Oclusión intestinal por brida congénita en una gestante de 28 semanas. Informe de un caso

Intestinal obstruction is a rare complication in pregnancy. We report a case of mechanical intestinal obstruction due to a congenital band in a 28-week pregnant woman. Laparotomy was performed with lysis of the band and good postoperative outcome. We provide a brief review of the topic.     

Hipofisitis linfocitaria en gestante de 34 semanas

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman at 33 + 4 weeks of pregnancy who was admitted for investigation of bitemporalhemianopsia and endocrine disruption. We discuss the main differential diagnoses by reviewing the pathophysiology of lymphocytic hypophysitis, as well as the management of this disease.     

Leiomioma perineal grande en gestante de 9 semanas

Perineal leiomyoma are rare mesenchymal tumours classified as somatic or retroperitoneal. The retroperitoneal variety are mainly related to women during the peri-menopausal phase. Diagnosis is directed at differentiating them from leiomyosarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. We report on a case of a 30-year-old and 9-week pregnant woman. She consulted due to a progressive growing mass in the right ischiorrectal fossa coinciding with pregnancy, but with sparse symptoms. Surgery was performed through a perineal access with a complete resection of a 9 cm tumour.     

Prevención de la hemorragia posparto en una gestante afectada de síndrome de Hermansky-Pudlack

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is a multisystemic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, mainly characterized by oculo-cutaneous albinism and impaired platelet aggregation. We describe the follow–up and end of pregnancy in a 30-year-old woman with this syndrome, as well as the measures carried out during labor to avoid bleeding complications due to platelet dysfunction. The pregnancy ended at 38.2 weeks through vaginal delivery, without epidural anesthesia and good maternal and fetal outcome.     

Síndrome hiperhemolítico en gestante con drepanocitosis: desenlace fatal

Sickle cell disease is characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin. This entity primarily affects the black population. Diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell disease in pregnant women is essential as outcome can be fatal for both mother and fetus. We report the case of a pregnant black woman with sickle cell disease. The management and outcome are discussed.     

Rotura uterina. Diagnóstico y consecuencias en una gestante de 30 semanas

Uterine rupture is an infrequent obstetric complication with high morbidity and mortality for both the mother and fetus. Early diagnosis and treatment of this entity are important prognostic factors. We report the case of woman at 30 weeks of pregnancy with spontaneous uterine rupture in a previous scar from a laparoscopic myomectomy, giving rise to maternal hemoperitoneum and intrauterine fetal death. Emergency surgery was performed with subtotal abdominal hysterectomy.     

Mola hidatiforme parcial en gestante de 17 semanas con preeclampsia

Objectives

To report a case of partial hydatidiform mole presenting as preeclampsia at 17 weeks of gestation and to review the data on the diagnosis and management of this entity.

Case Rrport

The patient was admitted for severe preeclampsia. Ultrasound and cytogenetic studies revealed a partial hydatiform mole. Abdominal uterine evacuation was performed and the patient was monitored until the process resolved.

Discussion

Partial hydatiform mole usually manifests as first-trimester metrorrhagia. This entity is not generally associated with specific fetal anomalies, but retarded fetal growth is almost always present. These moles rarely present with a picture of early-onset preeclampsia, as in the present case. Diagnosis is based on ultrasound, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) measurements and fetal karyotype, although the definitive diagnosis is histological. Partial hydatiform mole is considered a localized disease that usually resolves with uterine evacuation. However, in some patients, there can be persistent trophoblastic disease.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of partial hydatiform mole should be taken into account in patients with early onset preeclampsia.     

Rotura de cuerno uterino rudimentario en gestación de 22 semanas. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is a rare Müllerian anomaly with a high incidence of obstetric complications, affecting 4.5% of women. Pregnancy located in the rudimentary horn occurs in 1 in 76,000 pregnancies with a risk of uterine rupture of 50-80%. Rupture usually occurs at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy. Early diagnosis reduces morbidity and mortality, but ultrasound diagnosis has a sensitivity of only 30%, due to the low prevalence of this entity.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico de quistes del cordón umbilical en el primer trimestre de la gestación

Although umbilical cord cysts are a relatively frequent entity they cannot be considered a nonpathological sonographic finding. In the first trimester pregnancies the prevalence of umbilical cord cysts has been reported about 3%. Sometimes are associated to other chromosomal and/or structural abnormalities. If they are persistent and progressive in the size, could restrict the fetal sanguineous flow.     

Torsión anexial como causa de abdomen agudo en una paciente adolescente

Acute abdomen due to adnexal torsion in adolescence is rare. One of the main reasons this diagnosis is frequently missed at first presentation is the diverse clinical presentation. When ovarian torsion cannot be excluded, diagnostic laparoscopy should be performed.We present a rare case of ovarian and fallopian torsion in a 15-year-old girl who presented with acute lower left abdominal pain and was treated by laparoscopic surgery.     

Anticoagulación en gestantes portadoras de prótesis mecánicas

Objective

To study distinct anticoagulation regimens in pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves.

Subjects and methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the required levels of anticoagulation prophylaxis, timing of the introduction of oral anticoagulation and its substitution by heparins, and the maternal and fetal risks associated with different anticoagulation regimens.

Results

A target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5-3.5 should be achieved. Although consensus on the heparin of choice is lacking, heparin dose requirements should be based on anti-factor Xa levels (around 1.0 U/mL) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (2-3 times control value). The risk of thrombosis in heparin-treated patients is approximately 7%, while the incidence of heparin embryopathy ranges from 1.6-7.4%. The switch from oral anticoagulation to heparin should be made no later than at weeks 35-36 of pregnancy.

