老年人肾脏疾病的临床表现与病理特点分析

目的分析肾脏疾病在老年人中的临床表现和病理特点。方法收集60岁以上老年肾脏病患者51例,对其临床表现及肾活检病理进行分析。结果 51例老年肾脏病患者中,原发性肾小球疾病33例,继发性肾脏疾病18例。临床表现为肾病综合征(NS)28例,肾炎综合征10例,慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)5例,急性肾损伤(AKI)4例,肾病综合征合并急性肾损伤4例。老年原发性肾小球疾病最常见的病理类型为膜性肾病(17例),其次是Ig A肾病(5例),系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(4例)。在继发性肾脏疾病中,最常见的诊断是乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎(4例),其次为ANCA相关性血管炎肾损害和肾淀粉样变(各3例)。结论老年原发性肾小球疾病多见,且以膜性肾病为主。老年继发性肾脏病以乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎、血管炎肾损害和肾淀粉样变多见。肾病综合征是老年肾脏病患者最常见的肾活检适应证。对病因不明的老年肾脏病患者,应及早行肾脏病理活检,有助于明确诊断及治疗。     

1217例肾活检患者临床与病理资料分析

目的 了解行肾穿刺活检患者的流行病学特点及病理类型与临床表现间的关系.方法 回顾性分析1217例行肾活检者的性别、年龄、病理类型及临床表现等相关资料.结果 1217例患者行肾活检时的平均年龄为（30.86±13.41）岁,男性612例（50.3％）,女性605例（49.7％）.男性占本组原发性肾小球疾病（PGN）的52.2％,继发性肾小球疾病（SGN）的39.0％.肾脏病患者的高发年龄段为20 ～39岁（50.9％）.本组患者最常见的临床表现为肾病综合征（NS）610例（50.1％）,其余分别为尿检异常型（Uab）453例（37.2％）,反复发作性肉眼血尿型（rGH）89例（7.3％）,慢性肾衰竭（CRF）31例（2.5％）,急性肾损伤（AKI） 12例（1.0％）,高血压型（HT）11例（0.9％）,急性肾炎综合征（ANS）8例（0.7％）,孤立性肉眼血尿型（iGH）3例（0.2％）.原发性肾小球疾病以系膜增生性肾炎（MsPGN）,继发性肾小球疾以狼疮性肾炎（LN）为主要病理类型.本组患者中各临床分型均以系膜增生性肾炎为主要病理类型,除系膜增生性肾炎外,肾病综合征以MN,Uab以IgAN为主要病理类型.结论 原发性肾小球疾病是徐州地区最常见的肾脏疾病,男性、青壮年是高发人群,系膜增生性肾炎是最常见病理类型,肾病综合征是最常见的临床表现.     

