岛状肌皮瓣在软组织恶性肿瘤术后修复中的应用

目的 彻底切除软组织的恶性肿瘤。方法 应用胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣,背阔肌皮瓣腹内外皮瓣,臀大肌皮瓣,足外侧皮瓣,切除肿瘤后大面积组织缺损的修复,结果 20例中18例成功,2例失败。其中1例皮瓣坏死,但肌蒂成活。结论 周身各部位的恶性肿瘤大面积切除后组织缺损,该皮瓣修复解决了组织缺损及修复问题。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期头颈肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期头颈肿瘤手术中的应用。方法应用胸大肌肌皮瓣一期修复晚期头颈肿瘤术后缺损262例（其中折叠瓣17例修复口内外穿通性缺损,20例胸大肌肌膜瓣修复口内缺损,5例胸大肌皮瓣联合游离植皮修复咽瘘,5例胸大肌肌皮瓣联合游离皮瓣双瓣修复颌面部洞穿性缺损）。舌再造62例,修复口咽53例,修复口底41例,修复口颊24例,修复颈部31例,修复下咽缺损22例,修复腮腺区缺损29例。结果262例肌皮瓣252例全部成活,8例皮瓣部分坏死肌瓣成活,2例肌皮瓣完全坏死,总的成活率为99.2%（260/262）。术后随访1～10年,所有患者术后进食、吞咽功能恢复良好,语言功能大多恢复良好。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣血供可靠,组织量丰富,且应用较灵活,可制作成肌皮瓣或肌瓣,对于晚期头颈肿瘤术后缺损是最优选择。     

头颈部癌切除后胸大肌肌皮瓣和胸大肌—肋骨—皮瓣一期修复

我院自1982年以来应用胸大肌肌皮瓣和胸大肌——肋骨——皮瓣一期修复头颈部癌切除后缺损6例,报告如下。 病例资料 本组6例病历摘要见附表,其中一例喉癌为喉全切除术后8日,因感染发生大咽瘘,于感染控制后,施行胸大肌肌皮瓣修复。3例术前行~(60)Co放射,剂量为4000～5200rad。除1例肌皮瓣坏死外,余肌皮瓣和胸大肌—肋骨—皮瓣均成活(图1)。术后咀嚼、吞咽、语言功能均正常,面形基本恢复正常(图2a、2     

多种组织瓣在口颊缺损重建中的应用

背景与目的：合理采用组织瓣进行口颊缺损重建,可以扩大口颊癌手术指征,改善患者的生存质量,延长患者生命。本研究目的是探讨组织瓣重建口颊缺损的指征,不同组织瓣的选择以及重建的手术技巧。方法：2005年9月至2007年8月间共行26例组织瓣重建口颊缺损手术,其中单纯口颊粘膜切除8例;口颊大型缺损18例,其中包括口颊面部皮肤洞穿切除11例,口颊、皮肤以及口角全缺损切除7例。26例患者中有7例行腮腺导管切除。胸大肌肌皮瓣转移重建5例,游离前臂桡侧皮瓣重建11例,游离股前外侧皮瓣6例,胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣4例。8例患者行术后放疗,剂量为66～70Gy。结果：围术期无死亡病例,1例皮瓣坏死,为游离前臂皮瓣重建病例;1例皮瓣部分坏死,为胸大肌肌皮瓣重建病例。皮瓣成功率为96．2％（25／26）。1例伤口积液,为涎腺瘘。所有患者均随访1-3年,7例复发患者中4例为原发灶复发,3例为颈部淋巴结复发。随访期间2例患者死亡,均为原发灶局部复发者。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣和游离前臂皮瓣是重建口颊大型缺损的良好皮瓣,是大于4cm的口颊缺损的首选：胸大肌肌皮瓣可作为口颊大型缺损重建的备用皮瓣;小于4cm的口颊缺损可选用胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣。     

