首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
目的探讨宽体探测器CT在使用不同扫描模式、探测器宽度以及不同探测器位置时对影像高、低对比度分辨力的影响。方法使用GE Revolution CT, 在固定CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)情况下对Catphan600模体的高、低对比度分辨力模块进行扫描。逐层扫描模式时, 分别选择40、80、160 mm探测器宽度, 用探测器的足侧边缘、中心和两圈扫描的相邻区域对分辨力模块进行成像。螺旋扫描模式时, 探测器宽度/螺距组合分别为40 mm/0.516、40 mm/0.984、80 mm/0.508、80 mm/0.992 4组, 对位于扫描野的足侧边缘和中心的分辨力模块进行成像。由2名医生读取模体图像, 评估高、低对比度分辨力。结果逐层扫描模式下探测器宽度为80、160 mm时两圈扫描相邻区域, 以及螺旋扫描螺距为0.5时, 所得影像高对比度分辨力为8 LP/cm, 其余各探测器组合时均为7 LP/cm。逐层扫描时80、160 mm探测器足侧边缘区域所得影像1%低对比度可分辨直径为3 mm, 其余条件时可分辨直径为2 mm。螺旋扫描模式40 mm探测器宽度、螺距0.516时所得影像1%低对...  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨宽体探测器CT不同扫描模式、不同探测器宽度及信号采集位置对CT值及噪声的影响, 为临床实践中合理选择扫描模式和相关参数提供依据。方法使用GE Revolution CT对体部剂量模体进行扫描。逐层扫描模式时, 分别选择40、80、160 mm探测器宽度, 用探测器的中心、边缘和两圈扫描的毗邻区域对模体同一层面进行成像;螺旋扫描模式时, 探测器宽度/螺距组合分别为40 mm/0.516、40 mm/0.984、80 mm/0.508、80 mm/0.992, 对位于扫描野边缘和中心的模体同一层面进行成像。对所得影像的几何形状进行主观评价, 测量CT值和标准差(SD), 比较不同成像参数时各测量值之间的差异。逐层扫描模式不同扫描参数下CT值和SD的比较均采用多组间Friedman检验, 螺旋扫描时不同扫描参数下CT值和SD的比较均采用两相关样本非参数Wilcoxon检验。结果任意扫描参数组合所得影像的几何外形均无明显改变。逐层扫描模式使用不同探测器宽度时CT值差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.00, P=0.001), 40 mm时CT值和160 mm时CT值均大于80 mm, 差异具...  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨宽体探测器联合全模型实时迭代重建技术(ASIR-V)在肥胖患者上腹部低辐射剂量扫描中的应用价值。方法 根据体模实验找出常规上腹部扫描(管电压为120 kVp,噪声指数为10 HU)最佳前置及后置ASIR-V比例;在体模实验基础上,前瞻性收集需行上腹部CT增强的87例肥胖患者(体质量指数≥30 kg/m2),依随机数表法分为试验组(43例)和对照组(44例)。试验组采用宽体探测器(80 mm)CT联合前置40% ASIR-V行上腹部双期增强扫描获得A1组图像(默认为后置40% ASIR-V),再联合60%后置ASIR-V技术重建获得A2组图像。对照组采用常规探测器CT(40 mm)扫描后联合40%自适应统计迭代重建技术(ASIR)重建获得B组图像。比较试验组和对照组的辐射剂量、图像的对比噪声比(CNR)、图像噪声和主观评分(5分制法)。结果 常规上腹部扫描最佳前置及后置ASIR-V比例分别为40%及60%。试验组的有效剂量E为(4.55±0.95)mSv,低于对照组的(9.58±2.04)mSv(t=-14.773,P<0.001)。A2组除双期肝脏外,各部位CNR均高于A1及B组(q=2.160~3.209,P<0.05),双期图像噪声低于A1及B组(q=-4.212~-3.202,P<0.05),双期总体图像质量评分高于A1及B组(Z=-5.155~-2.561,P<0.05)。A1组双期各部位CNR及图像噪声与B组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),双期总体图像质量评分低于B组(Z=-3.298~-3.030,P<0.05)。A组双期图像质量评分均>3分,均能满足临床诊断需求。结论 肥胖患者采用宽体探测器联合前置40% ASIR-V技术,可比常规探测器扫描减少约53%的辐射剂量;联合后置ASIR-V重建技术,可在保持或提高图像CNR的同时优化总体图像质量。  相似文献   

