17例法医精神病学鉴定案件中犯罪知识测验模式下的测谎仪检测

目的 通过犯罪知识测验(Guilty Knowledge Test,GKT)测谎模式下真实场景范式的测试结果与讯问笔录比较,研究GKT在真实场景研究中的一致性与适用性,为GKT在法医精神病学鉴定中的应用提供参考资料.方法 采用自编测谎登记表,对17例符合本研究纳入标准的受试者进行资料收集并进行GKT测试.依据CC MD-3划分为患病组、无病组,并对所有的GKT测试结果与讯问笔录进行一致性比较.结果 患病组与无病组测试结果与讯问笔录的一致率分别为45.45％,83.33％,两组一致性无统计学差异(P=0.304).结论 GKT测谎模式下真实场景的测试可适用于某些精神病类受试者.但本研究样本量较小,需扩大样本进一步研究.     

The ethics of forensic psychiatry

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Forensic psychiatrists find themselves at the crossroads of disparate ethical demands stemming from their basic identification as physicians versus obligations of their professional activities that often involve working for third parties and upholding the principles of law. Ethical demands in law may collide with those of the ethics of medicine. RECENT FINDINGS: This review focuses on theoretical articles in which the two ethical paradigms impacting the forensic practice are discussed. In addition, this review includes some articles that bring new insights into old problems such as coercion and articles dealing with an emerging controversy, the use of medical information or medical personnel in interrogations. SUMMARY: The controversy on the two paradigms under which forensic psychiatrists operate has not been exhausted; no definite position has been advanced about the virtues of one over the other or how best to reconcile the two. Old issues such as coercion remain topics of concern and new areas of debate such as intelligence interrogations, which eventually will have an impact on forensic psychiatry, are now starting to permeate the ethical discourse.     

The place of culture in forensic psychiatry

Members of a multicultural society must all be subject to the same equitable system of justice. However, culture exerts profound influences on human behavior, and cultural considerations have a place in determinations of capacity and in appropriate sentencing. Cultural psychiatry can contribute to forensic psychiatry by helping to contextualize individuals' actions and experiences. This contextualizing can be done through cultural consultations that employ interpreters and culture brokers to identify the role of culture in individuals' psychopathology. Clarifying how cultural background has affected individuals' capacity to form a criminal intent or control their behavior may allow a better determination of level of culpability and guide appropriate sentencing. However, framing behavior as culturally influenced may also stereotype and stigmatize specific groups. To avoid this, culture must be understood in terms of power relationships between minority groups and the dominant society. Cultural factors are not only relevant to the experience of specific groups but pervade the entire judicial system shaping the process of moral and legal reasoning.     

The expert witness in forensic psychiatry.

Forensic psychiatry operates at the interface of the Justice and Health systems and has been defined as: "That branch of psychiatry which requires special knowledge and training in the law as it relates to the mental state of the offender, or alleged offender" [1]. As a consequence of working in this area, psychiatrists are often called into court to give evidence as "expert witnesses". This article examines some of the professional and legal issues involved in providing expert testimony. Secondly, it aims to outline some practical guidelines for giving evidence in the court-room. The predominant focus is on criminal, rather than civil, proceedings in which the forensic psychiatrist gives expert testimony; however much of the information is also relevant to other psychiatrists and psychologists undertaking this role in the legal arena.     

Ethics in forensic psychiatry

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ethics in forensic expertise has been the focus of important debates. After providing a brief history of the theme, a review is given of the articles published in the last 2 years. As this field is constantly changing, it is possible to identify significant differences and even opposing positions adopted till now by various researchers. RECENT FINDINGS: The review includes a discussion on the current ethical theories applied to the forensic field, the objective and subjective issues involved in forensic work, the care needed to prevent additional and unnecessary suffering to the examinees and, finally, future directions as indicated by the authors. SUMMARY: The authors conclude that the discussion on the ethics of forensic expertise should be more comprehensive. The debate should include the search for equilibrium between objectivity and subjectivity, inherent to forensic expertise work, and also the utilization of advanced technological resources, always bearing in mind the conditions to which the examiner and examinee are subjected.     

Position and role of forensic psychiatry in integrative psychiatry

The integrative approach to psychiatry has gained more importance in recent years. Is it justified or not, does it improve theory or practice, those are only some of the questions to which we are looking for answers, but in this paper we shall underline the necessity of enrolling forensic psychiatry into integrative, modern psychiatry. The reason and the motive for that integration is the fact that nowadays the content and the activities of contemporary forensic psychiatrists are totally reduced to executing the tasks given by courts. It is therefore entirely right to say that current forensic psychiatry finds itself in the passive role of executing orders of the court. Our aim is to point out how important it is that forensic psychiatry becomes an interdisciplinary profession in interaction with psychiatry but also with other medical branches just as with judiciary, educational institutions, moral-ethical institutions and religious institutions in producing preventive programmes and by participating in individual decision making process likewise. Our primary goal is to present the status and the position of contemporary forensic psychiatry and to specify the necessary improvements and its place in integrative psychiatry. It should be better, more meaningful and more ethical, both for the individual and the society in total. We want forensic psychiatry to include a protective and therapeutic role for each individual forensic examinee, i.e. a person who has already been in forensic examination and for whom one evaluates mental competence because of a mental disorder. We also want it to get a far larger and more active general role in society in terms of preventing criminal acts among the mentally ill and in society in total.