颈椎骨龄与牙龄推断上海地区儿童年龄的准确性比较

目的 ：评估并比较Willems牙龄推断法和上海地区特异性颈椎骨龄回归公式2种方法在推测上海地区儿童实足年龄上的适用性及准确性。方法：选取符合纳入标准的上海地区8～15岁儿童的全景片和头颅侧位片640张（男160名,女160名,全景片和头颅侧位片各320张）,分别运用Willems法和颈椎骨龄回归公式评估得到牙龄和颈椎骨龄。采用SPSS 25.0软件包中的配对t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩检验,评估实足年龄与推断年龄之间的差异;通过比较2种方法的标准差、平均绝对误差、可接受误差内的正确判断率,对2种方法的准确性进行评价。结果：相比实足年龄,男性牙龄平均低估（0.75±1.03）岁,女性平均低估（1.05±1.18）岁;男性颈椎骨龄平均低估（0.78±1.40）岁,女性平均低估（0.53±1.31）岁。Willems牙龄推断法的总平均绝对误差为1.15岁,上海地区颈椎骨龄回归公式的总平均绝对误差为1.20岁。临床可接受误差在±0.5岁内的正确判断率Willems法和颈椎骨龄回归公式分别为26.25%和27.19%。结论：相比上海地区特异性颈椎骨龄回归公式,Willems法在推断上海地区8...     

三种牙龄推断法在乌鲁木齐儿童及青少年中的应用

目的 研究Demirjian、Willems和Cameriere法三种方法推断乌鲁木齐市汉族和维吾尔族儿童及青少年年龄的适用性。方法 对纳入的693张全口曲面断层片（其中汉族306张,维吾尔族387张）进行判读,利用SPSS26.0软件对测得的牙龄与生理年龄进行统计学分析,并对两个民族差异进行分析。结果 Demirjian法对汉族男性和女性分别高估0.37岁、0.50岁,对维吾尔族男性和女性分别高估0.30岁、0.46岁;Willems法对汉族男性和女性分别低估0.02岁、0.09岁,对维吾尔族男性和女性分别低估0.07岁、0.05岁;Cameriere法对汉族男性和女性分别低估0.26岁、0.42岁,对维吾尔族男性和女性分别低估0.16岁、0.29岁。结论 Willems法在推断乌鲁木齐市汉族和维吾尔族儿童及青少年年龄时最准确,两个民族用相同牙龄方法推测年龄时无显著差异。     

Demirjian法测定成都地区8-16岁青少年牙龄

目的评估Demirjian法测定成都地区青少年牙龄的准确度并对其进行修正。方法应用Demirjian法测定445名成都地区8～16岁汉族青少年牙齿成熟指数及牙龄,比较测得牙龄与实际年龄的差异;将牙齿成熟指数与实际年龄进行曲线拟合,建立两者问的数学模型。结果Demirjian法测得牙龄比实际年龄平均高估：其差异为女性0．67岁,男性0．52岁,其差异有统计学意义;牙齿成熟指数与实际年龄呈指数关系;根据修正后方程所得牙龄与实际年龄平均差异为女性0．15岁,男性-0．08岁,其差异无统计学意义。结论Demirjian法不能直接用于测定成都地区青少年牙龄,应用时需对其进行修正。     

Demirjian法测定成都地区8～16岁青少年牙龄

目的 评估Demirjian法测定成都地区青少年牙龄的准确度并对其进行修正.方法 应用Demirjian法测定445名成都地区8～16岁汉族青少年牙齿成熟指数及牙龄,比较测得牙龄与实际年龄的差异;将牙齿成熟指数与实际年龄进行曲线拟合,建立两者间的数学模型.结果 Demirjian法测得牙龄比实际年龄平均高估:其差异为女性0.67岁,男性0.52岁,其差异有统计学意义;牙齿成熟指数与实际年龄呈指数关系;根据修正后方程所得牙龄与实际年龄平均差异为女性0.15岁,男性-0.08岁,其差异无统计学意义.结论 Demirjian法不能直接用于测定成都地区青少年牙龄,应用时需对其进行修正.     

