Anterior Interbody Grafting and Instrumentation for Advanced Spondylodiscitis

Objective

To evaluate the surgical outcomes of ventral interbody grafting and anterior or posterior spinal instrumentation for the treatment of advanced spondylodiscitis in patients who had failed medical management.

Methods

A total of 28 patients were evaluated for associated medical illness, detected pathogen, level of involved spine, and perioperative complications. Radiological evaluation including the rate of bony union, segmental Cobb angle, graft- and instrumentation-related complications, and clinical outcomes by mean Frankel scale and VAS score were performed.

Results

There are 14 pyogenic spondylodiscitis, 6 postoperative spondylodiscitis, and 8 tuberculous spondylodiscitis. There were 21 males and 7 females. Mean age was 51 years, with a range from 18 to 77. Mean follow-up period was 10.9 months. Associated medical illnesses were 6 diabetes, 3 pulmonary tuberculosis, and 4 chronic liver diseases. Staphylococcus was the most common pathogen isolated (25%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 18% of the patients. Operative approaches, either anterior or posterior spinal instrumentation, were done simultaneously or delayed after anterior aggressive debridement, neural decompression, and structural interbody bone grafting. All patients with neurological deficits improved after operation, except only one who died from aggravation as military tuberculosis. Mean Frankel scale was changed from 3.78±0.78 preoperatively to 4.78±0.35 at final follow up and mean VAS score was improved from 7.43±0.54 to 2.07±1.12. Solid bone fusion was obtained in all patients except only one patient who died. There was no need for prolongation of duration of antibiotics and no evidence of secondary infection owing to spinal instrumentations.

Conclusion

According to these results, debridement and anterior column reconstruction with ventral interbody grafting and instrumentation is effective and safe in patients who had failed medical management and neurological deficits in advanced spondylodiscitis.     

减压术中应用激素联合甘露醇对颈髓损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨地塞米松联合甘露醇辅助减压术对颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者神经功能的影响。方法将中国人民解放军空军总医院收治的80例颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者采用抽签随机法分为对照组(40例,实施减压术治疗)和观察组(40例,在对照组基础上给予地塞米松联合甘露醇辅助治疗),观察治疗前后2组神经功能[日本骨科学会(JOA)评分]及预后效果[颈椎功能障碍指数量表(NDI)]情况。结果治疗前2组JOA评分、NDI评分比较无明显差异(P0.05);治疗后2组JOA评分较治疗前明显升高,NDI评分明显降低,且治疗后观察组JOA评分(9.21±1.28)分、(12.26±2.06)分、(15.09±2.04)分升高及NDI评分(0.21±0.08)分、(0.16±0.06)分、(0.09±0.04)分降低较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论地塞米松联合甘露醇辅助减压术对颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者临床积极作用显著,显著改善患者颈髓神经功能及日常生活能力。     

显微外科治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床研究

目的评价脊髓型颈椎病前入路显微手术减压及内固定的疗效。方法对38例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用经颈前入路显微手术减压,12例取自体髂骨、26例用钛质网笼行植骨及钢板内固定。根据日本骨科协会(JOA)评分对神经功能恢复进行评价,并观察植骨融合率、融合节段椎间高度、颈椎生理曲度维持以及内植入物情况。结果随访32例,随访时间3~24个月,平均18个月,JOA评分由术前平均10.1分提高到术后平均14.8分,平均改善率为86%。32例单节段和两节段病变者以及6例三节段病变者术后3个月内形成骨性融合,融合率为100%;全部病例术后椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意;全部植入物无脱落或移位。结论采用显微手术方式,术野照明良好,经显微镜放大后解剖层次清晰,能准确识别各种病理损害,不但能使脊髓减压彻底而且能增加手术的安全性。     

Could self-locking stand-alone cage reduce adjacent-level ossification development after aneterior cervical discectomy and fusion?

Numerous studies have shown that cervical arthrodesis is associated with the adjacent-segment pathology (ASP), such as adjacent-level ossification development (ALOD). However, it still remains largely unclear whether the self-locking stand-alone implant system can reduce the incidence of ALOD. In the present study, we prospectively recruited 120 patients with cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) who were treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). These patients were randomly and evenly divided into the ROI-C group and plate group. Clinical and radiologic follow-up was performed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Clinical evaluation included preoperative and postoperative assessments of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Neck Disability Index (NDI) score. The presence and severity of ALOD, as well as the C2-7 Cobb angle, were assessed on the lateral cervical films during follow-up. There were no significant differences in JOA and NDI scores at each time point during the follow-up period between the two groups. ALOD occurred in 8.8% of 58 patients and 6.7% of 104 levels in the cage group. Moreover, ALOD occurred in 20.1% of 57 patients and 17.8% of 101 levels in the plate group. The ALOD was more serious in the plate group compared with the cage group. The C2-7 Cobb angle was significantly improved compared with that before the operation and could be maintained during the follow-up in both groups. The self-locking stand-alone cage was efficacious for ACDF, and it could reduce the incidence of ALOD compared with anterior plate and cage.     

