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1.
Correlation of emotional labor and cortisol concentration in hair among female kindergarten teachers
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore whether two types of emotional labor, surface acting and deep acting, are related to hair cortisol concentration among kindergarten teachers.Methods
Surface acting and deep acting over the last month were measured with the Chinese version of the emotional labor scale in 43 kindergarten teachers. Hair samples with 1 cm in length were cut from their posterior vertex region to represent cortisol excretion over one month. Cortisol concentrations were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.Results
Positive association of emotion labor with hair cortisol concentration was significant for surface acting (r = 0.34, p < 0.05) and not significant for deep acting (r = 0.14, p > 0.05).Conclusions
More surface acting showed to be associated stronger with stress responses or higher HPA axis activity.2.
Jazmin A. Reyes-Portillo Erica M. Chin Josefina Toso-Salman J. Blake Turner David Vawdrey Laura Mufson 《Child & youth care forum》2018,47(3):391-402
Background
No study to date has examined the effectiveness of integrating clinical decision support tools, like electronic health record (EHR) alerts, into the clinical care of youth at-risk for suicide.Objective
This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of using an EHR alert to increase clinicians’ use of safety planning with youth at-risk for suicide in an outpatient pediatric psychiatry clinic serving an urban low-income Latino community.Methods
An alert intervention was developed to remind clinicians to complete a safety plan whenever they documented that their patient endorsed suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt during a visit in EHR notes. The alert appeared as a separate window containing a reminder message to complete a safety plan once a clinician finished visit documentation.Results
There were 69 at-risk patients between the ages of 13–21 in the intervention period (M = 15.71; SD = 1.86; 66.7% female) and 64 (M = 15.38; SD = 1.93; 68.6% female) in the control period. Logistic regression analyses indicated that patients in the intervention period were significantly more likely than patients in the control period to receive a safety plan (p < .01). The pattern of results remained the same after adjusting for demographic variables (p = .01). Forty clinicians also completed a questionnaire assessing their satisfaction with the EHR alert, indicating moderate satisfaction (M = 3.01; SD = 0.63; range = 1.11–4.11).Conclusions
EHR alerts are associated with changes in clinicians’ behavior and improved compliance with best clinical practices for at-risk youth.3.
Mustafa Turgut Yıldızgören Türkan Nadir Öziş Ali Erdem Baki Engin Tutkun Hınç Yılmaz Tülay Tiftik Timur Ekiz Neşe Özgirgin 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2016,21(3):149-153
Objective
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with silica exposure.Materials and methods
The study included 104 male subjects with silica exposure and 36 healthy subjects. Posterior–anterior radiographs were classified according to the International Labour Office (ILO) Classification. Category 0 patients were classified as Group I (n = 54), category I patients were classified as Group II (n = 25), Category II and III patients were classified as Group III (n = 25).Results
Femoral neck BMD values were significantly lower in Group III (p = 0.007). Lumbar vertebrae BMD values were significantly lower in all groups with silica exposure than in the control group (p = 0.000). The osteoporosis rate was significantly higher in Group III (p = 0.000). Subjects with silica exposure were determined to have diminished 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.012).Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrated that subjects with silica exposure have diminished BMD and 25(OH)D levels.4.
Guillaume Lamirault Elodie de Bock Véronique Sébille Béatrice Delasalle Jérôme Roncalli Sophie Susen Christophe Piot Jean-Noël Trochu Emmanuel Teiger Yannick Neuder Thierry Le Tourneau Alain Manrique Jean-Benoît Hardouin Patricia Lemarchand 《Quality of life research》2017,26(1):121-125
Purpose
Cardiac cell therapy is a promising treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), leading to cardiac function improvement. However, whether it translates into quality of life (QoL) improvement is unclear. We hypothesized that administration of bone marrow cells (BMC) to patients with AMI improves QoL.Methods
In the multicenter BONAMI trial (NCT00200707), patients with reperfused AMI and decreased myocardial viability were randomized to intracoronary autologous BMC infusion (n = 52) or state-of-the-art therapy (n = 49). QoL data, derived from the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLHFQ), were obtained 1, 3, and 12 months after AMI and analyzed using a Rasch-family model.Results
Using this model, QoL improved over time in the BMC group (p = 0.025) but not in the control group. Furthermore, the BMC-group patients displayed a better QoL than the control-group patients at 3 and 12 months post-AMI (p = 0.034 and p = 0.003, respectively). These findings were not detected when analyzing MLHFQ data using a standard method. Cardiac function, myocardial viability, mortality, and number of major adverse cardiac events did not differ between treatment groups.Conclusion
Our results suggest that BMC therapy can improve QoL, stressing the need for confirmation trials and for systematic QoL assessment in cardiac cell therapy trials .5.