带蒂背阔肌皮瓣在乳房重建手术中的应用

随着乳腺癌治疗模式的发展及患者观念的转变,乳房重建逐渐成为乳腺癌治疗的一部分。背阔肌因面积较大,且蒂部解剖变异较少,同时血供丰富可被改良成不同的皮瓣,因此被认为是良好的供瓣区。在乳房重建中,背阔肌肌皮瓣的应用较广,不仅可以使用全背阔肌或联合假体进行乳房重建,且可以根据不同的缺损范围选择合适的背阔肌皮瓣进行乳房缺损的修补。相比单纯植入物重建,背阔肌皮瓣可获得更为良好的乳房形态且对术后放疗影响较小;相比下腹部皮瓣,背阔肌皮瓣瘢痕较短,术后恢复较快。目前对于术后供区缝合方式的改进及辅助药物的应用,极大地降低了血清肿的发生率;腔镜技术的应用也避免了切取背阔肌皮瓣遗留的供区瘢痕。在临床应用中,背阔肌皮瓣行乳房重建患者满意率高,术后审美效果良好,是乳房重建中一种较为优势的手术方法。该研究总结了背阔肌皮瓣行乳房重建对并发症的控制并对近年来的手术中的问题作进一步探讨。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔口咽癌手术后组织缺损

目的:总结胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣应用于口腔口咽癌手术所致大型组织缺损的体会及其应用价值.方法:对51例因口腔癌或口咽癌手术治疗导致口腔颌面大型组织缺损的患者均选用胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣同期整复.结果:51例胸大肌肌皮瓣中43例完全成活,1例肌皮瓣皮肤完全坏死,7例远心端部分皮肤坏死.所有组织缺损,伤口愈合,患者术后语音和吞咽功能得到修复.结论:胸大肌肌皮瓣解剖变异较小,血供可靠,皮瓣制作简便安全,组织量大,是同期整复口腔颌面部大型组织缺损合适材料.     

134例头颈部肿瘤手术后缺损修复

目的：分析4种皮瓣修复头颈部缺损的效果、功能、并发症和供区创伤的大小，以为不同的缺损选择不同的皮瓣。方法：134例头颈部肿瘤患者，均行联合根治术加胸大肌肌皮瓣、颈阔肌肌皮瓣、额瓣、前臂皮瓣修复。结果：胸大肌皮瓣全部存活96例，部分坏死21例，坏死≥1／25例，全部坏死2例，颈阔肌皮瓣全部存活2例，部分坏死1例，全部坏死1例，4例额瓣和2例前臂皮瓣全部存活。结论：口腔及颈部大面积缺损需要胸大肌肌皮瓣修复，对需要洞穿修复的，尤其是女性，应尽量避免用胸大肌折叠瓣，可用复合瓣。对一般的口腔缺损用前臂皮瓣修复最为合适。     

提高头颈肿瘤术后缺损一期修复质量的体会

本文总结了头颈肿瘤术后缺损行一期修复８９例的临床经验，认为首次治疗的设计正确合理是一期修复质量的保证；全面掌握修复手段，不断提高修复技术是提高一期修复质量的关键。文中讨论了三角形皮下蒂皮瓣、颈阔肌肌皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣、舌骨下肌群肌皮瓣、舌瓣、腭瓣、额瓣、颈前带状肌（皮）瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、前臂游离皮瓣等各自的优缺点和适应症的选择。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在舌再造术中的应用(附86例分析)

目的报告舌癌行全舌、或舌大部、或舌根广泛切除术后，应用胸大肌肌皮瓣行舌再造术的经验。方法自１９８４年１２月至１９９５年９月，我院对８６例Ｔ３或Ｔ４舌癌根治术后的舌缺损，应用带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣同期进行了舌再造术。结果肌皮瓣全坏死１例。术后吞咽和语言功能恢复正常者分别为５９例和４４例。１，３，５年生存率分别为８６．０％、５１．２％和２３．３％。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣血供丰富，成活率高，无需微血管缝合，制作技术简单，易掌握。再造舌的外形和功能能满足临床需要。胸大肌肌皮瓣是舌切除术后广泛缺损的可靠修复材料     

