登革2型病毒调控血管内皮细胞纤溶系统相关蛋白的表达

目的观察登革2型病毒（DV2）对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVEC）表达组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1（PAI-1）的影响。方法应用胰酶消化分离HUVEC并进行传代培养，用生长良好的第2．3代细胞进行试验。用cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）测定DV2感染后细胞活性变化；发色底物法测定感染DV2组和对照组培养液中tPA、PAI-1活性；RT-PCR检测细胞内tPA和PAI-1 mRNA水平。结果DV2感染对细胞活力的影响与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。感染DV2组培养液中tPA活性在12～72h显著升高（P〈0．05）；DV2诱导HUVEC表达tPA mRNA的水平显著上调，12h达到峰值，以后渐降，72h mRNA表达水平仍高于对照组（P〈0．01）。而DV2感染组培养液中PAI-1活性和PAI-1 mRNA的表达与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论DV2感染可显著上调HUVEC的tPA mRNA转录，增强内皮细胞tPA蛋白的分泌，而不影响PAI-1 mRNA的转录或改变内皮细胞PAI-1的分泌。结果提示DV2可活化但并不损伤内皮细胞，诱发内皮细胞增强表达纤溶酶原激活物而致使纤溶系统失衡，引起纤溶亢进，这可能是诱发DHF／DSS患者急性期出血、低血容量性休克等体征的主要因素之一。     

同型半胱氨酸和叶酸对内皮细胞tPA合成及其mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及叶酸对内皮细胞纤溶系统的作用,观察Hcy和叶酸对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)含量及其mRNA表达的影响. 方法将体外培养的HUVEC分为10个实验组0、10、50、200、500μmol/L 浓度Hcy组及叶酸(15μmol/L)和上述各Hcy共同培养组,培养24*!h后,酶联免疫吸附实验法(ELISA)测定各组细胞上清液中的tPA含量,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)半定量分析各组tPA mRNA表达水平. 结果与单纯培养基组(0μmol/L Hcy)相比,10μmol/L Hcy组(生理浓度组)tPA 含量及mRNA表达明显增高(P<0.05).超生理剂量Hcy时,tPA含量及mRNA表达剂量依赖性地下降,但与对照组差异无显著性(P>0.05).而与生理浓度Hcy相比,当Hcy浓度达到500μmol/L时,tPA合成及mRNA表达水平均明显减少(P<0.05).加入叶酸后,可以减弱Hcy抑制tPA合成及mRNA表达的作用,500μmol/L Hcy共同培养组与单纯Hcy组相比具有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论高Hcy可下调tPA 的mRNA表达,减少内皮细胞tPA的分泌,可能降低纤溶系统的活性.叶酸则可减少高Hcy引起内皮细胞纤溶系统的损害,起到保护作用.生理浓度的Hcy可上调tPA 的mRNA表达,增加内皮细胞tPA的分泌,可能提高纤溶系统的活性.     

IL-35对可溶性CD40配体诱导血管内皮细胞损伤的影响

目的 探索深静脉血栓(DVT)患者外周血可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)和白细胞介素(IL)-35浓度,并研究IL-35对sCD40L诱导血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用。方法 收集深静脉血栓急性期患者30例(DVT组)、健康对照者30名(HC组)外周静脉血3 mL。ELISA检测外周血清IL-35、sCD40L、IL-1β、IL-18的水平;体外培养人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)并分为3组,对照组(磷酸盐缓冲液)、sCD40L组(25μg/mL sCD40L)、IL-35组(20 ng/mL IL-35和25μg/mL sCD40L);CCK8法检测HUVECs的活力;ELISA检测细胞培养上清IL-1β、IL-18的水平;Western blot检测细胞GSDMD-N、cleaved caspase-1蛋白的表达。结果 DVT患者外周血IL-35水平显著低于对照者,sCD40L、IL-1β、IL-18的水平显著高于对照者(P<0.05)。DVT患者外周血IL-35与sCD40L呈负相关。体外实验表明：IL-35能抑制sCD40L诱导内皮细胞活力的损伤,降低sCD40L组细胞...     

