羟乙基淀粉200/0.5和羟乙基淀粉130/0.4术前急性高容量血液稀释对结肠癌根治术患者血液流变学的影响

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉(HES)200/0.5和6%HES 130/0.4术前急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对结肠癌根治术患者血液流变学的影响.方法 择期在全麻下行结肠癌根治术患者40例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=20),麻醉诱导期间于30 min内静脉输注15 ml/kg HES 200/0.5(Ⅰ组)或HES 130/0.4(Ⅱ组),AHH结束后开始手术.分别于麻醉诱导前(基础状态,T0)、AHH后即刻(T1)、AHH结束后1 h(T2)和术后1 h(T3)时抽取静脉血样,检测全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血小板聚集指数和红细胞压积(Hct).结果 与T0时比较,Ⅰ组T1时全血低切粘度和红细胞聚集指数降低,T1-3时全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、血小板聚集指数和Hct降低,Ⅱ组T1-3时全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数和Hct降低(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组T2,3时全血低切粘度和红细胞聚集指数降低,T1-3时血小板聚集指数升高(P<0.05).结论 6%HES 200/0.5与6%HES 130/0.4(15 ml/kg)术前AHH均能改善结肠癌根治术患者围术期血液流变学,其中6% HES 130/0.4的效果较好.     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4急性高容量血液稀释对血液流变学和凝血功能的影响

目的 观察6%羟乙基淀粉(HES)130/0.4急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对高凝状态的恶件肿瘤患者血液流变学和凝血功能的影响.方法 择期在全麻下行胃、肠癌根治术伴高凝状态患者40例,随机分为两组,每组20例.全麻插管后H组输注HES 130/0.4,R组输注复方乳酸钠,均以15～20 ml/kg(25～35 ml/min)输注.分别于AHH前(T0)、AHH结束后即刻(T1)、AHH结束后60 min(T2)和手术结束时(T3)采静脉血检测血液流变学和凝血功能.结果 H组AHH后各时点全血高切粘度、低切粘度、血浆粘度、血细胞比容(Hct)及血小板聚集率明显低于T0时(P<0.05);H组AHH后各时点Hb、血小板计数(Pit)低于R组(P<0.05);H组AHH后各时点部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)较R组明显延长(P<0.05),但两组均在正常范围;H组纤维蛋白原(FIB)降低更为显著(P<0.05).结论 HES 130/0.4 AHH用于恶性肿瘤患者能改善血液流变学,改善肿瘤患者的高凝状态,但对凝血功能的影响较小.     

羟乙基淀粉术前急性高容量血液稀释在肺癌手术中的应用

目的观察羟乙基淀粉(HES)术前急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)在全麻复合硬膜外阻滞下肺癌手术患者中应用的可行性。方法ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级患者42例,随机分为观察组(V组)和对照组(C组)。V组:于切皮前50ml/min输入6%HES130/0·41000ml。C组:输注等量复方氯化钠。持续监测MAP、HR、SpO2和PETCO2。分别于稀释前、稀释后、术毕、术后第1天和第7天测定红细胞压积(Hct)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原浓度(Fib)的变化;记录术中输血量和输液量;计算出血量。结果术中两组患者出血量和输液量差异无显著意义,输血量及输血患者人数V组明显低于C组(P<0·05)。V组MAP的变化明显低于C组(P<0·05),稀释后,HR明显减慢(P<0·05),CVP明显升高(P<0·01),但尚在正常生理范围。V组的Hct在稀释后及术中明显低于基础值及C组(P<0·05),但在术毕和术后第1天及第7天两组间差异无显著意义。PT、APTT及Fib组间比较差异均无显著意义。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞下肺癌手术患者使用HES施行AHH可有效维持血液动力学平稳及提高患者对失血的耐受性。     