38例舌癌切除后修复与再造术的临床体会

舌癌的外科手术治疗仍是当前治疗舌癌的首选手段,但常造成舌大部缺损或全舌缺损,给患者带来不同程度的吞咽、语言、咀嚼功能障碍及精神上的创伤。本文作者仅就1980年以来采用额瓣、前臂皮瓣和胸大肌肌皮瓣对38例舌大部切除和全舌切除的患者进行修复和再造,取得了较满意效果,现报道如下。临床资料一、年龄与性别本组38例中男34例,女4例。年龄最小30岁,最大70岁。二、肿瘤部位舌体癌21例,舌及口底癌14例.     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在舌再造术中的应用

报告舌癌行全舌,或舌大部或舌根广泛切除术后,应用胸大肌皮瓣行舌再造术的经验。方法 自１９８４年１２月至１９９５年９月,我院对８６例Ｔ３或Ｔ４舌癌根治术后的舌缺损,应用带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣同期进行了舌再造术。结果 肌皮瓣全坏死１例。术后吞咽和语言功能恢复正常分别为５９例和４４例。     

三叶前臂皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复重建中的应用

目的探讨改良的三叶前臂皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复中的应用价值。方法 2016年6月至2019年12月湖南省肿瘤医院收治的口底癌患者12例, T分期均为T2期, 其中高分化鳞状细胞癌9例, 中分化鳞状细胞癌3例。肿瘤切除及颈部淋巴结清扫术后, 缺损面积为5.0 cm×4.5 cm至8.0 cm×6.0 cm。制备三叶前臂皮瓣修复缺损, 皮瓣大小为4.0 cm×1.5 cm至8.0 cm×2.0 cm。供区Z形直接缝合。结果 12例患者术后皮瓣均成活, 创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。平均随访38.6个月, 患者无感觉、功能障碍, 吞咽、语言功能满意。结论三叶前臂皮瓣可有效修复口底癌术后缺损, 同时供区能直接缝合, 避免因植皮造成的第2供区以及植皮后影响前臂功能。     

One stage reconstruction of the floor of the mouth with a subcutaneous pedicled nasolabial flap

BackgroundNasolabial flaps have been recognised as versatile flaps for a variety of defects in the face, nose, lip and the oral cavity. Random pattern inferiorly based nasolabial flaps (NLF) have been utilised for covering small defects on the anterior floor of the mouth, but usually require a second stage procedure to divide the flap base. A subcutaneous pedicled inferiorly based nasolabial flap can provide a one stage repair of moderate sized defects of the floor of the mouth after de epithelialisation of the base of the flap.AimTo evaluate the feasibility of a single stage reconstruction of intermediate sized defects in the oral cavity with an inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The study includes the indications of use of the flap, flap design, technique, and the complications rate. The incidence of secondary procedures and the final functional and the aesthetic results will also be evaluated.Materials and methodsA group of 20 patients presented with (T1–2) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity have been treated at the Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo; in the period between January 2008 and September 2010. The pathology was confirmed with an incision biopsy and all metastatic work were carried out confirming that all patients were free from distant metastasis at presentation. Preoperative assessment also included assessment of the stage of the disease, the flap design and patient fitness for general anaesthesia. All patients underwent surgical excision combined with reconstruction of the defect with a subcutaneous inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The proximal part of the flap was routinely de epithelialised before it has been tunnelled through the cheek so a one stage procedure could only be required.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 62.3 ± 6 years, range (52–69 years). All patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. The anterior floor of the mouth constituted 40% of the defects, the lateral floor of the mouth 20% and the inner surface of the cheek 40%. There was no reported major complication; and only one patient suffered a reactionary haemorrhage that required re-exploration to secure the bleeder. A single procedure was adequate in most patients (80%), only 20% of patients required revision of the scar at the donor site or release of the tongue. The overall aesthetic results were either very satisfactory or satisfactory in the majority of patients (90%). Two patients were not satisfied with the final aesthetic results, one suffered from ectropion and the other had a donor site wound healing problem. The functional results (deglutition, speech) were satisfactory in most patients (70%), all were edentulous.ConclusionAn inferiorly based pedicled NLF is a reliable flap for the reconstruction of small and medium sized defects in the oral cavity. The flap can be best utilised for old edentulous and high risk patients where it can be used as a single stage procedure which is particularly useful in those types of patients. The flap can be safely combined with neck dissection even when the facial artery was ligated.     

