腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除术

目的：探讨腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术的操作技术及优越性。方法：本组45例患儿在腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除,胆道重建术。首先在腹腔镜监视下行胆囊穿刺造影,切除胆囊。然后用超声刀横断囊肿,近端游离至肝总管处切断,远端游离至胰胆管汇合处结扎切断,彻底切除囊肿壁。经脐部2cm切口提出空肠于腹壁外行空肠Roux-Y吻合,肝支30～35cm,然后将肠管送回腹腔经结肠后将肝支拉至肝下,将肝管与空肠端侧吻合。结果：45例患儿均在腹腔镜下应用超声刀完成胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术。手术时间3．5～6．0h(平均4．2h)。术中出血量10～50ml(平均15ml)。全部患儿无术中并发症。术后住院时间3～9d(平均5．5d)。38例获随访,随访时间1个月～1．5年,无吻合口狭窄及粘连性肠梗阻发生,肝功能检查正常。结论腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术安全可靠。优点为手术视野清晰,解剖层次清楚,术中出血少、创伤小,术后疼痛轻、切口小,手术瘢痕不明显。     

完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除并肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2014年5月—2016年5月12例行腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果:11例患者完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠吻合术,1例为减少手术费用在腹腔外行手工肠肠吻合。手术时间240~310 min,平均280 min;术中出血20~150 m L,平均60 m L;术后住院时间5~7 d,平均6.5 d。术后随访2~12个月,未出现手术并发症,无死亡病例。结论:完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿是安全可行的,且具有明显微创优势,可进一步推广。     

腹腔镜辅助治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠吻合术根治胆总管囊肿的手术方式及效果。方法对2008年1月至2010年8月间18例在腹腔镜辅助下行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术的病例资料进行回顾性分析。手术中均行胆囊造影,了解胆总管扩张情况及肝内胆管、胰腺管情况,同时行腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除,扩大脐部切口,将空肠提出腹壁外,腹腔外空肠吻合,腹腔镜下肝总管空肠端侧吻合。结果均完全在腹腔镜辅助下完成,手术时间3．5～4．0h。无中转开腹,术后近期无胆漏、肠漏等并发症,术后6～8d出院。结论腹腔镜辅助下行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术效果可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快,是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的较好术式。     

腹腔镜肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗52例3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿的疗效。方法2001年4月～2007年3月,采用腹腔镜技术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿52例,其中囊状扩张44例,梭形扩张8例。12例（23%）患儿合并肝门部肝管狭窄,行肝管扩大成形术;采用四孔技术和3～5 mm手术器械完成胆道造影、胆囊和胆总管囊肿壁全层彻底切除;延长脐部切口提出空肠,直视下行Roux—en—Y空肠吻合,然后还纳肠管;经结肠后上提空肠的肝支,镜下将肝管与空肠连续吻合。结果52例在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术,平均手术时间226 min（160～455 min）,手术中出血量5～10 ml,无手术中需要输血者。1例肝门胆管狭窄的患儿术后胆漏,持续腹腔引流26 d,自然愈合。术后1～2 d进食,无并发症患儿住院3～6 d。52例术后随访3～72个月,平均32.6月,肝功能正常,无并发胆管狭窄和胆管炎,无结石和胰腺炎发生。结论腹腔镜胆总管囊肿彻底切除肝管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合手术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿安全、可靠,镜下放大的手术视野有利于精确的手术操作。     

腹腔镜先天性胆总管囊肿切除术

目的 比较开腹和腹腔镜手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的效果.方法 回顾性分析1999年5月至2007年3月140例先天性胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料.按不同手术方法分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,均采用胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,比较两组疗效.结果 1999年5月至2001年2月开腹组收治患儿38例,2001年4月至2007年3月腹腔镜组收治患儿102例.平均手术时间:开腹组190 min,腹腔镜组224 min.开腹组术中、术后输血3例.腹腔镜组无术中、术后输血.开腹组术后并发症发生率为16%(6/38),明显高于腹腔镜组的5%(5/102),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.33,P<0.05).结论 对于先天性胆总管囊肿患儿采用腹腔镜行胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗,手术打击小,术后恢复快.     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术的手术体会及技术改进