4.
目的 通过仿真胸部体模研究胸部能谱CT不同方案成像模式与常规胸部CT扫描的辐射剂量、图像质量、对比噪声比及主观评分对比,获得最佳能谱扫描参数。方法 对仿真胸部体模分别进行常规胸部CT扫描以及3种不同扫描方式的能谱CT成像。3种能谱模式为宝石能谱CT (GSI)Assist模式(方案A)、管电流平均值时的GSI模式(方案B)及管电流最大值时的GSI模式(方案C)。所有扫描方式分别在噪声指数(NI)=9和11时,螺距0.984∶1,依次扫描。记录辐射剂量,同时测量感兴趣区(ROIs)5个不同层面水平的脂肪和肌肉组织的图像噪声值(SD)以评价图像质量。所有扫描序列由两位资深放射医师对肺窗肺纹理及分支5分制主观评分。结果 NI=9和11时,常规CT平扫与方案A、B、C的有效剂量(E)值分别为(8.0、8.5、6.2、10.4)和(5.3、5.1、4.3、6.2)mSv。NI=9时,常规胸部CT平扫与方案A、C的SD值差异有统计学意义(F=4.496,P<0.05);NI=11时,方案A、B、C与常规胸部CT平扫SD值差异有统计学意义(F=8.425,P<0.05);常规胸部CT扫描中,NI分别为9和11时SD值差异有统计学意义(t=-2.570,P<0.05);在相同能谱扫描模式中,NI不同,SD值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NI相同扫描模式不同及扫描模式相同NI不同时,CNR及主观评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 合理的能谱扫描模式与常规扫描的辐射剂量没有明显差异,但能谱扫描模式可以获得较高的图像质量。此外,选择合适的噪声指数在图像质量相仿的同时可以明显降低辐射剂量。综合辐射剂量及图像质量,能谱CT智能模式可以达到辐射剂量及图像质量的双向平衡。  相似文献   

5.
目的 研究腰椎数字化X射线摄影(DR)的焦点至探测器距离(FFD)与体表入射剂量(ESD)的相关性,探讨FFD对辐射防护的价值。方法 采用自动曝光模式(AEC)对腰椎骨密度(BMD)校准体模模拟腰椎正侧位DR摄影;去除滤线栅,参考腰椎常用摄影管电压,分别设定管电压为70和90 kV;改变FFD自100~240 cm范围内以10 cm递增,FFD共改变15次。德国 QUART dido 2100K型X射线剂量仪测量相关参数。Excel建立体模ESD、管电流、曝光指数(EI)与FFD关系曲线;SPSS 19.0作Pearson相关分析及回归分析。结果 (1)管电压70 kV时:FFD与ESD负相关(r=-0.922,P < 0.001);FFD与管电流正相关(r=0.991, P < 0.001);EI与FFD负相关(r=-0.938, P < 0.001)。(2)管电压90 kV时:FFD与ESD负相关(r=-0.955, P < 0.001);FFD与管电流正相关(r=0.994, P < 0.001);FFD与EI无相关(r=-0.523, P=0.051)。(3)不同管电压相关系数的差异性分析显示,FFD与ESD及管电流的相关性差异均无统计学意义。 (4)管电压70 kV时FFD与ESD值的回归方程:y=-0.805x+319.731(F=74.175,P < 0.001);管电压80 kV时FFD与ESD的回归方程:y=-3.152x + 457.613(F=133.524,P < 0.001)。结论 在DR摄影AEC曝光模式下,探测器获得相同曝光量时,FFD与ESD在腰椎X射线摄影中高度负相关。增加FFD可以有效减少腰椎DR摄影的ESD,利于辐射防护。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨双源CT大螺距、低管电压(kV)扫描联合迭代重建技术在经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)术前评估中的应用价值。方法 顺序入组疑主动脉瓣狭窄的60例患者行胸腹主动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查,按随机数字表法分成大螺距扫描组、联合低kV+迭代重建组和常规扫描组,每组各20例,分别对3组主客观图像质量、对比剂用量及辐射剂量进行对比分析。结果 主观图像质量评分常规扫描组仅3例符合TAVR术前评估要求,大螺距扫描、联合低kV+迭代重建组均明显高于常规扫描组(t=17.083、16.667,P<0.05),但大螺距扫描组与联合低kV+迭代重建组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组间客观图像质量参数信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);对比剂用量大螺距扫描、联合低kV+迭代重建组明显低于常规扫描组(t=-13.645、-14.647,P<0.05),但大螺距扫描、联合低kV+迭代重建组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);辐射剂量参数容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(E)值,联合低kV+迭代重建组均明显低于大螺距扫描、常规扫描组,且3组间差异均存在统计学意义(F=2 564.398、651.616、653.308,P<0.05)。结论 双源CT大螺距、低kV扫描联合迭代重建技术的图像质量能满足TAVR术前评估,同时可大大降低辐射剂量及对比剂用量。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨宽体探测器CT低剂量扫描在婴幼儿先天性心脏病检查中的图像质量及辐射剂量。方法 回顾性连续选取本院先天性心脏病患儿100例纳入研究,年龄均<3岁。根据扫描方案不同分为两组:低剂量组50例,男31例,女19例,年龄12 d至32个月,使用宽体探测器CT行低剂量心电门控轴扫;对照组50例,男26例,女24例,年龄19 d至27个月,应用多排CT容积螺旋穿梭技术扫描。分别测量两组图像升主动脉、主肺动脉、左心室、膈肌水平降主动脉及邻近肌肉组织的CT值和图像噪声,并计算信噪比(SNR)及对比噪声比(CNR)。采用双盲法评价心内结构、心外结构及冠状动脉的客观图像质量。记录每位患儿的容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP),并计算有效剂量(E)。结果 两组4个解剖区域的CT值、图像噪声、SNR及CNR,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组心内结构及心外结构的客观图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),冠状动脉的图像质量评分低剂量组显著高于对照组(4.10±0.90 vs. 2.88±0.82,Z=-5.818,P<0.05)。低剂量组有效剂量(0.57±0.30)mSv较对照组(2.39±1.15)mSv下降了76%,差异有统计学意义(t=-11.642,P<0.05)。结论 宽体探测器CT低剂量方案扫描婴幼儿先天性心脏病,在不影响图像质量的前提下,有效辐射剂量显著降低。  相似文献   