两种羟乙基淀粉急性高容量血液稀释对病人凝血功能的影响

目的探讨应用两种分子量及取代级的中分子羟乙基淀粉[贺斯(6%HES 200/0.5)及万汶(6%HES 130/0.4)]急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对病人凝血功能的影响。方法30例病人,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为万汶组和贺斯组,每组15例,入室后于麻醉诱导前60 min内以20 ml·kg-1·h-1的速率分别输入万汶或贺斯60min。测定输液前、输液15、30、45、60min时血压、心率和尿量;于输液前和输液60min测定静脉血血红蛋白(Hb)含量、血红细胞比容(Hct)、血小板计数(PLC)、血小板聚集功能的指标以及凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量。结果与输液前比较,两组输液60min时心率升高,Hb、Hct、PLC下降,APTT延长,FIB升高,输液各时点尿量均增加(P< 0.05或0.01)。与贺斯组比较,万汶组输液60 min时PLC升高,APTT缩短(P<0.05)。两组血小板聚集功能各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论万汶与贺斯具有相似的扩容效果,但其对病人凝血功能的抑制程度要小。     

羟乙基淀粉对血液流变学及凝血功能的影响

目的 观察输注6％羟乙基淀粉（HES200／0．5）对病人血液流变学及凝血功能的影响。方法 30例硬膜外阻滞下手术病人,在硬膜外阻滞前输注贺斯12ml/kg。输液前后分别抽取静脉血测定：（1）全血低切、中切、高切粘度,红细胞比容,全血低切、中切、高切还原粘度,血沉,红细胞聚集指数、刚性指数、变形指数。（2）血小板计数（PLC）,血小板粘附率（PAD）,血小板1分钟聚集率（PAG1）、3分钟聚集率（PAG3）和最大聚集率（PAGM）。（3）凝血酶原时间（PT）,凝血酶时间（TT）,部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和纤维蛋白原浓度（Fib)。结果 输液后全血粘度高切变率、中切变率明显下降,全血还原粘度高切变率、血沉、红细胞刚性指数在输液后显著降低,血小板粘附及聚集功能、TT、APTT及Fib输液后差异无显著意义,只有PT显著延长。结论 静注500－1000ml6%HES,可改善血液流变性,对凝血功能无影响。     

比较不同分子量羟乙基淀粉对术中血液循环及凝血功能的影响

目的多中心、双盲、平行对照比较术中输注国产6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5(6%HES200/0.5,盈源)和6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6%HES130/0.4,万汶)对术中血流动力学、血液流变学及凝血功能的影响。方法150例择期手术的患者随机均分为Y组和V组。手术开始后,Y组输注6%HES200/0.51000ml,V组输注6%HES130/0.41000ml。分别于麻醉前(T0)、输注开始时(T1)、输注开始后30min(T2)、60min(T3)、90min(T4)、120min(T5)各时点监测患者血流动力学参数,在麻醉前及输注结束后10min抽血检测凝血功能及血液流变学参数。结果与T0时相比,两组患者T1时MAP均明显下降(P<0.05),V组T4、T5时MAP明显降低(P<0.05);T3时V组HR增快(P<0.05),输液结束后两组凝血酶原时间(PT)及部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)均有所延长(P<0.05),纤维蛋白原下降(FIB)(P<0.05),血小板计数(Plt)减少(P<0.05),但两组组间差异无统计学意义;两组液体均可降低全血高、低切变率(P<0.05),对血浆粘度无明显作用。两组术中输血量及晶体输入量差异无明显统计学意义。结论输入6%HES200/0.5或6%HES130/0.41000ml均可有效维持血流动力学稳定,改善机体微循环,但对凝血功能均有尚可耐受的影响。     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

目的 探讨不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响.方法 拟行股静脉取栓术病人30例,年龄40～64岁,栓塞时问<48 h,随机分为3组(n=10):生理盐水组(NS组)、羟乙基淀粉组(HES组)和琥珀酰明胶组(GEL组).麻醉诱导前分别静脉输注生理盐水、6%羟乙基淀粉(HES,200/0.5)或琥珀酰明胶40 min,输注速率20 ml·kg-1·h-1.分别于AHH 前、后即刻采集静脉血样5 ml,测定全血粘度高切变率、全血粘度低切变率、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数和变形指数,并记录MAP、HR和SpO2.记录术中输液量和输血量.结果 AHH前、后三组血液动力学指标均在正常范围内.与NS组比较,HES组AHH后即刻全血粘度高切变率、全血牯度低切变率和红细胞聚集指数降低,血浆粘度和红细胞变形指数升高,GEL组AHH后即刻全血粘度高切变率和低切变率降低,血浆粘度升高(P<0.05或0.01);与HES组比较,GEL组全血粘度低切变率、红细胞聚集指数升高,红细胞变形指数降低(P<0.01).结论 6%羟乙基淀粉(200/0.5)和琥珀酰明胶术前AHH改善深静脉血栓病人血液流变学状态的效果优于生理盐水,且6%羟乙基淀粉的效果更优,可改善该类病人血液流动缓慢和血液高凝状态,降低了再次发生血栓的危险.＃     