目的 总结腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的临床经验,并探讨其手术技巧和技术改进.方法 2010年11月-2012年11月,共实施腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术31例.采用4孔法,先游离胆囊,行胆道造影,然后扩大脐部切口提出空肠,完成Roux-Y吻合,还纳肠管后再切除囊肿,行胆肠吻合术.结果 31例患者,2例中转开腹,29例完成腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治术,手术时间为200 ～ 460 min,平均260 min;术后早期并发症3例(9.7％),其中胆瘘1例;术后腹壁切口出血1例;Roux-Y胆袢扭转1例.术后患儿均获得随访,随访时间为3～ 27个月,全部患儿肝功能正常,超声检查无结石形成,未见胆管狭窄及扩张.结论 腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术安全可靠,效果满意.     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆道造影和胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术的可行性。方法:34例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行腹腔镜下胆道造影,胆囊和囊状胆管完全切除,经脐孔提出空肠行Roux-en-Y吻合和体内肝管空肠吻合手术。结果:胆道造影显示胆管囊状扩张24例,梭形扩张10例。33例腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,手术时间平均4.2h(3.5~6.5h);1例胰腺内胆总管远段囊肿中转开腹手术。4例合并肝管狭窄同时行胆管成形术。术后5~7d患者痊愈出院。31例获得随访,5~40个月未发生术后并发症。结论:腹腔镜下胆道造影简便实用,对指导镜下根治切除囊肿,避免损伤胆胰管连接部和处理肝内胆管狭窄有重要参考价值。     

腹腔镜治疗胆总管囊肿穿孔术中护理配合策略

正胆总管囊肿又称胆道扩张症,目前治疗金标准是胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术[1],但胆总管囊肿穿孔患儿多不能及时诊断,腹膜炎较重,手术耐受性差,开放手术多需要二期手术[2]。近年,我院为穿孔患儿采用腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、胆肠吻合术,术中护理密切配合,治疗时间明显缩短,临床疗效较好,本文现总结7例胆总管囊肿穿孔患儿的术中护理经验,以探讨胆总管囊肿穿孔患儿术中护理     

经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿根治切除术的技术要点

目的 对经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的关键技术进行探讨。方法 采用四Trocar技术首先行腹腔镜监视下胆道造影后切除胆囊，然后用超声刀游离胆总管囊肿前壁，切开囊肿前壁后，横断囊肿，向近端游离至胆总管与肝总管的交界处，向远端游离至囊肿与胰管的汇合处，彻底切除囊肿壁。经脐部2cm切口提出距Treitz韧带20cm处空肠于腹壁外，行空肠空肠Roux-Y吻合，保留肝支30-35cm，然后将肠管送回腹腔经结肠后拉至肝门下。用5-0可吸收缝线将肝管与空肠端侧吻合。结果 本组8例患儿手术全部成功。手术时间平均为4.8h(3.6-6h)，出血量10-50ml，吻合口直径1.0-1.5cm，术后平均住院时间4.5d(3-8d)。术后随访1-6个月，未发现逆行感染，肠粘连梗阻和吻合口狭窄发生。结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠吻合术是一种安全可靠的方法。     

腹腔镜技术在治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿中的应用

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的可行性、安全性及其临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年2月期间收治的采用完全腹腔镜囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术治疗的7例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 所有手术顺利,无中转开腹.平均手术时间210 min,出血量80 ml.术后第1日患者离床活动,平均2.4d排气或排便.除1例术后有少量胆汁漏外,无严重术后并发症发生,均恢复顺利,平均住院时间8.1d.术后随访3～30个月,无腹痛、发热或黄疸等症状.结论 完全腹腔镜成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y术安全可行,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,值得推广.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.