应用Demirjian法测定北京地区6～16岁儿童的牙龄

目的评估Demirjian法测定北京地区儿童牙龄的准确度并对其进行修正。方法应用Demirjian法测定276名北京地区儿童(男131名,女145名)的牙齿成熟指数和牙龄,比较牙龄和实际年龄的差异;将牙齿成熟指数和年龄进行曲线拟合,建立两者间的数学模型。结果Demirjian法测定的牙龄比实际年龄平均高估了0.31a(女性)、0.26a(男性),差异有显著性;牙齿成熟指数(y)与年龄(x)成指数关系。结论修正后的Demirjian法更适合于测定北京地区儿童的牙龄。     

放射影像学推断牙龄的方法及应用

在法医学鉴定中经常要对年龄进行推断,而牙龄是年龄推断的重要参考方法之一,可与骨龄、身高龄等联合应用提高年龄推断的准确性。近年来,应用影像学方法进行牙龄推断,已成为临床及法医学年龄推断的重要方法之一。本文针对应用放射影像学推断牙龄的方法进行综述,并简要阐述其临床及法医学意义。     

成都地区青少年第三磨牙牙龄与年龄的相关性研究

目的 对成都地区青少年第三磨牙牙龄与年龄的相关性进行研究。方法 选择2009-2011年于四川大学华西口腔医院正畸科就诊的青少年患者,拍摄全景片,参照Demirjian法的牙龄判断标准对左下颌第三磨牙发育情况进行分期。对不同性别第三磨牙的发育程度进行成组设计t检验分析,对第三磨牙发育程度与生理年龄的关系进行Spearman相关分析。结果 在Demirjian分期为A期时,不同性别第三磨牙的发育程度有统计学差异（P=0.026）,男性发育早于女性。Spearman相关分析表明：男性、女性及总体样本的生理年龄与第三磨牙发育程度均有相关性（男性r=0.808,P=0.000;女性r=0.729,P=0.000;总体r=0.760,P=0.000）。年龄（X）和第三磨牙发育程度（Y）的相关回归方程为：Y总体=4.898+2.036X;Y男性=4.987+2.046X;Y女性=4.819+2.036X。结论 第三磨牙发育程度可以作为推断青少年生理年龄的一个可靠指标。     

Demirjian法在推断南京地区儿童自然年龄中的应用

目的：研究Demirjian法（下文简称＂D法＂）推断南京地区儿童自然年龄的适用性。方法：收集南京医科大学附属口腔医院符合纳入标准的年龄在3～16岁患者的全口曲面断层片共644例,其中男性378例,女性266例。按照D法进行牙龄推断,所得牙龄与自然年龄进行配对t检验,通过建立单因素数学模型探索两者之间的对应关系。结果：直接运用D法对南京地区儿童进行牙龄推断,所得出的结果与实际年龄相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。建立南京地区儿童牙齿成熟度与自然年龄间的数学模型,得到自然年龄与牙总成熟度的拟合曲线方程：男子组为Y=43.37SIN（0.02579X-1.138）＋30.6SIN（0.04275X＋0.9984）＋3.019SIN（0.08706X＋1.649）,女子组为Y=55.93SIN（0.04001X-1.642）＋90.97SIN（0.05389X＋0.7095）＋44.25SIN（0.06254X＋3.384）。将其推断的年龄与实际自然年龄比较,两者间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：本研究通过建立儿童牙齿成熟度与自然年龄间的数学模型,可以利用牙齿发育程度较为准确推断南京地区3～16岁儿童的自然年龄。     

一种新的牙龄分类法

一种新的牙龄分类法杨富生，文玲英，蔡伟英，王小竞西安第四军医大学口腔医学院（７１００３２）年龄是评价儿童生长发育的重要指标之一。但对牙齿而言，由于个体差异较大，临床上经常可以看到同一年龄的儿童其口内牙齿的状况却相差较大。而牙龄则可以克服这一缺点。牙龄...     

基于机器学习的牙龄评测研究进展

牙龄是生物学年龄的一项重要指标,在口腔正畸学、牙科法医学、刑侦学等方面有重要的应用价值。牙龄评测的传统方法包括图谱法、计分法、牙髓腔增龄性评测法等,这些人工评测方法较为烦琐而影响其推广应用。随着人工智能和机器学习相关技术的发展,近年来出现了牙龄的智能评测相关研究,并在算法准确性等方面取得了一定的进展。本文对牙龄评测的传统方法和机器学习方法进行总结,归纳了在探索及实践过程中传统方法与现代方法的优势和不足,旨在为牙龄评测的后续研究和应用提供参考。     

Applicability of Willems method for dental age estimations in Tunisian children

Aim

This study aims to evaluate the applicability of Willems method in a sample of Tunisian children. Panoramic x-ray photographs of 500 children (241 females, 259 males) aged between 5 and 15 years were examined. The mean absolute error (MAE) was performed to assess the accuracy of age estimation. The chronological age minus dental age (CA-DA) was determined for each age group and for each gender. Independent samples t-test was employed to compare the differences between genders.