10594例肾活检病理资料分析

目的回顾性分析南京军区南京总医院1979年1月～2000年10月10 594例因肾脏疾病行经皮肾活检者的病理类型,并比较前后10年间病理类型的变化.方法参照WHO(1982年及改良的1995年)肾小球疾病组织学分型修订方案,结合临床资料、实验室检查结果、免疫病理及超微结构改变特点,提出诊断设想,然后与临床医师共同讨论明确诊断.结果本组10 002例肾脏疾病患者行肾活检时的平均年龄31.4±13.0(范围1～78)岁,男女之比1.301;592例移植肾活检患者活检时的平均年龄为37.5±9.1(范围16～66)岁,男女之比为2.361.除外移植肾活检者,本组原发性肾小球疾病占70.58%,继发性肾小球疾病占22.82%,遗传性和先天性肾脏疾病占1.01%,小管间质性疾病占3.18%,新发现和罕见的肾脏疾病占0.15%,终末期肾脏疾病占0.96%,未分类者占1.30%.原发性肾小球疾病以IgA居多(39.55%),其次分别为系膜增生性病变(29.78%),膜性肾病(9.54%),FSGS(5.82%)…….最常见的继发性肾脏病变是狼疮性肾炎(57.78%).近10年来,继发性肾小球疾病的检出率逐渐增高.分析前后10年间各种原发及继发性肾脏病的检出率,证实近10年来IgA肾病、膜性肾病明显增多(P均＜0.001),新月体性肾炎(P＜0.0001)及抗GBM肾炎、HUS/TTP均有增加(P均＜0.001),而毛细血管内增生性肾炎、IgM肾病则减少(P＜0.001,P＜0.01).本组临床表现为慢性肾衰者607例行肾活检,其病因包括IgA肾病26.7%,血管炎14.3%……,临床以急性肾衰起病者则以急性间质性肾炎(29.54%)和急性肾小管坏死(26.02%)为主,新月体性肾炎(11.92%)和血管炎(10.03%)也很常见.除常见的肾小球、小管-间质和遗传性疾病外,本组还发现罕见及新认识的疾病如Niemann Pick病、Fabry病、POEMS综合征及脂蛋白肾小球病等.分析移植肾活检患者的病理类型,证实移植后肾功能减退除排斥反应外,还包括急性肾小管坏死等多种病因.结论本资料为国内最大系列的肾活检病理类型分布的研究,阐明了中国肾小球、小管-间质等疾病谱及20年来疾病的变化,并与文献进行了对比.本资料证实,近10年来原发性肾小球肾炎仍为我国最常见的肾小球疾病,其中以IgAN最常见,继发性肾脏病以LN多见,除LN外的其它继发性肾脏病和少见病逐渐增多;以慢性肾功能不全起病最常见的病理类型是IgA肾病,血管炎次之,急性肾衰则以急性间质性肾炎,急性肾小管坏死及新月体性肾炎等常见;移植后肾功能不全的病因除排斥反应外还有多种原因.     

老年及老年前期肾脏病的病理形态及临床特点

回顾性分析了２２３例老年及老年前期肾脏病患者肾脏病变的病理类型，其中原发性占６５．５％，继发性肾脏病占３４．５％，随着增龄，继发性肾脏病的发病率逐渐增加，在原发性肾炎中，膜性肾病最常见，继发性者则以糖尿病肾病（２９．９％），肾淀粉样变性（９．１％）及间质性肾炎（１５．６％）多见，肾病综合征及持特性尿检异常是最常见的初发临床表现，ＡＲＦ的发病率有所提高，与青年人相比，老年及老年前期患者存在明显的肾小     

老年肾小球疾病病理类型分析

目的 了解老年肾小球疾病病理类型及特点。方法 分析我院21例老年肾小球疾病患者病理类型特点，并与126例非老年肾小球疾病患者病理类型进行对照。结果 老年肾小球疾病占肾小球疾病发病总人数14．3％，男／女为1／1．1。其中主要为继发性肾小球疾病，占61．9％，其次为原发性肾小球疾病，占38．1％。老年肾小球疾病临床表现以肾病综合征和急性肾功衰竭为主，分别占47．8％和39．1％，其余为蛋白尿和／或血尿，占13．0％。老年原发性肾小球疾病病理类型所占比例依次为膜性肾病(50％)、IgA肾病(25％)和肾小球微小病变(25％)。老年继发性肾小球疾病所占比例依次为系统性血管炎(38．5％)、多发性骨髓瘤致肾损害(23．1％)、狼疮性肾炎(23．1％)、肾淀粉样变(7．7％)和糖尿病肾病(7．7％)。结论 老年肾小球疾病临床表现以肾病综合征和急性肾功衰竭为主，继发性肾小球疾病居多，其中系统性血管炎多见。原发性肾小球疾病病理类型中膜性肾病占首位。     

老年肾病综合征的临床表现和病理类型分析

目的：进一步了解老年肾病综合征的临床表现和病理特点。方法：对北京协和医院1980－1999年底住院老年肾病综合征病人进行临床表现和病理类型分析。结果：住院成人肾病综合征病人共513例,其中老年肾病综合征61例,占11．9％,原发病为原发性肾小球肾炎者49例,占80．3％,糖尿病肾病者7例,占11．5％。临床表现以浮肿、血尿为主,贫血的发生率为54．1％,慢性肾功能不全（CRF）为32．8％。肾活检发现,在非糖尿病肾病综合征病人用激素或激素加免疫抑制剂治疗的缓解率为47．85,有效率为30．4％,未缓解率为21．7％,一般激素或激素加免疫抑制剂效果较好,其临床表现与年轻人的肾病综合征相似,但合并贫血、急性肾功能不全（ARF）、CRF和感染的比例较高,最常见的病因是慢性肾小球肾炎,其病理类型以系膜增殖型肾小球肾炎最常见,其次是局灶增殖型肾小球肾炎,老年肾病综合征患者对激素或激素加免疫抑制剂治疗的反应尚可。     