6%羟乙基淀粉急性高容性血液稀释在儿科病人的应用

目的研究6%羟乙基淀粉用于婴幼儿和儿童对于血液流变学、血小板功能和凝血功能等的影响.方法20例手术病人按年龄分为婴幼儿组（Ⅰ组,〈3岁,n=9）和儿童组（C组,3～12岁,n=11）,术前用6%羟乙基淀粉10 ml/kg行高容性血液稀释,输液前后分别抽取颈静脉血测定血液流变学、血小板功能和凝血功能,比较各组输液前后以及两组之间的变化.结果两组病人输液后全血低切、中切和高切粘度均显著下降（P〈0.01）,但血浆粘度无显著改变;两组病人血细胞比容、纤维蛋白原在输液后均显著下降（P〈0.01）;红细胞聚集指数、刚性指数、变形指数在输液前后无显著变化;与输液前比较,输液后红细胞电泳指数显著增加（P〈0.05）;两组病人血沉、血小板计数和血小板聚集率、部分凝血活酶时间在输液后无显著变化;C组病人输液后凝血酶原时间显著延长.两组间各项指标相同时点比较虽有一定变化,但无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论6%羟乙基淀粉用于1～12岁儿科病人进行术前急性高容性血液稀释,能改善血液流变性,稳定血液动力学,但对凝血功能无影响,不增加出血倾向.     

急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓患者凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对深静脉血栓患者凝血功能的影响.方法 30例股静脉血栓行取栓术患者随机分为三组,入手术室以20 mg·kg <'1>·h<'1>的速度输注6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5(H组)、琥珀酰明胶(G组)、生理盐水(R组)40 min.观察AHH前后血小板计数(Plt)、血小板聚集功能(PAG)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)变化.结果 AHH后H组Plt明显低于AHH前和G、R组(P<0.05或P<0.01);APTT明显长于AHH前和G、R组(P<0.05或P<0.01);AHH后H组PAG明显低于AHH前和R组(P<0.05);AHH后G组FIB明显低于AHH前和H、R组(P<0.01).结论 AHH后胶体液较晶体液对深静脉血栓患者凝血功能影响明显,可改善患者术中血液高凝状态.     

不同羟乙基淀粉急性高容量血液稀释对大面积烧伤患者围术期凝血功能的影响

目的 评价羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(HES 130/0.4)与羟乙基淀粉200/0.5(HES 200/0.5)急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对大面积烧伤患者围术期凝血功能的影响.方法 拟行早期切痂术的大面积烧伤患者40例,年龄18～49岁,ASAⅡ级,随机分为HES 200/0.5组(HES 200组)与HES 130/0.4组(HES 130组),每组20例,另选20名健康志愿者为正常对照组(C组).麻醉诱导开始时HES 200组和HES 130组经30 min分别静脉输注HES 200/0.5、HES 130/0.4 15 ml/kg,行AHH,C组不予任何处理.于麻醉诱导前(T0)、AHH结束即刻(T1)、AHH后1 h(T2)、术后1 h(T3)时采用流式细胞仪检测血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)、CD62P的表达水平,采用血栓弹力图描记仪测定以下指标:反应时间(R).凝血时间(K)、α角、最大振幅(MA)和凝血指数(CI).结果 与C组比较,HES 200组和HES 130组血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa、CD62P表达上调,R、K缩短,α角、MA、CI增大(P<0.05);与HES 200组比较,HES 130组血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa、CD62P表达上调,R缩短,α角、MA和CI增大(P<0.05);与T0时比较,HES 200组AHH后血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa、CD62P表达下调,R、K延长,α角、MA、CI减小(P<0.05),HES 130组R、K延长,α角、CI减小(P<0.05),MA和血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa、CD62P差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 HES 200/0.5 AHH可抑制大面积烧伤患者围术期血小板过度活化,其减轻血液高凝状态的效应强于HES 130/0.4.     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4和6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5急性高容量血液稀释对全麻患者凝血功能的影响