活化蛋白C对脂多糖诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响研究

目的：观察不同剂量活化蛋白C(APC)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVECs）凋亡的作用。方法:将培养成功的HUVECs通过LPS（1 mg/L）孵育诱导细胞凋亡模型，并给予APC（10 μg/L）或APC（50 μg/L）建立药物治疗组，同时设立正常对照细胞组和单独LPS（1 mg/L）诱导细胞凋亡组。应用电镜观察细胞超微结构；DNA ladder与TUNEL荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡情况；Annexin-Ⅴ/PI双标记行流式细胞仪测定定量观察细胞凋亡率。同时采用MTT法测定细胞存活率和Western blotting测定增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA），以观察细胞的增殖变化。结果:通过细胞形态，DNA ladder和TUNEL荧光染色发现单独LPS诱导组的细胞可见明显的凋亡现象，而通过APC治疗组的细胞凋亡改变明显减轻和细胞凋亡率下降，同时细胞存活率和PCNA表达率增高，尤其在50 μg/L时，与单独LPS诱导组细胞比较差异显著（P<0.05）。结论:APC拮抗LPS诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡并促进细胞的增殖，发挥保护细胞的作用。     

妊娠高血压综合征患者vWF、t-PA、PAI-1的检测分析

目的:探讨妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者内皮细胞功能指标的变化及其临床意义。方法:应用ELISA法及发色底物法测定妊高征患者血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)、织织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性。结果:妊高征患者vWF、t-PA、PAI-1较正常非孕组明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);妊高征各组患者vWF、PAI-1活性比正常晚孕组显著增高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且病情越重增高越明显;t-PA无明显改变。中、重度妊高征组血浆vWF与PAI-1水平呈直线正相关关系(r=0.723,P<0.05;r=0.765,P<0.05)。结论:妊高征患者内皮细胞功能异常,凝血及纤溶抑制功能亢进。测定血浆vWF和PAI-1水平,对于临床诊断妊高征有重要意义。     

SRPX2经uPAR调控 人单核细胞系THP-1来源巨噬细胞迁移及M2极化

目的评价SRPX2蛋白对人单核细胞系THP-1来源巨噬细胞迁移及极化功能的影响。方法经佛波酯(PMA)诱导人单核细胞系THP-1为巨噬细胞后,将SRPX2重组蛋白作用于巨噬细胞,Transwell法检测细胞迁移,免疫荧光法检测SRPX2与uPAR的定位,Western blot检测相应信号通路蛋白的表达。再用IFN-γ及LPS诱导巨噬细胞的M1极化,SRPX2重组蛋白作用后,反转录PCR检测M1/M2标志物表达。结果 SRPX2明显促进人单核细胞系THP-1来源巨噬细胞的迁移(P0.01),加入uPAR中和抗体后,明显抑制迁移(P0.01)。在诱导M1极化的巨噬细胞中,经SRPX2重组蛋白作用后,M1标志物CD40和IL-6明显下降,而M2标志物CD206和IL-6明显上升(P0.01)。SRPX2与uPAR及CD11b的表达存在共定位。SRPX2重组蛋白作用后巨噬细胞FAK及Akt磷酸化水平增高。结论 SRPX2可能通过uPAR/CD11b/FAK/Akt通路促进人单核细胞THP-1来源巨噬细胞的迁移与M2极化。     

骨形态发生蛋白4通过ERK/MAPK信号通路影响人脐静脉内皮细胞的成血管能力

目的 研究不同浓度的BMP-4对于脐静脉内皮细胞体外成血管能力的影响并对其作用机制做初步探讨.方法 BrdU参入法检测细胞增殖情况,划痕实验检测细胞迁移情况,基质胶法检测细胞体外成血管能力,Western blot 检测phospho ERK1/2表达情况.结果 BMP-4在低浓度时具有抑制HUVEC的增殖,迁移和成血管,然而随着BMP-4浓度的升高,这种抑制作用逐渐减弱,并有恢复至正常水平的趋势.结论 不同浓度的BMP4对于HUVEC的增殖,迁移及成血管能力具有不同的影响,BMP-4可能是通过ERK/MAPK信号通路影响HUVEC成血管能力的.     

Toluene diisocyanate enhances human bronchial epithelial cells' permeability partly through the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway

Background Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a recognized chemical asthmogen; yet, the mechanisms of its toxicity have not been elucidated.
Objective To investigate the influence of TDI on the permeability of human bronchial epithelial cell (HBE; HBE135-E6E7) monolayers in vitro , and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these cells.
Methods TDI–human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates were prepared by a modification of Son's method. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of TDI–HSA on HBE135-E6E7 permeability. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to evaluate VEGF gene expression and protein release from HBE135-E6E7 cells stimulated by TDI–HSA. A VEGF-neutralizing antibody was used in monolayer permeability experiments to determine the role of the VEGF pathway in this process.
Results TDI–HSA significantly increased the permeability coefficients of HBE135-E6E7 monolayers ( P <0.01). TDI–HSA treatment significantly increased the expression of VEGF165 and VEGF189 genes ( P <0.01). ELISA showed that TDI significantly induces VEGF release from HBE135-E6E7 cells. Cells treated with TDI–HSA and VEGF-neutralizing antibody had significantly lower permeability coefficients than cells treated with TDI–HSA only ( P <0.01), but still significantly higher than control cells ( P <0.01). Cells treated with TDI–HSA had fewer tight junctions (TJs) than control and HSA-treated cells, and addition of the anti-VEGF antibody did not restore the original number of TJs.
Conclusion TDI increases the permeability of HBE cell monolayers, partly through a VEGF-mediated pathway. This suggests the importance of VEGF in TDI-induced pulmonary diseases, but shows that other pathways may be involved in the pathogenic process.     