老年及老年前期肾病患者的临床病理与治疗

分析了６４例老年及老年前期肾病患者的临床病理资料,并与儿童组及中青年组进行对比研究。结果表明,其临床表现以肾病综合征及持续性尿检异常最常见,约半数伴有肾功能异常,合并症及并发症多见。原发性肾小球疾病者占大多数,其中ＩｇＡ肾病最多见。与儿童组及中青年组相比,膜性肾病及膜增生性肾炎明显多见,微小病变少见,继发性者则以糖尿病肾病、肾淀粉样变较多见,疗效差。此外,肾小球硬化多见,肾小管间质病变较重亦为其病理特点。提示尽早肾活检及实施个体化治疗对老年及老年前期肾小球疾病患者尤为重要。     

106例2型糖尿病患者合并非糖尿病性肾脏损害的临床病理研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者合并非糖尿病性肾脏病变（NDRD）的临床表现与病理特点。方法回顾分析了2000年7月至2005年7月在中日友好医院肾活检证实的106例2型糖尿病患者合并的NDRD的临床表现和病理类型，依据年龄不同，分为青年（≤35岁）、中年（36～59岁）和老年（≥60岁）组，分析了三组患者合并NDRD的临床表现和病理特点。结果在青年组10例糖尿病患者中，NDRD临床主要表现为慢性肾炎综合征，占50．0％，肾脏病理主要为IgA肾病，占40．0％；中年组81例，临床表现多样化，肾病综合征占29．6％、慢性肾炎综合征占29．6％、隐匿型肾炎占16．1％以及非糖尿病肾病（DN）性肾功能减退者占24．7％，四者之间差异没有显著统计学意义，但肾脏病理主要为IgA肾病，占42．0％；老年组15例，临床主要表现为非DN性肾功能减退，占66．7％，肾脏病理主要为慢性肾小管间质性肾病，占40．0％。在青年和中年组患者中IgA肾病的患病率显著高于老年组，而老年组非DN性肾功能减退和慢性肾小管间质性肾病的患病率则明显多于青年和中年组。结论青年和中年糖尿病患者合并的NDRD主要为IgA肾病，老年组患者则主要为慢性肾小管间质性肾病。     

老年肾病综合征并发急性肾功能衰竭临床及病理分析

目的探讨老年肾病综合征(NS)并发急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)临床、病理特点及转归。方法对经皮肾活检病理检查确诊的30例老年NS并发ARF患者的临床、病理特点及转归进行回顾性分析,并与同期54例非老年NS并发ARF患者进行比较。结果两组病因均以原发性肾小球疾病为主,其中老年组以继发糖尿病肾病、恶性肿瘤为主;老年组肾活检病理类型以膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化为主,非老年组的肾活检病理类型多样;老年组NS并发ARF发病率较高,为25.0%(30/120),且男性多于女性,非老年组发病率为7.15%(54/755);老年组病死率高,治愈率低。结论老年NS并发ARF患者的病理类型以膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化多见,发病率高,治愈率低,预后差。     

4298例成年人肾小球疾病病理类型及流行病学特点

了解我国成年人肾小球疾病病理类型及流行产现学特点。方法：分析解放军肾脏病研究所１９８０－１９９６年间经肾活检确诊的肾小球疾病４２９８例。结果：原发性肾小球肾炎占７６．８％，继发性肾小球肾炎２２．８％，遗传性肾病０．４％；原发性肾小球肾炎男：女＝１．８１：１，继发性肾小球肾炎男：女＝０．４６：１，两组间存在统计学差异；原发性肾小球肾炎各型所占比例依次是：ＩｇＡ肾病（ＩｇＡＮ）３６．９％、系膜增生性肾     