Yong Cai Guoqiang Xing Tian Shen Shuxian Zhang Jianyu Rao Rong Shi 《Lipids in health and disease》2017,16(1):251
Backgrounds
Recent experiments suggest that Citrus bergamia extracts could benefit people with dyslipidemia and obesity but this needs to be further validated.Methods
A total of 98 people age-matched older adults (65 years) with elevated blood lipids were enrolled to receive 12-week supplementation of a Citrus bergamia extracts-based formulation (CitriCholess)(n?=?48) and placebo (n?=?50).Results
No group differences were found in baseline bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), blood cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose levels. CitriCholess supplementation resulted in lower levels than placebo in TG (1.83?±?0.92 vs. 1.95?±?1.34 mmol/L, P?=?0.612), TC (5.14?±?0.98 vs. 5.44?±?0.77 mmol/L, P?=?0.097), and LDL-C (3.13?±?0.74 vs. 3.43?±?0.62 mmol/L, P?=?0.032). Compared to placebo, CitriCholess also resulted in greater reductions in body weight (?0.604?±?0.939 vs. 0.06?±?0.74 kg, P?<?0.01), waist circumferences (?0.60?±?1.349 cm vs. -0.16?±?1.503 cm, P?<?0.01) and BMI (?0.207?±?0.357 vs. 0.025?±?0.274, P?<?0.01). Additionally, females had a significantly higher level of HDL-C than males. TC was significantly correlated with LDL-C, and to a less degree, with TG. TG was inversely correlated with HDL-C. Body weight and waist circumference were negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with glucose.Conclusion
12-week supplementation of CitriCholess could benefit lipid metabolism and weight management in old adults with dyslipidemia.6.
Lin Xiao Yulin Gao Lili Zhang Peiyun Chen Xiaojia Sun Siyuan Tang 《Quality of life research》2016,25(11):2825-2832
Background
It is well known that the antipsychotic drugs impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the bipolar patients. The side effects had been assessed only from the doctors’ perspective and neglected the patients’ subjective feeling. The aim of the study is to validate the specific instrument “tolerability and quality of life” (TOOL) into Chinese to describe and grade the impact of antipsychotic drugs on HRQoL from patients’ view.Methods
A psychometric study was conducted with euthymic bipolar disorder patients (N = 105) under antipsychotic treatment. The psychometric properties of the TOOL, including internal consistency, retest reliability, concurrent validity, content validity, discriminative validity, item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and feasibility, were analyzed.Results
The internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were adequate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.80 and ICC = 0.81). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated the one-factor model. Significant Spearman’s rank correlations between the TOOL and both Bref QoL.BD (Brief version of Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder) (r = ?0.33, P < 0.01) and UKU (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser side effects scale) (r = 0.13, P < 0.05) were found.Limitations
Small sample size and no specific self-report instrument in Chinese to evaluate the criterion validity.Conclusions
TOOL appears to be a reliable and valid measure to assess the impact of adverse events of antipsychotic drugs on HRQoL from the patients’ perspective.7.
