~(60)Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放射治疗鼻咽癌长期观察

目的 :分析6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率后装腔内放射治疗鼻咽癌的长期疗效及晚期放射性并发症。材料与方法 :回顾性分析 1 981年 6月至 1 988年 1 2月采用6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率后装腔内放射治疗鼻咽癌 64例。本组病例都随访 5年以上 ,失访者作死亡统计。结果 :本组病例 5年局部控制率为 82 .8% (5 3 /64)。 5年生存率和无瘤生存率分别为 75 .0 % (4 8/64)和 68.8% (4 4 /64)。鼻咽局部复发 6例 ,远处转移 8例、鼻腔骨肉瘤者 1例。晚期放射并发症 ,鼻腔死骨形成 1例 ,软硬腭骨穿孔 4例。结论 :后装腔内放射治疗适当减少鼻咽癌外照射剂量 ,增加鼻咽腔内加量照射。适应于鼻咽早期原发肿瘤和鼻咽癌外照射后鼻咽腔内残留病灶。为了减少鼻咽腔内晚期放射性并发症值得进一步改进鼻咽施源器     

鼻咽癌外照射加腔内近距离超分割推量照射的远期疗效分析

背景与目的:鼻咽癌的后装治疗一般采用鼻咽腔内治疗的方法进行推量照射,适用于局部早期鼻咽癌.福建省肿瘤医院率先开展鼻咽旁插植技术,无颅底破坏的局部晚期鼻咽癌采用后装治疗推量照射.本文分析腔内后装推量照射的远期疗效,探讨常规外照射的合适剂量配合后程超分割后装推量照射的临床价值.方法:1998年1月～2002年12月体外照射加腔内后装超分割推量放射治疗鼻咽癌患者352例,体外常规放射治疗50～70 Gy后进行腔内近距离超分割推量照射,外照射后咽旁间隙肿瘤残留者配合咽旁区插植放疗.采用个体化鼻咽腔内施源器,超分割照射每次2.5～3.0 Gy,2次/天,间隔6 h,总剂量5～32 Gy,中位剂量17 Gy.结果:本组l、2、3、5年生存率分别为97.0%、91.3%、87.6%、84.7%.总体5年生存率Ⅰ、Ⅱ期88.2%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期79.2%(log-rank检验,P=0.016);总体局控率Ⅰ、Ⅱ期94.1%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期91.7%(log-rank检验,P＞0.05).后组颅神经损伤32例(9.4%).结论:鼻咽腔内后装联合咽旁间隙捅植近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌取得良好的局控率和生存率,局部晚期鼻咽癌取得与早期鼻咽癌类似的局控率,咽旁间隙受累者咽旁插植增加颈动脉鞘区照射剂量,后组颅神经损伤发生率较高.     

天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院研制出新型鼻咽癌施源器

一种鼻咽癌短距离放疗新型施源器由天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院研制成功。经２５例患者共６０例次应用 ,与旧施源器比较鼻咽顶部剂量提高了１３４．６ % ,鼻咽后壁提高６０．７ % ,鼻咽侧壁提高４０ %。软腭下降了７５．１ %。临床近期疗效很好 ,被专家们认为是目前放射治疗鼻咽癌理想的施源器。鼻咽癌的治疗 ,放射剂量直接影响着疗效 ,单用外放射治疗提高局部剂量受到周围重要器官和组织的限制 ,腔内短距离放疗可提高局部剂量 ,但施源器的结构直接影响着靶区受量。该施源器是按鼻咽腔轮廓制作 ,两根施源管附在模体背面的两侧 ,模体底部有一隆…     

外照射加腔内近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌的临床观察

我院放疗科自1992年4月～1994年4月外照射加腔内距离放射治疗鼻咽癌70例,均经病理证实。首程治疗60例,鼻咽复发癌再程治疗10例。本组(结合组)与同期单纯外照射组的1、2、3年生存率没有明显统计学差异。两组中的鼻咽复发癌再程放疗的1、2、3年生存情况亦没有明显统计学差异。放疗后复发情况:结合组的鼻咽腔内复发率明显低于单纯外照射组,但其颅底与咽旁间隙的复发率,两组没有明显差异。采用腔内近距离放疗病人的鼻咽粘膜反应较单纯外照射重,鼻咽复发癌腔内放疗后易出现鼻咽出血。给我们的提示是:对鼻咽腔周围病变,外照射致局部控制没有把握时,不宜盲目行腔内近距离放疗。一般情况下,腔内近距离放疗只是腔内加量放疗,做为外照射的补充治疗,剂量不宜过高。     