Effect of posterior subsidence on cervical alignment after anterior cervical corpectomy and reconstruction using titanium mesh cages in degenerative cervical disease

Subsidence after anterior cervical reconstruction using a titanium mesh cage (TMC) has been a matter of debate. The authors investigated and analyzed subsidence and its effect on clinical and radiologic parameters after cervical reconstruction using a TMC for degenerative cervical disease. Thirty consecutive patients with degenerative cervical spine disorders underwent anterior cervical corpectomy followed by reconstruction with TMC. Twenty-four patients underwent a single-level corpectomy, and six patients underwent a two-level corpectomy. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Fusion status, anterior and posterior subsidence of the TMC, segmental angle (SA) and cervical sagittal angle (CSA) were assessed by lateral and flexion-extension radiographs of the neck. The mean follow-up period was 27.6 months (range, 24 to 49 months). The VAS, NDI and JOA scores were all significantly improved at the last follow-up. No instances of radiolucency or motion-related pseudoarthrosis were detected on radiographic analysis, yielding a fusion rate of 100%. Subsidence occurred in 28 of 30 patients (93.3%). The average anterior subsidence of the cage was 1.4 ± 0.9 mm, and the average posterior subsidence was 2.9 ± 1.2 mm. The SA and CSA at the final follow-up were significantly increased toward a lordotic angle. Anterior cervical reconstruction using TMC and plating in patients with cervical degenerative disease provides good clinical and radiologic outcomes. Cage subsidence occurred frequently, especially at the posterior part of the cage. Despite the prominent posterior subsidence of the TMC, SA and CSA were improved on final follow-up radiographs, suggesting that posterior subsidence may contribute to cervical lordosis.     

前路钛网植骨钛板置入内固定治疗下颈椎椎体转移癌

背景：下颈椎椎体转移癌会破坏颈椎的稳定性并导致颈髓的压迫,这类患者常需手术治疗。 目的：观察前方入路病灶清除、钛网植骨重建及钛板置入内固定治疗下颈椎椎体转移癌的效果。 方法：选择2005-06/2007-06广西医科大学第一附属医院脊柱骨病科收治的下颈椎椎体转移癌患者30例,均采用前方入路行病灶清除、钛网植骨重建及钛板置入内固定治疗。记录手术时间、下床活动时间、并发症、以Frankel评分衡量脊髓损伤情况,椎X射线片检查内固定物位置情况,部分患者行MRI检查局部复发及脊髓减压情况。 结果与结论：手术时间90~150 min,出血量100~600 mL。手术过程中无并发症发生。所有患者均得到随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均14个月。随访中有3例患者因多处转移,全身衰竭死亡。末次随访中,9例患者由Frankel D级恢复到E级。随访中无断钉及内固定失效发生。提示经前方入路病灶清除、钛网植骨重建及钛板置入内固定是治疗下颈椎椎体转移癌的有效方法,具有病灶清除彻底、脊柱稳定性恢复好、患者术后可早期下地活动等优点。     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤3种金属置入物疗效观察

背景：近年来,随着解剖学、影像学、外科技术的发展及国内外学者研究的深入,无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的相关治疗取得了长足进步。 目的：观察前路重建脊柱稳定、后路减压+侧块固定、前路重建脊柱稳定+后路减压治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的效果。 方法：回顾性分析2003-10/2005-12解放军广州军区广州总医院脊柱外科收治的无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者27例,男22例,女5例,均伤后7 d内入院,并行手术治疗。根据患者的损伤情况采用3种方式,前路减压重建脊柱稳定,后路单开门+侧块固定,前路重建脊柱稳定+后路减压。疗效评价标准采用Frankel分级及JOA评分计算改善率。 结果与结论：全部患者均获得随访,随访时间6~33个月,平均18个月。影像学复查提示减压充分,内固定固定良好,未见松动滑脱、断裂等现象,融合节段1年后均获得良好骨性融合。27例患者出院时神经系统症状均有不同程度改善。除1例Frankel A级患者无明显恢复外,其余均恢复1~4级。置入后JOA评分较置入前有明显改善,其中前路减压重建脊柱稳定组改善率为50%,后路单开门+侧块固定组改善率为53%,前路重建脊柱稳定+后路减压组改善率为51%。所有病例置入中未出现血管、神经损伤等并发症,随访中亦无并发症发生。提示根据无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的不同特点,采取合理方式,可获得较好疗效。     