Suzanne K. Chambers Samantha Clutton Robert McDowall Stefano Occhipinti Martin Berry Martin R. Stockler Stephen J. Lepore Mark Frydenberg Robert A. Gardiner David P. Smith 《Quality of life research》2016,25(12):3027-3035
Objective
To examine the extent to which mindfulness skills influence psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men with metastatic or castration-resistant biochemical progression of prostate cancer.Patients and methods
A cross-sectional survey of 190 men (46 % response; mean age 71 years, SD = 8.7, range 40–91 years) with advanced prostate cancer, assessed psychological and cancer-specific distress, HRQOL. Mindfulness skills were assessed as potential predictors of adjustment outcomes.Results
Overall, 39 % of men reported high psychological distress. One third had accessed psychological support previously although only 10 % were under current psychological care. One quarter had accessed a prostate cancer support group in the past six months.Higher HRQOL and lower cancer-specific and global psychological distress were related to non-judging of inner experience (p < 0.001).Higher HRQOL and lower psychological distress were related to acting with awareness (p < 0.001). Lower distress was also related to higher non-reactivity to inner experience and a lower level of observing (p < 0.05).Conclusions
Men with advanced prostate cancer are at risk of poor psychological outcomes. Psychological flexibility may be a promising target for interventions to improve adjustment outcomes in this patient group.Clinical Trial Registry
Trial Registration: ACTRN126120003068198.
Yoshihiro Yoshino Shouhei Takeuchi Takahiko Katoh Yoshiki Kuroda 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2016,21(2):100-104
Objectives
DNA repair genes play an important role in protection against environmental and endogenous DNA damage, and constitute the first line of defense against cancer. Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is involved in the damage recognition step during nucleotide excision repair. The relationship between XPC intron11 C/A polymorphism and cancer risk has not been widely studied. Hence, this study evaluated the relationship between the XPC intron11 C/A polymorphism and prostate cancer risk.Materials and methods
This hospital-based cohort consisted of 152 patients with prostate cancer and 142 male controls. The XPC intron11 C/A genotype was determined using the PCR–RFLP method. Medical, occupational, and cigarette-smoking history was obtained from each participant using questionnaires.Results
Logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to controls, the frequencies of the A/A and C/A genotypes were significantly higher than those of the C/C genotype in cancer patients (OR = 2.03, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.03–3.98 and OR = 1.91, 95 % CI 1.13–3.24, respectively). We also found that the frequency of the A/A genotype was significantly higher in cancer cases than in controls among non-smokers (OR = 7.7, 95 % CI 1.38–42.88, compared to the C/C genotype).Conclusion
We found that the XPC intron11 C/A polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Among non-smokers, the A/A genotype was significantly more prevalent in prostate cancer patients than in controls.9.
Background
Conventional intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer (BC) has limitations in establishing a definitive diagnosis of metastasis intraoperatively, leading to an unnecessary second operation. The one-step nucleic amplification assay (OSNA) provides accurate intraoperative diagnosis and avoids further testing. Only five articles have researched the cost and cost effectiveness of this diagnostic tool, although many hospitals have adopted it, and economic evaluation is needed for budget holders.Objective
We aimed to measure the budget impact in Japanese BC patients after the introduction of OSNA, and assess the certainty of the results.Methods
Budget impact analysis of OSNA on Japanese healthcare expenditure from 2015 to 2020. Local governments, society-managed health insurers, and Japan health insurance associations were the budget holders. In order to assess the cost gap between the gold standard (GS) and OSNA in intraoperative SLNB, a two-scenario comparative model that was structured using the clinical pathway of a BC patient group who received SLNB was applied. Clinical practice guidelines for BC were cited for cost estimation.Results
The total estimated cost of all BC patients diagnosed by GS was US$1,023,313,850. The budget impact of OSNA in total health expenditure was ?US$24,413,153 (?US$346 per patient). Two-way sensitivity analysis between survival rate (SR) of the GS and OSNA was performed by illustrating a cost-saving threshold: y ? 1.14x ? 0.16 in positive patients, and y ? 0.96x + 0.029 in negative patients (x = SR–GS, y = SR–OSNA). Base inputs of the variables in these formulas demonstrated a cost saving.Conclusion
OSNA reduces healthcare costs, as confirmed by sensitivity analysis.10.