8.
目的 比较基于深度学习的uPWS R15软件与基于图谱库的MIM-Maestro 6.9软件自动勾画前列腺癌危及器官的勾画效果,为临床应用提供参考依据。方法 回顾性选取川北医学院附属医院肿瘤放疗科2018年至2022年收治的90例前列腺癌患者的CT资料。基于上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司开发的uPWS R15软件与北京明维视景医疗软件有限公司开发的MIM-Maestro 6.9软件对危及器官进行自动勾画,根据勾画时间(T)、戴斯相似系数(DSC)、雅卡尔相似系数(JSC)、豪斯多夫距离(HD)及平均最小距离(MDA)5项参数指标,评价uPWS软件与MIM软件自动勾画危及器官的效果。结果 uPWS软件的勾画时间小于MIM软件的勾画时间,两种软件勾画双侧股骨头、皮肤的效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),勾画右侧肾脏(tMDA=-3.43,zDSC=-4.03,zJSC=-4.16,P<0.05)、左侧肾脏(tMDA=-3.87,zDSC=-4.18,zJSC=-4.41,P<0.05)、小肠(tMDA=-8.57,zDSC=-9.99,tJSC=14.21,P<0.05)和直肠(zMDA=-4.00,tDSC=-9.98,tJSC=9.72,P<0.05)的差异均有统计学意义。勾画膀胱(z=-7.88、-9.00、-8.17、-8.74,P<0.05)及脊髓(z=-3.87、-4.43、4.03、3.05,P<0.05) HD、MDA、DSC、JSC的效果差异有统计学意义。uPWS软件自动勾画的DSC>0.7,而MIM软件自动勾画的DSC除了小肠和直肠外的其他危及器官均>0.7,且uPWS软件自动勾画危及器官(双侧股骨头、双侧肾脏、脊髓、膀胱、皮肤、直肠和小肠)的HD、MDA、JSC值均普遍优于MIM软件的勾画效果。结论 uPWS软件的勾画效果优于MIM软件,但MIM软件经过修改小肠和直肠后也能满足临床使用,为放射治疗前的准备节省了大量的时间。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨CT扫描中表浅器官剂量测量值和图像噪声的不确定性。方法 使用GE Revolution CT对离体头颅标本分别行逐层和螺旋两种模式20次重复扫描。取GE Revolution CT和Philips Brilliance iCT准直宽度80 mm,Siemens Somatom Definition Flash CT准直宽度40 mm,螺距均为1,对胸部模体进行45次重复扫描。以上扫描中各序列均保持容积CT剂量指数(volume CT dose index,CTDIvol)不变。用剂量计测量头颅标本右眼晶状体位置和胸部模体右乳腺中心位置剂量,剂量计传感器位置保持不变。重组传感器中心所在层面的5 mm层厚肺/软组织算法横断面图像,测量空气区CT值的标准偏差(图像噪声)。分别计算扫描3、5、10、20、30、45次剂量测量值及CT值标准偏差的平均值(Av)、标准差(SD)、变异系数(CV)和相对极差(RR)。采用Pearson和Spearman相关分析评估CT值标准偏差与剂量测量值之间的相关性。结果 头颅标本逐层扫描时剂量测量值几乎不变,螺旋扫描时测量值变化较大,20次测量RR达到10.67%。3台CT扫描仪重复扫描45次的剂量测量值RR分别达到43.83%、25.31%、14.32%。肺/软组织算法图像空气区CT值标准偏差变化幅度亦较大,但差异与剂量测量值不完全相关。结论 逐层扫描模式时,表浅器官剂量测量值稳定。螺旋扫描时,表浅器官剂量测量值和图像噪声均有较大变化。  相似文献   