Clinical outcome and radiological findings after cervical open door laminoplasty with titanium basket

ObjectCervical laminoplasty, which is well described in the Japanese literature, is the gold standard for decompressing multilevel spinal cord compression. Several spacers have been introduced to provide enough decompression of the spinal canal and reconstruct the stable posterior elements. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate radiological outcomes after open door laminoplasty using the titanium spacer (Laminoplasty Basket: L-Basket; Ammtec, Tokyo).MethodsBetween July 2014 and June 2016, 31 patients with cervical spondylotic disease, including OPLL, were underwent open door laminoplasty with this device. All patients were clinically assessed by JOA score. The average follow-up period was 48.9 months with a range of 37–60 months. Postoperative radiological evaluation revealed bone union on both the open side and the gutter side from 12 months to 36 months after surgery on computed tomography.ResultsThe clinical outcome improved from 10.9 points on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale to 15.8 points at 3 months after surgery and there were no significant major complications such as the implant failure. The bone union rate of the gutter side was 85.9% (85/99) at 1 year, 96.0% (95/99) at 3 years after surgery and of the open side was 57.6% (57/99) at 1 year, 89.9% (89/99) at 3 years after surgery. Circumferential fusion was confirmed 85.9% (85/99) of the time.ConclusionThis titanium spacer seemed to have the potential of promoting bone union between the spacer and both lamina, and lateral mass in cervical laminoplasty which is a safe procedure with satisfactory clinical results.     

钛网及同种异体骨植骨结合内固定治疗脊柱结核：23例随访验证

背景：植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核容易出现植骨块滑移、骨折、吸收或突入椎管引起神经症状,从而导致脊柱不稳。钛网为强度非常高的圆桶状,其边缘以锯齿状与椎体接触,具有显著防滑移作用。 目的：探讨钛网植入内固定结合同种异体骨植骨治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核的临床效果。 方法：选择胸腰椎结核患者23例,男12例,女11例,年龄13~55岁。采用一期病灶清除,前和/或后路椎弓根系统置入内固定,钛网及同种异体骨联合应用植入治疗,术后观察伤口愈合、结核中毒症状及神经功能恢复,固定融合及复发情况。 结果与结论：23例患者获得1~3年随访,伤口均一期愈合,结核中毒症状明显改善或消失,神经功能完全恢复,内固定无松动、断裂,植骨无移动、折断、吸收,无后突畸形发生,固定融合情况良好,无结核复发迹象,6~12周带支具下床活动,6个月恢复正常生活及工作。证实脊柱结核病灶一期清除后,应用钛网及同种异体骨植骨结合内固定置入治疗能使脊柱获得即刻及远期的稳定,纠正后凸畸形,促进椎体间植骨融合,是目前治疗脊柱结核的一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

后路减压侧块螺钉置入内固定治疗颈椎多节段后纵韧带钙化：5年36例资料回顾

背景：后路减压侧块螺钉固定能够解除骨化灶对脊髓、神经根的压迫,扩大椎管矢状径,同时重建该区域的稳定。 目的：验证应用后路减压、侧块螺钉置入内固定治疗颈椎多节段后纵韧带骨化症5年36例资料的临床疗效。 方法：36例患者为3个节段9例,4个节段20例,5个节段7例。 结果与结论：随访6~26个月,JOA评分由内固定前平均5.2分提高到 10.2分。颈椎生理曲度由内固定前平均(3.6±0.5) mm提高到内固定后(9.1±0.7) mm,内固定物无松动。提示此方法治疗既能后方直接减压又能前方间接置入减压,既能恢复颈椎生理曲度,又能提供坚强的内固定效应。     

Clinical and radiologic comparison of dynamic cervical implant arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease

This study compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of dynamic cervical implant (DCI; Scient’x, Villers-Bretonneux, France) arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease. This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with single-level cervical degenerative disc disease who underwent DCI arthroplasty or ACDF between September 2009 and June 2011. Patients were followed up for more than 2 years. Clinical evaluation included the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain. Radiological assessments included segmental range of motion (ROM), overall ROM (C2–C7), disc height (DHI), and changes in adjacent disc spaces. The VAS, SF-36, JOA, and NDI scores improved significantly after surgery in both the DCI and ACDF groups. The VAS, JOA, and SF-36 scores were not significantly different between the DCI and ACDF groups at the final follow-up. The segmental ROM at the treated level and overall ROM increased significantly after surgery in the DCI group, but the ROM in the adjacent cephalad and caudal segments did not change significantly. The mean DHI at the treated level was significantly restored after surgery in both groups. Five patients (12.8%) in the DCI group showed new signs of adjacent segment degeneration. These results indicate that DCI is an effective, reliable, and safe procedure for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease. However, there is no definitive evidence that DCI arthroplasty has better intermediate-term results than ACDF.     

Anterior reduction and fusion for acute unilateral cervical facet dislocation without severe spinal cord injuries

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate safety and effectiveness of simple anterior reduction and fusion for acute lower cervical unilateral facet dislocation without severe spinal cord injuries.Materials and methodsOne hundred and two patients with unilateral cervical facet dislocations without severe spinal cord injuries who were surgically treated by the only anterior approach were analyzed. The treatment effects were evaluated based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, the Cobb angle of kyphosis, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Odom’s criteria. Neurological recovery of patients was assessed by the Frankel grading.ResultsThe mean duration of follow-up was 12.4 ± 4.2 years (range, 10 to 17 years). VAS scores, Kyphosis angle and NDI scores were significantly changed from preoperative values of 7.4 ± 0.8, 11.3° ± 6.8° and 29.3 ± 5.1 to last follow-up values of 1.3 ± 0.8, −6.1° ± 7.5° and 8.8 ± 3.6 (P = 0.000). Of patients, 92 (90.2%) had good to excellent outcomes, 9 (8.8%) had satisfactory outcomes, and 1 (1.0%) had poor outcomes. Patients have obtained satisfactory neurological recovery. Three patients needed additional posterior reduction.ConclusionThe anterior reduction and fusion is effective and safe for acute unilateral cervical facet dislocation, and can achieve good long-term clinical effects.     

Plate-only open-door laminoplasty with fusion for treatment of multilevel degenerative cervical disease

Adequate fixation of the opened laminar arch is the key indicator of a successful laminoplasty surgery; poor outcomes, including secondary narrowing of the spinal canal and a high risk of axial neck pain are possible when using a suturing method during conventional laminoplasty. Rigid fixation including spacers or bone struts yields satisfactory clinical outcomes. However, this approach is also associated with a longer surgical time and an increased risk of instrumentation dislodgement. Plate-only fixation with fusion was developed in our hospital to improve conventional laminoplasty; in addition, the supraspinous ligament is preserved in this procedure. We evaluated both the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Twenty-six patients with multilevel cervical degenerative disease were enrolled for selective open-door laminoplasty with miniplate fixation; autologous bone debris was placed on the hinge side to promote fusion, without bone struts on the open side. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, X-ray, three-dimensional CT scan and MRI were used for the pre- and postoperative evaluations. The mean follow-up period was 22 months (range=12-34 months), and all patients achieved osseous fusion within six months of the operation. Patients who underwent open-door laminoplasty showed an improvement in the JOA score of 60.7%; a 23.0% incidence of axial neck pain and a 3.2° loss of range of motion (ROM) were also observed. No instrumentation failure or clinical deterioration was observed in our study. Thus, open-door laminoplasty with miniplate fixation is a safe, simple surgery for multilevel cervical disease that has significant clinical efficacy. This approach can maintain the cervical ROM, reduce the incidence of postoperative axial neck pain, decrease surgical time and cost, and avoid complications related to fusion.     