Chiara S. Haller Colin M. Bosma Kush Kapur Ross Zafonte Ellen J. Langer 《Quality of life research》2017,26(4):893-902
Objective
The objective of the present investigation was to examine the association of mindful creativity with the trajectory of recovery (emotional, interpersonal, cognitive, and total functioning) of patients with severe TBI.Methods
This was drawn from a subsample of an adult prospective cohort study on severe TBI in Switzerland; patients and their relatives were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months (patients N = 176, relatives N = 176). Predictor measures were assessed using Mindful Creativity Scale—short form and time (trajectory of functioning of the patient over time). Outcome measures were assessed using Patient Competency Rating Scale for Neuro-rehabilitation (PCRS-NR; measuring emotional, interpersonal, cognitive, and total functioning post-injury). All measures were assessed at each time point. Mixed linear models were run separately for ages >50 and ≤50 (i.e., bimodal distribution).Results
Patients’ mindful creativity showed no significant association with patients’ functioning across time in any of the models. In all age groups, interpersonal functioning decreased across time (slope>50 = ?4.66, p = .037; slope≤50 = ?7.19, p = .007). Interestingly, in age group ≤50, interpersonal functioning increased when looking at relative mindful creativity by time (slope = 1.69, p = .005). Additionally, relatives mindful creativity was significantly associated with patients’ functioning in age group ≤50: (a) patients’ total functioning (slope = 0.18, p = .03) and (b) cognitive functioning (slope = 0.72, p = .020).Conclusions
Relatives’ mindful creativity was significantly associated with patients’ functioning after severe TBI. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.11.
Ying Guo Shuyan Sun Cynthia Puranik Allison Breit-Smith 《Child & youth care forum》2018,47(3):421-442
Background
Research suggests that considerable individual differences may exist among preschool children in terms of emergent writing performance. However, there is no study examining this variability.Objective
This research explored the patterns of within-group individual differences in the emergent writing skills of preschool children.Method
Cluster analysis was employed to identify profiles of emergent writing skills in two independent samples (children from middle-socioeconomic status backgrounds N = 36; children from socioeconomically and racial/ethnically diverse backgrounds N = 367).Results
Cluster analysis identified three emergent writing profiles: (1) highest emergent writing-strength in letter writing and spelling; (2) average emergent writing-strength in name writing; and (3) lowest emergent writing across skills. Children’s letter name knowledge and phonological awareness significantly predicted profile membership when controlling for age.Conclusion
These findings provide evidence regarding the heterogeneity of preschool children’s emergent writing skills and suggest that different profiles of emergent writing can be explained by children’s letter name knowledge, phonological awareness, and age.12.
Haruo Nakatsuka Keiko Chiba Takao Watanabe Hideyuki Sawatari Takako Seki 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2016,21(6):523-530
Objectives
Iodine intake by adults in farming districts in Northeastern Japan was evaluated by two methods: (1) government-approved food composition tables based calculation and (2) instrumental measurement. The correlation between these two values and a regression model for the calibration of calculated values was presented.Methods
Iodine intake was calculated, using the values in the Japan Standard Tables of Food Composition (FCT), through the analysis of duplicate samples of complete 24-h food consumption for 90 adult subjects. In cases where the value for iodine content was not available in the FCT, it was assumed to be zero for that food item (calculated values). Iodine content was also measured by ICP-MS (measured values).Results
Calculated and measured values rendered geometric means (GM) of 336 and 279 μg/day, respectively. There was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference between calculated and measured values. The correlation coefficient was 0.646 (p < 0.05).Discussion
With this high correlation coefficient, a simple regression line can be applied to estimate measured value from calculated value. A survey of the literature suggests that the values in this study were similar to values that have been reported to date for Japan, and higher than those for other countries in Asia.Conclusions
Iodine intake of Japanese adults was 336 μg/day (GM, calculated) and 279 μg/day (GM, measured). Both values correlated so well, with a correlation coefficient of 0.646, that a regression model (Y = 130.8 + 1.9479X, where X and Y are measured and calculated values, respectively) could be used to calibrate calculated values.13.