Membranous nephropathy and crescentic glomerulonephritis

The most frequent causes of glomerular diseases whose main clinical syndrome are nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure may have several causes: acute tubular necrosis, thrombosis of renal veins, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Infrequently, the association between primary glomerular disease (membranous nephropathy and others) and crescentic glomerulonephritis can cause this clinical picture. We describe a young woman without systemic disease with nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure secondary to membranous nephropathy and superimposed crescentic glomerulonephritis. She received steroids and cyclophosphamide with stabilization of renal function after two months of follow-up.     

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??Abstract??Nephrotic syndrome is a common clinical type of glomerular diseases in the elderly and has its own characteristics in the pathological types??clinical manifestations and diagnoses.Renal biopsy is an important diagnostic method for patients with senile nephrotic syndrome.Membranous nephropathy is the most common primary pathology??while amyloidosis and diabetic nephropathy are common secondary causes.Individualized treatments should be performed according to ages and physical characteristics of the elderly patients.     

氟喹诺酮类药物肾损害

氟喹诺酮类药物是临床广泛应用的一类抗生素,可通过免疫机制、直接肾毒性及肾小管堵塞等机制,引起肾损害。急性过敏性间质性肾炎是最常报道的病理类型,也可有肾小管坏死及血尿、结晶尿等表现。临床常出现急性肾衰竭。对老年、合并基础肾功能损伤的患者应注意根据不同氟喹诺酮药物代谢途径及肾功能水平进行药物选择及剂量的调整。     

肾小球疾病间质泡沫细胞的分布及其与临床指标的关系

目的观测各种病理类型肾小球疾病间质泡沫细胞的分布特点及其与临床参数间的关系。方法选取2862名肾活检患者为研究对象,观察间质泡沫细胞浸润常见的病理类型及泡沫细胞的分布特点。对诊断明确的Aploa综合征（AS）5例,膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MPGN）28例,局灶节段硬化性肾小球肾炎（FSGS）144例,特发性膜性肾病（IMN）132例,IgA肾病（IgAN）893例按间质是否存在泡沫细胞进行临床参数的比较。结果（1）非继发性肾小球疾病泡沫细胞浸润高发的病理类型依次为AS（100％）、MPGN（46．43％）、FSGS（21．32％）、IMN（13．64％）、IgAN（6．69％）;（2）泡沫细胞浸润组24小时尿蛋白定量、血胆固醇水平以及反映肾小管功能损伤的指标均高于无泡沫细胞组（P〈0．05）。结论肾间质泡沫细胞浸润常见于AS,但在MPGN、FSGS、IMN和IgAN患者中均可出现,大量蛋白尿与高脂血症是导致泡沫细胞浸润的两大因素。间质泡沫细胞的浸润与间质损害有一定的关联。     

Paraneoplastic glomerular diseases and malignancies

Paraneoplastic glomerulopathies are rare manifestations of neoplastic disease to be distinguished from iatrogenic renal damage. Solid tumors are preferentially associated with membranous nephropathy, whereas Hodgkin's lymphomas are associated with minimal change disease. The most common neoplasia associated with paraneoplastic glomerular disease are carcinomas of the lung and of the gastrointestinal tract. Nephrotic syndrome is the most frequent presentation of paraneoplastic glomerulopathy and the most critical glomerular disease regarding prognosis and patient care. Renal biopsy is recommended in patients with glomerular proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome and cancer, depending on life expectancy and therapeutic options. The primary treatment must be directed at the cancer in all cases. Symptomatic treatment of the nephrotic syndrome with diuretics and ACE inhibitors is justified. Prevention of nephrotic syndrome complications, i.e. thromboses and infections, should also be addressed and systematic regular renal follow-up is warranted. All treatments should be regularly reviewed to avoid toxicity, associated renal function loss or low albumin levels for patients receiving albumin-binding drugs. Epidemiologic studies have low evidence-based value. There is no widely accepted experimental model of the association of glomerulopathy and cancer. Thus, epidemiologic and mechanistic studies are needed to determine the true prevalence of paraneoplastic glomerulopathies and investigate new pathophysiologic approaches.     