Apelin and vascular endothelial growth factor are associated with mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells after acute myocardial infarction

This study was designed to determine the levels of early endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs),apelin,vascu-lar endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and stromal cell-derived growth factor-1(SDF-1) after acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and to investigate the relationships between these cytokines and early EPCs.Early EPCs,de-fined as CD133+,KDR+,and CD34+ cells,were quantified by flow cytometry.The levels of early EPCs and those cytokines in AMI patients were significantly different from those with coronary artery disease or controls(P < 0.05).Plasma apelin levels were inversely correlated with Gensini score and early EPCs(both P < 0.01).Early EPCs,VEGF and SDF-1 showed different patterns of changes in AMI patients during the first 24 h.The trend in the change of early EPCs was proportionally correlated with that of VEGF(P < 0.05).AMI patients exhibited in-creased early EPCs with remarkably decreased apelin levels and enhanced VEGF levels.     

HAPO蛋白的可溶性表达、纯化及生物学活性测定

目的:为了得到可溶性表达的人促血液血管细胞生成素(HAPO)蛋白, 构建含HAPO基因片段的pET22b(+)表达载体, 获得纯化的HAPO蛋白并检测其生物学活性.方法:利用RT-PCR技术从人胎肝中获得HAPO cDNA片段, 并克隆至表达载体pET22b(+)中, 利用基因工程菌BL21(DE3)进行表达, 产物利用Ni2+-螯合亲和层析及SP Sepharose FF柱层析分离纯化. 采用黏附实验检测HAPO对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)黏附性的影响.结果:从人胎肝中克隆出长为897 bp HAPO目的片段, 成功构建重组质粒pET22b(+)-HAPO, 其表达的融合蛋白以可溶状态存在, 表达量占菌体总蛋白的10%, 经分离纯化融合蛋白的纯度可达80%.活性测定结果表明HAPO以剂量依赖性方式增加HUVEC的总黏附性.结论:可溶性表达了HAPO蛋白, 并用体外实验证实HAPO对造血干/祖细胞归巢有一定促进作用.     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白2调节人脂肪间充质干细胞表达血管内皮生长因子

背景：重组人骨形态发生蛋白2可以促进组织工程骨血管化,但是对于其作用于人体细胞时的生物学规律不明确。目前对于重组人骨形态发生蛋白2调节人体细胞血管内皮生长因子表达的规律国内还未见相关报道。 目的：从基因和蛋白水平观察比较不同时间点重组人骨形态发生蛋白2诱导下人脂肪间充质干细胞血管内皮生长因子的表达。 方法：从成人脂肪组织中分离培养脂肪间充质干细胞,取第3代细胞用于实验,分为诱导组和对照组。诱导组采用终浓度为100 μg/L重组人骨形态发生蛋白2诱导人脂肪间充质干细胞,分别诱导3,6,12,18,24,36,48 h后收集样本,用RT-PCR和ELISA分别从基因水平和蛋白水平检测血管内皮生长因子的表达,并与空白对照组比较。 结果与结论：重组人骨形态发生蛋白2调节人脂肪间充质干细胞表达血管内皮生长因子具有时间依赖性,在不同时间点血管内皮生长因子表达量不同。与空白对照组相比,3-6 h时间段重组人骨形态发生蛋白2抑制血管内皮生长因子表达(P < 0.05),18-24 h时间段重组人骨形态发生蛋白2促进血管内皮生长因子表达(P < 0.05),当利用重组人骨形态发生蛋白2促进组织工程骨血管化时这两个时间段应当引起特别关注。     

Dengue hemorrhagic fever-associated immunomediators induced via maturation of dengue virus nonstructural 4B protein in monocytes modulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules and human microvascular endothelial cells permeability

We previously demonstrated that dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural 4B protein (NS4B) induced dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)-associated immunomediators in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, cleavage of NS4AB polyprotein by the NS2B3 protease, significantly increased immunomediator production to levels found after DENV infection. In this report using primary human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) transwell permeability model and HMVEC monolayer, we demonstrate that the immunomediators secreted in the supernatants of DENV-infected monocytes increase HMVEC permeability and expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Moreover, maturation of NS4B via cleavage of 2KNS4B is sufficient to induce immunomediators that cause HMVEC phenotypic changes, which appear to be synergistically induced by TNFα and IL-8. These data suggest that therapies targeting the maturation steps of NS4B, particularly 2KNS4B processing, may reduce overall DHF-associated immunomediator levels, thereby reducing DHF-associated morbidity and mortality. Alternatively, TNFα inhibitors may be a valid intervention strategy during the later stages of infection to prevent DHF progression.     