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6% HES130/0.4)和6%羟乙基淀粉20010.5(6% HES200/0.5)急性高容量血液稀释(AHHD)对全麻患者凝血功能的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、6%HES200/0.5组(H组)及6%HES130/0.4组(V组).H组和V组于麻醉诱导前90 min分别静脉输注6% HES200/0.5或6% HES130/0.4,速率20 ml·kg-1·h-1,扩容量20ml/kg;C组仅静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液6～8 ml·kg-1·h-1.于AHHD前、AHHD后即刻及AHHD后1 h采血,进行下述指标的测定:血小板计数、凝血酶原时间(PT)、血小板最大聚集率和Sonoclot玻璃珠激活全血凝固时间(gbACT)、凝结速率(CR)、血小板功能(PF)和曲线达峰时间.H组和V组同时还测定活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血因子Ⅷ活性(FⅧ:C)、von Willebrand因子(vWF)水平.结果 与AHHD前比较,H组和V组AHHD后PT和APTY均延长,FⅧ:C下降(P＜0.05),但2组AHHD后1 h FⅧ:C高于AHHD后即刻(P＞0.05);H组和V组AHHD后血小板最大聚集率降低,但AHHD后1 h高于AHHD后即刻(P＜0.05).与H组比较,V组AHHD后CR降低(P＜0.05),其他凝血功能指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 6%HES130/0.4和6% HES200/0.5(20 ml/kg)AHHD对全麻患者凝血功能的抑制作用较轻;两者对凝血功能的影响无明显差异.     

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 provides larger and faster increases in tissue oxygen tension in comparison with prehemodilution values than HES 70/0.5 or HES 200/0.5 in volunteers undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution

Stable hemodynamics and improved rheology are important effects of hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) infusions. One clinical indicator of improved rheology is increased tissue oxygen tension (tpO(2)). In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded, crossover study, we examined the effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution with HES 130/0.4 on hemodynamics and skeletal muscle tpO(2) in comparison with conventional HES solutions. Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly enrolled in each group. At an interval of >8 days, volunteers donated 18% of their calculated blood volume within 30 min and randomly received 6% HES 130/0.4, 6% HES 70/0.5, or 6% HES 200/0.5 (crossover design) in a 1:1.2 ratio to their blood loss. Hemodynamic variables, tpO(2) in the quadriceps muscle, hematocrit, plasmatic HES concentrations, plasma viscosity, colloid osmotic pressures, and platelet aggregation were measured until 6 h after the infusion of HES. No differences were found among groups with respect to changes of hemodynamics, hematocrit, or platelet aggregation. With HES 200, colloid osmotic pressures and plasma viscosities were larger than after HES 70 (P < 0.05). HES 130 in comparison with HES 70 and 200 caused the fastest (30 min versus 90 min and 150 min after hemodilution; P < 0.05) and largest increase of tpO(2) in comparison to baseline (+93% versus +33% and 40%; P < 0.05). In healthy volunteers undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution, the newly designed HES 130/0.4 showed a more pronounced and earlier increase of skeletal muscle tpO(2) in comparison with prehemodilution values than HES 70/0.5 or 200/0.5. IMPLICATIONS: The effects of three different hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions on hemodynamics, rheology, and skeletal muscle tissue tension after acute normovolemic hemodilution were examined in awake volunteers. With HES 130/0.4, increases of tissue oxygen tension in comparison to baseline were larger and more rapid than with HES 70/0.5 or HES 200/0.5.     