老年肾脏病患者行肾活检的临床表现及肾脏组织病理分型

目的 分析老年肾脏病患者的临床表现及肾脏组织病理学分型.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月在空军军医大学西京医院进行肾活检的老年肾脏病患者的流行病学特征、临床表现及肾脏组织病理分型.采用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据分析.结果 在4386例接受肾脏活检的患者中,共纳入老年肾脏病患者(≥65岁)360例,其...     

Renal Behçet's disease: a cumulative analysis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze cumulated data about renal involvement in Beh?et's disease (BD) and to report on 6 patients with BD and renal problems. METHODS: We found reports of 159 patients (including our patients) with BD and specific renal disease (amyloidosis 69, glomerulonephritis [GN] 51, renal vascular disease 35, and interstitial nephritis 4) in our survey. RESULTS: The frequency of renal problems among BD patients has been reported to vary between 0% to 55%. Male gender is a risk factor for all types of renal BD. Nephrotic syndrome was present in 83% of patients with amyloidosis, and renal failure was common at the time of diagnosis. The mean interval between the initial manifestation of BD and diagnosis of amyloidosis was shorter in men than in women (P =.02). AA-type amyloid fibrils were shown in all cases studied. Vascular involvement was common in the patients with amyloidosis (60%). The renal findings in GN show a wide spectrum, from asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria to rapidly progressive GN. Several types of glomerular lesions ranging from minor glomerular changes to crescentic glomerulonephritis are observed in BD. The common types of glomerular lesions among the reported cases are crescentic GN, proliferative GN, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephritis. Aneurysms may be located throughout the renal artery, from the orifice of the main artery to intrarenal microaneurysms. Another type of renal disease (amyloidosis or GN) and other major vascular involvement were present in all cases with renal vein thrombosis. Hypertension is common among patients with renal artery aneurysm or stenosis. Microscopic vascular disease was described in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on data in the literature, we suggest that renal involvement in BD is more frequent than has been recognized, although it is most often mild in nature. Amyloidosis is one of the prognostic factors affecting survival. Patients with vascular involvement carry high risk for amyloidosis, and administration of colchicine to these patients may be beneficial. More evidence is needed to accept interstitial nephritis as a manifestation of BD. In spite of some difficulties, hemodialysis and renal transplantation are safe treatment options in BD-related uremia.     

The Renal Histopathology Spectrum of Elderly Patients with Kidney Diseases: A Study of 430 Patients in a Single Chinese Center

The elderly population has significantly increased in China. However, data regarding renal histopathology in this population is lacking. The present study retrospectively analyzed renal disease spectrum of 430 elderly patients who had received renal biopsy at Peking University First Hospital between January 2003 and December 2012.Among 6049 patients receiving renal biopsies during the same period, 430 (7.10%) were elderly (≥65 years). The ratio of male (263 patients) to female (167 patients) was 1.57:1, with an age of 70.29 ± 3.99 (range 65–82) years at the time of biopsy. The most common indication for renal biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (59.53%), followed by acute kidney injury (AKI, 19.53%) and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN, 16.05%). The most common renal histopathology in primary glomerular disease was idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN, 61.02%), followed by IgA nephropathy (18.22%), minimal change disease (MCD, 9.32%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (6.78%). ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV, 43.95%) was the leading secondary glomerular disease, followed by HBV-related glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN, 24.2%), and amyloidosis (14.01%). In patients with nephrotic syndrome, iMN (50%) was the leading cause, followed by HBV-GN (16.02%), MCD (7.81%), and amyloidosis (7.81%). In patients with iMN, 89.5% presented as nephrotic syndrome, 8.39% as CGN. In patients with AKI, the leading cause was AAV (48.12%), followed by acute interstitial nephritis (20.48%) and acute tubular necrosis (8.43%).In conclusion, in elderly Chinese patients, the most common renal histopathology pattern was iMN in patients with nephrotic syndrome, and AAV in patients with AKI.