介绍一种腔内后装放射治疗鼻咽癌的施用器

我院介绍一种自己研制的微型步进源腔内后装放射治疗鼻咽癌的施用器。 鼻咽癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤,放射治疗是有效的治疗方法,常用的放疗方法是外照射。近年来,近距离放疗发展很快。腔内近距离放疗为通过施用器,将微型放射源送入鼻咽腔内,直接对准外照射后残留与复发癌高剂量照射,局部杀灭作用强,治愈率高。 我们研制的施用器为鼻咽模型,用牙托粉制成的不规则立方体,其外形、大小与鼻咽腔相吻合。此模型中突出的部分是两条管道(用以放置装有施源管的导尿管),两管道中心线     

鼻咽癌高剂量率近距离治疗的近期疗效

1989年4月至1991年7月,72例鼻咽癌患者采用外照射加腔内放疗,其中根治性外照射后局部残存39例,复发6例,补量11例,计划性内外照射16例.腔内剂量参考点距施源器10～12mm,多数给予8Gy/次,1～3次,每周1次。局部控制在外照后局部残存组为100％,复发组为50％,总局控率93。3例发生软腭穿孔。     

高剂置率近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌的近期临床观察

本文报告48例采用外照射加腔内后装治疗鼻咽癌患者.其中计划性内、外照射29例,外照射未控补加腔内治疗9例,外照射放疗后鼻咽局部复发10例、腔内治疗使用~192Lr放射源,外照射总量5000~8500cGy.腔内治疗每次参考点剂量500~l000cG,总量1500~2500cGy.总鼻咽局部控制率91.7%.高于单纯外照射.为顽固性鼻咽癌的治疗提供了新方法.     

高剂量率近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌的近期临床观察

本文报告４８例采用外照射加腔内反装治疗鼻咽癌患者。其中计划性内、外照射２９例，外照射未控补加腔内治疗９例，外照射放疗后鼻咽局部复发１０例。腔内治疗使用＾１９２Ｉｒ放射源，外照射总量５０００－８５００ｃＣｙ。腔内治疗每次参考点剂量５００－１０００ｃＧｙ，总量１５００－２５００ｃＧｙ。总鼻咽局部控制率９１．７％。高于单纯外照射。为顽固性鼻咽癌的治疗提供了新方法。     

鼻咽癌放射治疗临床病理资料回顾性分析

目的:探讨分析鼻咽癌外照射结合腔内近距离放疗的疗效.方法:回顾性分析1997-01-2002-10我院171例鼻咽癌患者经60Co外照射后给予鼻咽局部192Ir高剂量率近距离放疗的临床资料.结果:171例5年生存率为72.88%;Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期5年生存率分别为100.0%、86.75%和64.45%,P=0.000 8;外照射后鼻咽局部无残留108例,5年生存率为82.24%;残留63例,5年生存率为63.53%,P=0.026 2.鼻咽近距离剂量≥8 Gy,长期生存率影响明显;未出现软腭穿孔、鼻咽大出血、蝶骨坏死严重放疗并发症.结论:外照射后对鼻咽近距离照射,局部控制率提高,提高生存率;对鼻咽癌外照射残留近距离放疗,疗效比较肯定;增加鼻咽局部近距离剂量,对长期生存率影响明显.     

^60Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放射治疗鼻咽癌疗效分析

目的　分析 6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放疗治疗鼻咽癌的疗效 ,局部控制率及放射并发症。方法 :回顾性分析 1989年 5月～ 1996年 3月采用 6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放疗鼻咽癌 30例。结果　本组病例总的近期局部控制率为 73.33% (2 2 / 30 ) ,无瘤生存率为 6 0 %转移11例 ,无一例发生晚期放射并发症。结论　腔内后装放疗鼻咽癌 ,可提高局部控制率 ,适应于鼻咽癌早期及鼻咽癌外照射后鼻咽腔内残留病灶。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.