Circulating complexes of the vitamin D binding protein with G-actin induce lung inflammation by targeting endothelial cells

This study investigated the actin scavenger function of the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in vivo using DBP null (−/−) mice. Intravenous injection of G-actin into wild-type (DBP+/+) and DBP−/− mice showed that contrary to expectations, DBP+/+ mice developed more severe acute lung inflammation. Inflammation was restricted to the lung and pathological changes were clearly evident at 1.5 and 4 h post-injection but were largely resolved by 24 h. Histology of DBP+/+ lungs revealed noticeably more vascular leakage, hemorrhage and thickening of the alveolar wall. Flow cytometry analysis of whole lung homogenates showed significantly increased neutrophil infiltration into DBP+/+ mouse lungs at 1.5 and 4 h. Increased amounts of protein and leukocytes were also noted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from DBP+/+ mice 4 h after actin injection. In vitro, purified DBP-actin complexes did not activate complement or neutrophils but induced injury and death of cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cells treated with DBP-actin showed a significant reduction in viability at 4 h, this effect was reversible if cells were cultured in fresh media for another 24 h. However, a 24-h treatment with DBP-actin complexes showed a significant increase in cell death (95% for HLMVEC, 45% for HUVEC). The mechanism of endothelial cell death was via both caspase-3 dependent (HUVEC) and independent (HLMVEC) pathways. These results demonstrate that elevated levels and/or prolonged exposure to DBP-actin complexes may induce endothelial cell injury and death, particularly in the lung microvasculature.     

Innate response of human endothelial cells infected with mycobacteria

Endothelial cells are susceptible to infection by several pathogens, but little is known about mycobacterial infection. We analyzed some features of mycobacteria-endothelial cell interactions and the innate response to the infection. Intracellular growth in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) of three Mycobacterium species: M. tuberculosis (MTB), M. abscessus (MAB) and M. smegmatis (MSM) was analyzed. M. smegmatis was eliminated; M. abscessus had an accelerate intracellular replication and M. tuberculosis did not replicate or was eliminated. M. abscessus infection induced profound cytoskeleton rearrangements, with M. tuberculosis infection changes were less marked, and with MSM were slight. Nitric oxide (NO) production was induced differentially: M. abscessus induced the highest levels followed by M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis; the contrary was true for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Only M. tuberculosis infection caused beta-1 defensin over-expression. As a whole, our results describe some aspects of the innate response of HUVEC infected by mycobacteria with different virulence and suggest that a strong cytoskeleton mobilization triggers a high NO production in these cells.     

Effects of lycopene and apigenin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro under angiogenic stimulation

Angiogenesis is the formation process of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels. Solid tumors need angiogenesis for growth and metastasis. The suppression of tumor growth by inhibition of neoangiogenic processes represents a potential approach to cancer treatment. Lycopene has powerful antioxidant capacities and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lycopene on angiogenesis in vitro. For this reason, we measured in vitro angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells including parameters of cell proliferation, tube formation, cell migration. Lycopene and apigenin were observed to block the endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, they significantly decreased the capillary-like tube lengths, tube formation and endothelial cell migration. This study provides indications that apigenin and lycopene, which are considered as chemopreventive agents, to be effective in vitro on endothelial cells and angiogenesis.     

The role of the IL-33/IL-1RL1 axis in mast cell and basophil activation in allergic disorders

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a recently discovered cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 superfamily and acts as an important regulator in several allergic disorders. It is considered to function as an alarmin, or danger cytokine, that is released upon structural cell damage. IL-33 activates several immune cells, including Th2 cells, mast cells and basophils, following its interaction with a cell surface heterodimer consisting of an IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 (IL-1RL1) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). This activation leads to the production of a variety of Th2-like cytokines that mediate allergic-type immune responses. Thus, IL-33 appears to be a double-edged sword because, in addition to its important contribution to host defence, it exacerbates allergic responses, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. A major purported mechanism of IL-33 in allergy is the activation of mast cells to produce a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the genetics and physiology of IL-33 and IL-1RL1 and its association with different allergic diseases by focusing on its effects on mast cells and basophils.