Accuracy of four dental age estimation methods in determining the legal age threshold of 18 years among South Indian adolescents and young

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of four commonly used methods of dental age estimation in a sample of south Indian adolescents and young adults aged between 14 and 30 years, with an age threshold of 18 years, using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC). A total of 1070 orthopantomograms (535 males and 535 females) of adolescents and young adults of south Indian origin were collected retrospectively and interpreted. The effectiveness of each method was evaluated by using sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) and AUC. Among all methods, I3M< 0.08 resulted in better values of AUC, Se and Sp which were 0.950, 91.5%, 97.8% and 0.950, 88.5% and 98.6% in males and females, respectively. For “stage H” of Demirjian’s system, the AUC, Se and Sp were 0.940, 84.9%, 97.7% and 0.930, 79.9% and 98.5% in males and females, respectively. The use of the Olze et al “stage 1 (or higher)” root pulp visibility and “stage D” of third molar eruption were not recommended in the studied population due to the greater percentage of third molars with incomplete mineralization in younger age groups and impaction. Taking into account the values of Se, Sp, both positive and negative LRs, we recommend the use of the cut-off value of I3M< 0.08 to discriminate adults and minors in south Indian adolescents and young adults.     

Effect of professional flossing with NaF or SnF2 gel on approximal caries in 13-16-year-old schoolchildren

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of professional flossing with NaF and SnF₂ gels on caries development on approximal tooth surfaces. Two-hundred-and-eighty 13-year-old schoolchildren were divided into 3 groups: (1) NaF (n = 97), (2) SnF₂ (n = 85), and (3) placebo gel group (n = 98). The investigation was carried out double-blind. The children were treated 4 times a year for 3 years with 1% NaF gel, 1% SnF₂ gel, or placebo gel. The treatment was carried out by dental nurses and the time required per visit was approximately 10 min. After 3 years, the mean approximal caries increment, including initial caries lesions, was 2.8 in the NaF, 2.4 in the SnF₂, and 4.0 in the placebo gel group (P &lt; 0.05 for SnF₂ vs placebo); a reduction compared to the placebo of 30% and 39% in the NaF and SnF₂ groups, respectively. Thus, professional flossing with NaF or SnF₂ gel carried out 4 times a year may be considered as an interesting caries-preventing method for large-scale application in schoolchildren.     

牙体解剖学教学中2种3倍大石膏牙雕刻方法的应用比较

目的:比较3倍大石膏牙雕刻的2种方法,探讨在教学中如何合理应用2种方法。方法:43名学生随机分为多面体法教学组(n=22)和1/2等分法教学组(n=21)。以右上中切牙3倍大石膏牙雕刻作为前牙雕刻的代表,以右上第一磨牙3倍大石膏牙雕刻作为后牙雕刻的代表,对2种雕刻方法的教学效果进行比较。应用SAS6.12统计软件包对数据进行处理,统计方法包括配对t检验和团体t检验。结果:统计学分析表明,初学时,对于右上中切牙的雕刻,2种方法取得的效果无显著差异(P>0.05);对于右上第一磨牙的雕刻,多面体法组的雕牙成绩比1/2等分法组高(P<0.05)。11个月后,上述2个牙的雕刻,2种方法所取得的成绩与初学时相比均有显著进步(P<0.01);但对于右上中切牙的雕刻,2组的进步无显著差别(P>0.05);而对于右上第一磨牙的雕刻,1/2等分法组学生进步大于多面体法组(P<0.01)。结论:针对不同牙位、不同学习阶段,应教授合适的雕刻方法,以提高学生的牙体雕刻水平。     

Evaluation of three different scoring systems for dental erosion: a comparative study in adolescents

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare three scoring systems for dental erosion representing different approaches: the recently proposed Basic Erosive Wear Examination (B.E.W.E.), the Simplified Tooth Wear Index (S-T.W.I.), and the Evaluating Index of Dental Erosion (EV.I.D.E.), which are introduced and calibrated in the present study, in order to contribute to the development of a standardised and validated erosion index.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which a random and stratified sample of 502 adolescents aged 14-16 years was examined using the aforementioned scoring systems.