Christian Jacob Benno Bechtel Susanne Engel Peter Kardos Roland Linder Sebastian Braun Wolfgang Greiner 《The European journal of health economics》2016,17(2):195-201
Introduction
Asthma is associated with a substantial economic burden on the German Statutory Health Insurance.Aims and objectives
To determine costs and resource utilization associated with asthma and to analyze the impact of disease severity on subgroups based on age and gender.Methods
A claims database analysis from the statutory health insurance perspective was conducted. Patients with an ICD-10-GM code of asthma were extracted from a 10 % sample of a large German sickness fund. Five controls for each asthma patient matched by age and gender were randomly selected from the same database. Costs and resource utilization were calculated for each individual in the asthma and control group. Incremental asthma-related costs were calculated as the mean cost difference. Based on prescribed asthma medication, patients were classified as intermittent or persistent. In addition, age groups of ≤5, 6–18, and >18 years were analyzed separately and gender differences were investigated.Results
Overall, 49,668 individuals were included in the asthma group. On average, total annual costs per patient were €753 higher (p = 0.000) compared to the control group (€2,168 vs. €1,415). Asthma patients had significantly higher (p = 0.000) outpatient (€217), inpatient (€176), and pharmacy costs (€259). Incremental asthma-related total costs were higher for patients with persistent asthma compared to patients with intermittent asthma (€1,091 vs. €408). Women aged >18 years with persistent asthma had the highest difference in costs compared to their controls (€1,207; p < 0.0001). Corresponding healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher in the asthma group (p = 0.000).Conclusions
The treatment of asthma is associated with an increased level of healthcare resource utilization and significantly higher healthcare costs. Asthma imposes a substantial economic burden on sickness funds.14.
Purpose
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered an important measure of treatment and rehabilitation outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In this study, we used multivariate regression analysis to examine the role of cognitive appraisals, adjusted for clinical, socioeconomic and demographic variables, as correlates of HRQoL in MS.Methods
The cross-sectional study included 257 MS patients, who completed Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Treatment Beliefs Scale, Actually Received Support Scale (a part of Berlin Social Support Scale) and Socioeconomic Resources Scale. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were collected with a self-report survey. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between the variables.Results
Five variables, illness identity (β = 0.29, p ≤ 0.001), self-esteem (β = ?0.22, p ≤ 0.001), general self-efficacy (β = ?0.21, p ≤ 0.001), disability subgroup “EDSS” (β = 0.14, p = 0.006) and age (β = 0.12, p = 0.012), were significant correlates of HRQoL in MS. These variables explained 46 % of variance in the dependent variable. Moreover, we identified correlates of physical and psychological dimensions of HRQoL.Conclusions
Cognitive appraisals, such as general self-efficacy, self-esteem and illness perception, are more salient correlates of HRQoL than social support, socioeconomic resources and clinical characteristics, such as type and duration of MS. Therefore, interventions aimed at cognitive appraisals may also improve HRQoL of MS patients.15.
Marowa Hashimoto Masutaka Watanabe Yuji Uematsu Sonomi Hattori Nobuyuki Miyai Miyoko Utsumi Mayumi Oka Mariko Hayashida Kenji Kinoshita Mikio Arita Tatsuya Takeshita 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2016,21(3):138-148
Objectives
Many East Asians have the genetic polymorphisms rs1229984 in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and rs671 in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Here we analyzed the relationships of the two genotypes with alcohol sensitivity, drinking behavior and problem drinking among older and younger men living in rural areas of Japan.Methods
The subjects were 718 Japanese men aged 63.3 ± 10.8 (mean ± SD), categorized into the older (≥65 years, n = 357) and younger (<65 years, n = 361) groups. Facial flushing frequency, drinking behavior and positive CAGE results were compared among the genotypes using Bonferroni-corrected χ2 test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, BMI and lifestyle factors.Results
The frequency of ‘always’ facial flushing among the ADH1B*1/*2 carriers was significantly lower than that among the ADH1B*2/*2 carriers in the older group (P < 0.01). The alcohol consumption (unit/day) in the ADH1B*1/*2 carriers tended to be higher compared with that in the ADH1B*2/*2 carriers among the older group (P = 0.050). In the younger group, no significant differences in alcohol sensitivity and drinking habits were generally found among the ADH1B genotypes. The ADH1B*1/*1 genotype tended to be positively associated with problem drinking in the older group (P = 0.080) but not in the younger group. The ALDH2 genotypes consistently and strongly affected the alcohol sensitivity, drinking behavior and problem drinking in both the younger and older group.Conclusions
We for the first time observed a significant difference in alcohol sensitivity between ADH1B*1/*2 and ADH1B*2/*2 in older men aged 65 and above.16.