椎间融合器植入并双侧下关节突切除治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

背景：对退变性腰椎管狭窄治疗可行全椎板减压内固定置入、单侧或双侧开窗减压、后路全椎板减压等方法。但采取何种方式治疗中是否需行椎间融合器植入内固定目前还没有定论。 目的：评价以cage椎间植骨融合椎弓根内植入固定并腰后路全椎板及双侧下关节突切除减压、自体小关节骨质移植治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的效果。 方法：选择经3个月保守治疗无效的退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者41例,男23例,女18例,平均年龄60.3岁,行腰后路全椎板及双侧下关节突切除减压、自体小关节骨质及cage椎间植骨融合植入椎弓根内固定治疗,随访24个月,术前及术后随访时JOA评分评价患者疗效,放射学检查患者植骨融合情况及手术节段椎体稳定性。 结果与结论：随访时JOA评分较术前有明显提高(P < 0.01),临床优良率为90%;40例获得骨性融合,融合率98%,1例患者有腰椎不稳征象。术后均无内固定物松动、断裂等并发症发生,但有2例发生硬脊膜撕裂,1例发生椎弓根位置偏斜,1例假关节形成。结果提示腰后路全椎板及双侧下关节突切除减压、自体小关节骨质及cage椎间植骨融合植入椎弓根内固定治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症具有良好的临床效果。     

Clinical and radiographic features of hybrid surgery for the treatment of skip-level cervical degenerative disc disease: A minimum 24-month follow-up

We describe the radiographic changes of IS and investigate the safety and feasibility of hybrid surgery (HS) coupling cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of skip-level cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD). Twenty-seven patients who received HS were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical evaluation based on the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Radiographic parameters included cervical alignment (CA), functional spine unite (FSU) angle of intermediated segment (IS), range of motion (ROM) and intervertebral disc height (IDH). Data regarding radiographic changes at IS were collected. The mean follow-up duration of 30.10 months. Compared with preoperative value, JOA, NDI and VAS scores significantly improved after surgery (p < 0.05). The CA was recovered significantly after surgery (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the FSU angle and the IDH of IS between before and at 24 months postoperatively (p > 0.05). The ROM of IS significantly decreased at the first week after surgery (p < 0.05), was similar to preoperative value at 3 months postoperatively and significantly increased after 6 months (p < 0.05). Radiographic changes at IS were observed in 2 patients and Class II Heterotopic ossification (HO) was detected in 2 patients. HS is a safe and feasible alternative procedure for the treatment of skip-level CDDD. It preserved the IS intact and achieved satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes over a 24-month follow-up.     

Mid- to long-term outcomes of posterior decompression with instrumented fusion for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior decompression with instrumented fusion (PDF) surgery has been previously reported as a relatively safe surgical procedure for any type of thoracic ossification of the longitudinal ligament (OPLL). However, mid- to long-term outcomes are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mid- to long-term clinical outcome of PDF surgery for thoracic OPLL patients. The present study included 20 patients who had undergone PDF for thoracic OPLL and were followed for at least 5 years. Increment change and recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. Revision surgery during the follow-up period was also recorded. Average JOA scores were 3.5 preoperatively and 7.1 at final follow-up. The average improvement in JOA score was 3.8 points and the average recovery rate was 47.0%. The JOA score showed gradual increase after surgery, and took 9 months to reach peak recovery. As for neurological complications, two patients suffered postoperative paralysis, but both recovered without intervention. Six revision surgeries in four patients were related to OPLL. Additional anterior thoracic decompression for remaining ossification at the same level of PDF surgery was performed in one patient. Decompression surgery for deterioration of symptoms of pre-existing cervical OPLL was performed in three patients. One patient had undergone lumbar and cervical PDF surgery for de novo ossification foci of the lumbar and cervical spine. PDF surgery for thoracic OPLL is thus considered a relatively safe and stable surgical procedure considering the mid- to long-term outcomes.     

纳米人工骨在颈椎前路植骨融合术中的应用

目的：评估颈前路植骨融合中应用纳米人工骨后临床症状的改善和影像学变化。 方法：2005-06/2006-06辽宁医学院附属第一医院骨科收治脊髓型颈椎病26例,混合型颈椎病5例,颈椎创伤脱位29例,均采用纳米人工骨替代自体髂骨进行60例颈椎前路椎体次全切减压植骨融合钛板内固定。植入前根据临床症状行神经功能JOA评分,并予颈椎X射线、CT、MRI等检查。植入后1周、3个月、6个月、1年、1年半随访情况定期复查,行神经功能JOA评分,X射线检查分析椎体高度,颈椎生理曲度等,并将植入前后情况比较分析。 结果：60例患者随访≥3个月,植入后均未见过敏及毒性反应,切口愈合均良好。植入后定期拍片复查,可见颈椎骨折者伤椎高度恢复,颈椎病患者未发现伤椎高度丢失,颈椎椎间角和颈前屈基本正常,内固定位置良好,未发现内固定松动、移位等现象。植入前X射线片及磁共振可见C4~5椎体脱位,脊髓受压;植入后3个月X射线可见骨折复位良好,内固定可靠。植入后神经功能JOA评分有明显提高,随访3个月者JOA评分由植入前(9.78±3.15)分增加到(15.25±2.79)分。 结论：纳米人工骨在颈椎前路植骨融合术中效果良好,可以替代自体骨应用于颈椎前路植骨融合。     