Results

A significant number of Greek adolescents had experienced dental erosion: 58%, 51.6% and 45.2%, according to the B.E.W.E., S-T.W.I. and EV.I.D.E. scores, respectively. Additionally, 22.7-24.3% of the subjects had lesions into dentine (according to the EV.I.D.E. and S-T.W.I. scores respectively), whereas the B.E.W.E. classified all subjects with erosion in the “none” and “low” risk level categories. However, the use of the B.E.W.E. cumulative scores was important for avoiding the overestimation of the prevalence of erosion. The aetiological criteria of the EV.I.D.E. seemed to reduce the false positive cases.

Conclusions

The S-T.W.I. appeared to have the lowest content validity, while the B.E.W.E. was a convenient to use index, with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, the B.E.W.E. cut-off values have to be reconsidered in order to reflect the severity of the erosive lesions. The B.E.W.E. could also be supplemented with a group of sufficient validated aetiological criteria, which are necessary to establish a more accurate differential diagnosis of dental erosion.     

Dental age in patients with neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, hereditary, neurocutaneous skeletal condition with a variety of osseous manifestations. Although NF1 also affects craniofacial structures, the literature has only limited information related to the effect of NF1 on dental development. In this study the dental age of 34 Finnish NF1 patients, 8–17 yr of age, was estimated using the Demirjian & Goldstein method. The dental age of children with NF1 was similar to that of a Finnish control population. The findings suggest that NF1 does not affect the timing of tooth development.     

唇腭裂患者牙龄与骨龄关系研究进展

牙龄与骨龄常被临床医师用于评估患者的牙发育程度与机体的生长发育情况,并以此选择合适的治疗时机。许多研究显示,唇腭裂患者的先天发育缺陷常常导致其牙龄与骨龄滞后,这对临床医师把握其序列治疗的时机提出了较大挑战。因此,深入了解唇腭裂患者牙龄与骨龄的相关性及影响牙龄与骨龄的因素,具有重要的临床意义。本文分别从唇腭裂患者牙龄与骨龄的研究现状,影响牙龄与骨龄的因素,两者的相关性等方面进行综述。     

Sociobehavioural risk factors of dental caries among selected adolescents in Ibadan,Nigeria

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of sociodemographic and behavioural factors on the prevalence of dental caries among the adolescents in Ibadan.MethodMultistage sampling method was used to select participants from six secondary schools. In each school, an arm was selected randomly from each class and 30 students also randomly chosen per arm, with equal distribution of males and females. A structured questionnaire was administered. It consisted two parts, the first part assessed information on the sociodemographic characteristics, oral health behaviours and snacking habits of respondents, while the second part consisted of intra-oral examination to determine the caries status and oral hygiene (OH) levels of respondents.ResultThe age range of the participants was 10–19 years with a mean of 13.73 ± 2.02 years. The father's level of education had a statistically significant association with dental caries; prevalence of dental caries was high in the 10–14-years age group, in children of parents from high socio-economic (SE) class, those who reported brushing twice daily, those with poor OH and those who ate snacks in between their meals.ConclusionThis study reveals that high SE status, poor OH and daily consumption of biscuits were important factors in caries experience among the school children studied.     

Effectiveness of three age estimation methods based on dental and skeletal development in a sample of young Brazilians

ObjectiveThis study compared three methods designed for age estimation.MethodsA sample of 468 radiographs (234 panoramic and 234 carpal radiographs) collected from patients ranging from 5 to 14 years old (mean age: 11.27 years old ± 2.27 years) was used. Three age estimation methods: were applied: one founded on dental development, one founded on hand and wrist development, and a method combining both measurements. For each method, the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean percentage of absolute error (MPAE) were quantified. The methods: were compared based on their effectiveness for estimating age in relation to sex and age range.ResultsThe data show that the method exclusively using the development of the hand and wrist had the highest error rates (ME: 1.28 M, 1.85F; MAE: 1.64 M, 1.96F; RMSE: 1.94 M, 2.32F) for both males (M) and females (F). In males, the method combining dental and skeletal development obtained outcomes that were slightly better than the method founded on only dental development (MPAE: 6.99% and 7.47%, respectively). In females, the opposite result was observed (MPAE: 8.48% and 6.59%, respectively). The method founded exclusively on skeletal development significantly overestimated (p = 0.001) the age (mean chronological and estimated ages: 11.27 and 12.88, respectively).ConclusionThe methods involving dental development provided more accurate age estimates of chronological age. The method exclusively based on hand and wrist development resulted in outcomes that were highly discrepant from the chronological age.