Thrombelastographic coagulation analysis following in vitro and in vivo haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES)

In the study presented the effects of in vitro hemodilution with HES on coagulation are compared with the effects of in vivo hemodilution using thrombelastography (TEG). The in vivo hemodilution was performed by the i. v. infusion of 1000 ml 6 % solution of hydroxyethyl starch HES (2 formulations with HES 130/0.4 and one formulation with HES 200/0.5) in healthy volunteers during 30 min. The in vitro hemodilution was performed with blood samples taken from the volunteers before the infusion was started. These samples were diluted with HES-solution until the same hemoglobin concentration measured at the end of the infusion was attained. The in vivo TEG-parameters remained in the reference range of the method, however all in vitro TEG-parameters are out of the range of normal values. The isolated interpretation of the in vitro data shows an impairment of blood coagulation. The shortening of the reaction time as an indicator for the initiation of blood clotting points to activated coagulation by in vivo hemodilution with HES, whereas in vitro the prolongation of the reaction time is indicative for retardation of clotting. The evaluation of the TEG-parameters and of other clotting parameters determined prior to the beginning of the infusion, at the end of the infusion and four hours after termination of the infusion of HES 130/0.4 and of HES 200/0.5 to healthy volunteers show alterations of blood coagulation parameters caused mainly by dilutional effects. The more pronounced alterations found in vitro cannot be interpreted as impairment of haemostasis in vivo. On the other hand, the likewise haemodilution in vitro causes an impairment of coagulation. Therefore, the effects of in vitro hemodilution with HES on coagulation differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the effects of in vivo hemodilution.     

Effects of two different hydroxyethyl starch solutions (HES200/0.5 vs. HES130/0.4) on the expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein

BACKGROUND: There are various hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions with different degrees of hydroxylation and different molecular weights. HES200/0.5 solution is most commonly used. HES130/0.4 is a new HES solution and is the 'state-of-the-art' in volume substitution. However, the mechanism of the observed anticoagulation action of HES has not been fully delineated. The objective of this study was to further investigate the effect of HES200/0.5 and HES130/0.4 on platelet coagulation. METHODS: Sixty ASA I-II patients undergoing elective minor surgery were randomly allocated to receive an intravenous infusion (20 ml/kg) of lactated Ringer's solution (group L), HES200/0.5 (group H) or HES130/0.4 (group V) after the induction of anesthesia. The expression of CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p in vivo was assessed on non-stimulated platelets and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) agonist-activated platelets using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Resting glycoprotein expression of the non-stimulated platelets was observed. HES200/0.5 and HES130/0.4 reduced the CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p expression of ADP-agonist-activated platelets at 15 min after intravenous infusion. At 6 h after intravenous infusion, the trend of decreasing expression of activated CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p was maintained in group H. However, CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p expression returned to the pre-operative level in group V. CONCLUSION: This study showed that both HES200/0.5 and HES130/0.4 can inhibit platelet coagulation. Platelet dysfunction experienced a faster recovery after the infusion of HES130/0.4 than after HES200/0.5. Liquid resuscitation with HES130/0.4 may decrease the risk of hemorrhage in the operative period.     

急性扩容性血液稀释电解质的影响

目的对比观察乳酸钠林格液和万汶在术前急性扩容性血液稀释前后电解质的变化。方法20例病人随机分为万汶组(组1)和乳酸钠林格液组(组2)。病人入室开放静脉后分别给予两组液体15 ml/kg,30 min输注完毕。分别于输液前后抽血查血常规、电解质。结果两组扩容前后MAP、HR无明显变化,血K+稀释性降低。组1扩容后HCT下降明显,血Na+明显增加,但仍在正常范围之内。组2扩容后HCT明显下降,血Na+在正常范围之内。结论万汶扩容效果优于乳酸钠林格液,但可致血Na+升高,血K+稀释性降低。     

羟乙基淀粉容量替代治疗对手术患者血流动力学和凝血功能的影响

目的评价不同取代级羟乙基淀粉术中容量替代治疗对普通外科手术患者凝血功能和血流动力学的影响。方法顺序选取67例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期普通外科手术患者,随机分为3组,6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组（R1组,23例）和6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5组（R2组,24例）,林格溶液对照组（C组,20例）,患者术前无肝肾功能异常,血常规、凝血功能各项检查正常,手术前2周未接受抗凝治疗,预计失血量超过400ml,观察其手术前后血流动力学指标及凝血功能指标的变化。结果手术期间各组血流动力学指标稳定、血红蛋白（Hb）、血小板计数（Plt）、血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）差异无统计学意义;与C组比较,R1和R2组患者容量治疗中液体总输入量明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4和6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5是容量替代治疗中有效的扩容剂,在维持血流动力学稳定的同时,可最低限度减少对凝血功能的影响。