Cora Bartelink Leontien de Kwaadsteniet Ingrid J. ten Berge Cilia L. M. Witteman 《Child & youth care forum》2017,46(5):745-768
Background
The LIRIK, an instrument for the assessment of child safety and risk, is designed to improve assessments by guiding professionals through a structured evaluation of relevant signs, risk factors, and protective factors.Objective
We aimed to assess the interrater agreement and the predictive validity of professionals’ judgments made with the LIRIK in comparison to unstructured judgments.Method
In study 1, professionals made safety and risk judgments for 12 vignettes with the LIRIK (group 1, n = 36) or without an instrument (group 2, n = 43). In study 2, we compared professionals’ safety and risk judgments for 370 children made with the LIRIK (group 1, n = 278) or with no instrument (group 2, n = 92), with outcomes indicating actual unsafety in files 6 months later.Results
In study 1, agreement about safety and risks was poor to moderate in both groups. Differences between groups were small and inconsistent. In study 2, the predictive validity of judgments was weak to moderate in both groups. In neither group had unsafe outcomes increased consistently when unsafety or risks were assessed as higher.Conclusions
Judgments made with the LIRIK were not more reliable or valid than unstructured professional judgments. These findings raise important questions about the value of risk assessment instruments and about how professional safety and risk judgments can be improved.17.
Mary K. Horan Jean M. Donnelly Ciara A. McGowan Eileen R. Gibney Fionnuala M. McAuliffe 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2016,24(5):427-436
Aim
To examine the association between maternal nutrition and lifestyle factors and offspring adiposity, using baseline and 2-year postpartum follow-up data from a randomised control trial of low glycaemic index diet.Subject and methods
Food diaries and lifestyle questionnaires were completed during pregnancy and infant feeding and maternal lifestyle questionnaires 2 years postpartum for 281 mother and infant pairs from the ROLO study. Maternal anthropometry was measured throughout pregnancy and infant and maternal anthropometry was measured 2 years postpartum.Results
Maternal 2 year postpartum body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with offspring BMI-for-age z-score (B?=?0.105, p?=?0.015). Trimester 2 saturated fat intake was positively associated with offspring subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio (B?=?0.018, p?=?0.001). Trimester 1 glycaemic index was also positively associated with offspring sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds (B?=?0.009, p?=?0.029).Conclusions
Maternal BMI 2 years postpartum was positively associated with offspring BMI. Pregnancy saturated fat intake was positively and polyunsaturated fat negatively associated with offspring adiposity. While further research is necessary, pregnancy and the postpartum period may be early opportunities to combat childhood obesity.18.
19.
Andres De Los Reyes Candice A. Alfano Michelle A. Clementi Andres Viana 《Child & youth care forum》2017,46(1):1-17
Background
A key element of the evidence-based assessment and treatment movements is ensuring an adequate representation of clients across the different settings in which they receive mental health care (e.g., research and routine or usual care settings). Prior work has focused on comparing clients from research settings to those from usual care settings on various indices of clinical severity, impairment, and symptom levels.Objective
In this study, we focused on examining clients from different types of research studies not only on levels of clinical severity, impairment, and symptoms, but also on the relations among these domains.Methods
We addressed our objective in a sample of 73 youths meeting primary diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); n = 32 were recruited specifically for a treatment study or received services from a university-based clinic (Youths Receiving Treatment; YRT), and n = 41 were recruited for a non-treatment assessment study (Non-Treatment Research Youths; NTRY).Results
Relative to NTRY, YRT displayed greater GAD clinical severity, and higher generalized anxiety and worry levels. However, we observed no differences between groups in relations among measures of GAD clinical severity, generalized anxiety, and worry.Conclusions
These findings have important implications for evidence-based practice and interpreting studies seeking to compare clients from research and clinical settings on clinical characteristics.20.