10.
目的 分析不同剂量计算算法和不同射野设置对肺癌容积旋转调强计划(VMAT)的剂量学差异,为临床计划设计提供参考。方法 选择20例肺癌患者,分别设计4组VMAT计划:基于各向异性解析算法(AAA)的2野2弧(2F2A_AAA)、基于外照射光子剂量算法(AXB)射的2野2弧 (2F2A_AXB)、基于蒙特卡罗算法(MC)的2野2弧(2F2A_MC)、基于MC算法的1野2弧(1F2A_MC)。分别对不同算法、不同射野设置的计划,在靶区覆盖、高量控制、剂量均匀性指数(HI)、适形性指数(CI),以及危及器官(OARs)受照剂量进行评估。结果 3组不同算法的2F2A计划靶区结果表明,2F2A_MC在PGTV的D1%V95%(受到95%处方剂量所包绕的靶区相对体积)上均优于2F2A_AAA(D1%:t=-2.44,P=0.03;V95%:z=-2.04,P=0.04)和2F2A_AXB(D1%:t=2.34, P=0.03; z=-3.21,P<0.01)。 2F2A_AXB在PGTV的CI表现上优于2F2A_AAA(z=-3.66,P<0.01),与2F2A_MC相当。就危及器官而言,2F2A_AXB和2F2A_MC全肺的V5 Gy上分别较2F2A_AAA减少了0.68%(z=-2.69,P=0.01)和3.05%(z=-3.52,P<0.01)。2F2A_AXB计划在全肺Dmean为1776.44 cGy,均优于2F2A_MC(t=2.67,P=0.02)和2F2A_AAA(t=8.62,P<0.01)。2F2A_AXB的Body_5mm在V20 Gy相较于2F2A_AAA和2F2A_MC分别减少了1.45%(z=-3.88,P<0.01)和2.01%(z=-3.66, P<0.01)。而不同射野设置的两组计划结果表明,1F2A_MC在PTV1的CI和PTV2的HI上均优于2F2A_MC(CI: t=2.61, P=0.02; HI: z=-2.20, P=0.03)。1F2A_MC在全肺Dmean相对于2F2A_MC增加了26.29 cGy(t=2.28,P=0.04)。结论 在进行肺癌VMAT计划设计时,MC算法适用于靶区优先,AXB算法适用于危及器官优先;而仅有MC算法的情况下,靶区优先时推荐选择1F2A,危及器官优先时推荐选择2F2A。  相似文献   

11.
The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.  相似文献   

12.
13.
14.
Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.  相似文献   

15.
Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).  相似文献   

16.
KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief,intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.,≥90%of VO2 peak).  相似文献   

17.
Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods: Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% (4/22). A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% (8/22). Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.  相似文献   

18.
In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database®, contained within the AmpFlSTR® SGM Plus® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR® SGM Plus® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR® SGM Plus® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.  相似文献   

19.
Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula (BSF). Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types (A and B) of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 (87.5%) of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. (J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16: 253-257)  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号