Conclusions

The nticoagulation therapy of choice in the first trimester of pregnancy cannot currently be established. Prospective and randomized studies are required to determine the advisability of one treatment over the other     

Análisis de la finalización de la gestación y morbilidad materna en las gestaciones de 41 semanas

Objective

To evaluate the mode of delivery and maternal morbidity associated with pregnancies ending at 41 weeks.

Material and methods

We designed a retrospective cohort study. The mode of delivery and maternal complications of 230 pregnancies ending at 41 weeks were compared with those in 234 pregnancies ending between 37 and 40 weeks at the Miguel Servet University Hospital in 2005.

Results

Women delivering at 41 weeks had an increased risk of membrane sweep, unfavorable Bishop score at admission, induction and longer duration of labor. These increases were also seen in the rates of operative vaginal delivery (25.6 vs 17.6%, p < 0.001) and cesarean section (21.7 vs 8.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The rates of maternal peripartum complications increase as pregnancy reaches 41 weeks. Accurate investigation of these rates is important to determine the gestational age at which the risk of continuing the pregnancy outweighs the risk of labor induction.     

Neumotórax espontáneo en una gestante de 32 semanas

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is characterized by dyspnea and progressive lung collapse, due to air accumulation in the pleural cavity. Although this entity is an exceptional finding in pregnancy, it can be life-threatening to the mother and fetus. Our Obstetrics and Gynecology Department treated a woman in the 32nd week of pregnancy with a spontaneous pneumothorax, who underwent thoracotomy for a bleb excision and pleurodesis a few days before delivery. A review of the international medical literature yielded only 50 cases reported to date, indicating the limited experience in the diagnosis and treatment of this entity.     

Adenocarcinoma de pulmón en gestante

Lung cancer is the most common neoplasm in developed countries and the first cause of cancerrelated death in men, although currently there has been a significant increase in women. It remains a rare condition during pregnancy, but the association of lung cancer and gestation has been increasing in recent years. It seems to be more aggressive and diagnosed mainly at advances stages during pregnancy. Choosing the most appropriate treatment is very difficult and there is not enough information to establish the management. We report a case of a 38 year-old pregnant woman with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed in the 27th week. At week 29 a decision was made to terminate the pregnancy. As the tumour was unresectable, she subsequently underwent combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy.     

Metástasis en el orificio del trocar en carcinoma de endometrio tras cirugía robótica: a propósito de un caso

Laparoscopic port-site metastases are early recurrent tumoral lesions developing locally in the abdominal wall within the scar tissue of one or more trocar sites. This complication is rare; the incidence and the pathogenesis and development of these tumors are unknown.     

Factores etiopatogénicos de la prematuridad en el hospital universitario Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona

Objective

To determine the rate of preterm births in 2010 at the Sant Joan de Déu University Hospital in Barcelona, and classify them according to the main cause by using a mapping algorithm to establish the main etiological causes of preterm birth.

Subjects and methods

All preterm births at less than 37 weeks’ gestation occurring in the Sant Joan de Déu University Hospital in 2010 (n = 396) were reviewed and assigned to a group according to their primary etiology.

Results

The preterm birth rate was 9.8%. Inflammatory causes accounted for 36% of all preterm births followed by idiopathic causes (29%). In preterm deliveries of multiple gestations, inflammatory causes accounted for 44%.

Conclusions

Inflammatory causes are the main etiology of preterm births and are more common in multiple gestations.     

Neumotórax complicado en una gestante a término: tratamiento mediante cesárea y videotoracoscopia simultáneas

Spontaneous pneumothorax rarely occurs during pregnancy. The most common cause is almost always related to the presence of apical blebs or bullae. The most frequent symptoms are chest pain and dyspnea and chest radiography usually confirms the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is insertion of a chest drain and surgery should be considered in recurrent pneumothorax or persistent air leaks. The most controversial issues in spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy are the timing of surgery and delivery route. We describe the case of a pregnant patient in the third trimester with spontaneous pneumothorax and persistent air leaks who was successfully treated with combined elective cesarean section and videothoracoscopy in the same intervention. We believe that combined fetal extraction and videothoracoscopy in the same intervention could be a valid alternative for the definitive treatment of complicated spontaneous pneumothorax in full term pregnancies in order to avoid risks to the mother and fetus.     

Diástasis traumática de pubis en gestante a término

The traumatic diastasis of pubic symphysis during the gestation is a rare although potentially serious complication for the mother and the fetus and that forces us to a careful monitoring of the hemodinámic stability of both and that it needs a joint performance by obstetricians and orthopaedic surgeons sometimes emergent.     

Utilidad de la eco-Doppler en la consulta de ginecología

In the last 30-40 years, diagnosis in gynecology has been radically changed by the widespread use of abdominal – and especially vaginal – ultrasonography. The present case illustrates how suspicious images necessitate more detailed investigation and follow-up to rule out an underlying malignancy. In the present case, ultrasonography – and especially Doppler – was the only procedure suggesting neoformation. Therefore, we believe that an echo-Doppler-color ultrasound system should be available in all gynecology consulting rooms. This non-invasive technique has demonstrated effectiveness and reproducibility, provides a high diagnostic yield, and requires minimal time to perform. The use of this procedure in the routine follow-up of patients could help in the early diagnosis of neoformative processes, with clear benefits.