不同颈椎前路融合植骨92例并发症分析：钛网植骨与整块自体骨植骨比较

背景：颈椎前路钢板能最大程度地恢复椎间隙高度,扩大椎间孔,恢复颈椎的生理性前凸,同时能够预防单纯植骨时植骨面微小活动所带来的不稳定性,增加植骨融合率。但在应用颈椎前路钢板时,仍存在不同植骨物的选择：是取整块自体骨？还是运用钛网植骨？ 目的：分析比较3种不同颈椎前路融合植骨相关并发症的发生情况。 方法：选择92例因颈椎间盘突出导致脊髓型颈椎病而行颈椎前路减压植骨的患者,均获得随访3个月以上。所有患者均行颈椎前路减压：6例行单纯植骨,21例行椎体间自体髂骨植骨内固定(Robinson植骨),65例行椎体间钛网植骨融合内固定。观察3种不同颈椎前路融合植骨相关并发症情况。 结果与结论：6例单纯植骨患者中2例发生植骨块脱出,1例发生融合节段假关节形成,1例发生髂骨供区疼痛;21例椎体间自体髂骨植骨内固定患者中6例发生椎间高度丢失,3例发生髂骨供区疼痛;65例椎体间钛网植骨融合内固定患者中11例发生内植物下沉,椎间高度丢失,1例发生内固定断裂。结果显示单纯植骨因外固定时间长、并发症多目前较少使用;自体髂骨植骨内固定存在植骨吸收和供区并发症的缺点;椎体间钛网植骨融合内固定解决了供区并发症的问题,但仍存在钛网下沉、椎间高度丢失的缺点,术后6~9个月椎间高度丢失无明显增加,已获得椎间融合,多数患者无明显不适,不需要特别处理,由于它能从根本解决植骨供区并发症的问题,因此提倡使用钛网植骨内固定进行颈椎前路减压后的重建,但要注意适应证的选择和规范的操作。     

同种异体冻干骨加钛笼在颈前路减压融合术中的应用

目的观察同种异体冻干骨加钛笼结合动力型颈前路钢板在颈椎前路减压融合术后的融合情况。方法对122例颈椎病病人行颈前路减压、钛笼加同种异体冻干骨植骨结合动力型颈前路钢板内固定术。于术前、术后6个月进行日本骨科疗效(JOA)评分,观察神经功能恢复情况;术后6个月、1年观察钛笼植骨融合率及早期沉降率。结果术后对116例随访12~22个月,平均17个月。症状均明显缓解,脊髓功能明显改善;JOA评分由术前的8.6分改善至14.1分。根据Zdeblick标准,术后6、12个月钛笼植骨融合率分别达到92.0%和95.6%,而沉降出现率分别为16.0%和18.6%。无钢板和螺钉松动或断裂现象存在。结论同种异体冻干骨加钛笼作为颈椎前路减压融合手术中的支撑性植骨材料,融合率满意,沉降率低。     

Outcomes of Secondary Laminoplasty for Patients with Unsatisfactory Results after Anterior Multilevel Cervical Surgery

Objective

To investigate the causes for failed anterior cervical surgery and the outcomes of secondary laminoplasty.

Methods

Seventeen patients failed anterior multilevel cervical surgery and the following conservative treatments between Feb 2003 and May 2011 underwent secondary laminoplasty. Outcomes were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Scale and visual analogue scale (VAS) before the secondary surgery, at 1 week, 2 months, 6 months, and the final visit. Cervical alignment, causes for revision and complications were also assessed.

Results

With a mean follow-up of 29.7±12.1 months, JOA score, recovery rate and excellent to good rate improved significantly at 2 months (p<0.05) and maintained thereafter (p>0.05). Mean VAS score decreased postoperatively (p<0.05). Lordotic angle maintained during the entire follow up (p>0.05). The causes for secondary surgery were inappropriate approach in 3 patients, insufficient decompression in 4 patients, adjacent degeneration in 2 patients, and disease progression in 8 patients. Complications included one case of C5 palsy, axial pain and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, respectively.

Conclusion

Laminoplasty has satisfactory results in failed multilevel anterior surgery, with a low incidence of complications.