RFCA is a safe and effective treatment for PVCs, and it is a viable alternative to drugs in the presence of disabling symptoms.     

New simplified technique for 3D mapping and ablation of right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a circular multielectrode catheter for mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) mapping systems are commonly used for mapping and ablation of RVOT VT and PVCs. Newer catheters that are circular with multiple electrodes, such as the Lasso catheter, are capable of simultaneously recording from multiple points within a circumferential plane. Given the tubular structure of the RVOT, these catheters could be used for mapping tachycardias from the RVOT. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing radiofrequency (RF) ablation of RVOT VT or PVCs was performed. In group 1 (n = 7), mapping was performed with a single ablation catheter and fluoroscopy. In group 2 (n = 10), 3D mapping using ESI (n = 9) or CARTO (n = 1) was performed. In group 3 (n = 12), mapping was performed with a circular multielectrode catheter (n = 12). All ablations were performed with 4-mm tip catheters using RF energy. RESULTS: Catheter ablation for RVOT VT (n = 15) or PVCs (n = 14) was performed on 29 cases in 26 patients, 9 males. Mean age was 35.9 years. In groups 1, 2, and 3, the mean number of lesions was 17.7 +/- 7.7, 13.6 +/- 7.7, and 18.2 +/- 22.7 and the median number of lesions was 20, 13, and 5, respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of lesions, RF time, fluoroscopy time, procedure time, and acute success rate among the three techniques. There were three complications in group 2 and one in group 3. CONCLUSION: The use of a circular multielectrode catheter is as effective as the other standard available 3D mapping techniques, both in terms of procedural success and procedural characteristics. Additionally, because of the lower cost associated with using the circular multielectrode catheter approach, further evaluation should be performed to determine whether this is the most cost-effective approach to 3D mapping and ablation of RVOT tachycardias.     

右心室流出道室性心动过速的射频消融治疗

目的 评价射频消融治疗右心室流出道室性心动过速(室速)的有效性和安全性.方法 对37例右心室流出道室速患者进行射频消融治疗,观察其疗效及安奎性,并随访观察复发的情况.结果 37例右心室流出道室速经射频消融治疗成功33例,成功率为89.2%,复发2例,无严重的并发症.结论 射频消融治疗右心室流出道室速是一种安全有效的治疗手段.     

Carto-3指导下左心室分支性室性心律失常射频消融治疗

目的：探讨左心室分支起源的室性期前收缩(premature ventricular contraction,PVC)及左心室分支起源的室性心动过速(ventriculai tachycardia,VT)的心电生理特点及导管射频消融术的疗效。方法选取左心室分支起源的室性心律失常患者36例,其中 PVC 5例,VT 31例,在 Carto-3指导下行导管射频消融术治疗。结果5例PVC 患者射频消融成功率100%,31例 VT 患者中,2例患者术后复发,最终成功34例,成功率94.4%。结论 Carto-3指导下行分支性室性心律失常的射频消融治疗成功率高、并发症少、安全可靠。