乳腺癌乳房切除术后两种不同即刻再造方法的并发症和生存分析

目的 比较乳腺癌乳房切除术后两种不同即刻再造方法 的并发症和患者的生存情况.方法 选取女性乳腺癌患者128例,根据治疗方法 不同将患者分为带蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣组(腹直肌组)和带蒂横行背阔肌肌皮瓣组(背阔肌组),每组各64例.对两组患者的术后并发症发生情况、骨转移、全身多处转移、局部复发及死亡情况进行统计分析.结果 腹直肌组患者的术后并发症发生率和局部复发率均低于背阔肌组(P<0.05);两组患者的骨转移率、全身多处软组织转移率和病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 乳腺癌乳房切除术后带蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣即刻乳房重建术较背阔肌临床效果好.     

股前外侧肌皮瓣在舌根缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨股前外侧肌皮瓣修复舌根缺损的效果。方法 应用股前外侧肌皮瓣修复舌根鳞癌术后缺损一例，术后随访。结果 术后创口一期愈合，一年后随访舌体外形良好，吞咽及语言功能满意。结论 该肌皮瓣动脉血管蒂恒定、皮下脂肪较厚，适于修复舌根软组织缺损；皮瓣血管口径较大．易于吻合；供区隐蔽，取瓣方便。     

Reconstruction of oral defects using free revascularized jejunum transfer

Reconstruction of the oral cavity after extended surgery poses many difficult problems. The vital functions of the oral cavity, especially swallowing, mastication and breathing, are seriously impaired by resection of the tongue, floor of the mouth, gingiva or jaw bone. We have used the free revascularized jejunal transfer for reconstruction of the oral cavity in 10 patients and have had good functional and cosmetic results. The advantages of this method are as follows: 1) it is a one-stage operation; 2) the flexibility of the graft preserves maximal tongue function; 3) the graft can be applied to difficult anatomic sites, and 4) the mucosal defect is covered with jejunal mucosa and induration is minimum. Our success rate with this procedure has been 90%. In our experience, this transfer is useful for reconstruction of a massive defect in the oral cavity.     

Marginal mandibulectomy for carcinoma of the floor of the mouth.

Resection of primary tumors of the floor of the mouth mandates consideration of the management of the mandible which may be either involved by direct invasion or by close proximity. Segmental mandibulectomy can usually be performed when the tumor is either massive or directly invading the mandible. However, the cosmetic and functional results of segmental mandibulectomy are unsatisfactory. Whenever the tumor is close to the mandible or adherent to the periosteum, consideration should be given to marginal mandibulectomy. Over a period of 8 years, we have treated 65 patients with carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. Of these, 22 underwent marginal mandibulectomy. The number of patients staged T1, T2, and T3 were 4, 13, and 5, respectively. Most had oblique marginal mandibulectomy including the resection of the upper rim and medial cortex of the mandible. Vertical or horizontal mandibulectomy was rarely used. In each patient the preoperative workup included dental X-rays, panoramic films, and computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck. The decision as to the extent of mandibulectomy was made primarily based on the clinical judgement. Seven patients underwent marginal mandibulectomy through the open mouth. However, in the remaining 15 patients, the cheek flap approach was utilized. The defect following marginal mandibulectomy was reconstructed either with split thickness skin graft, tongue flap, or myocutaneous flap. Small defects were left open to heal by granulation and secondary intention. Split thickness skin grafts healed very well over the surface of resected mandibles. Good local tumor control was achieved at the primary site and the functional and cosmetic results were excellent.     

A long-term follow-up of pectoralis osteomyocutaneous flaps.

Reconstruction of the arch of the mandible has always been a difficult problem. The problem of reconstruction is compounded by bony defect and also the loss of soft tissue after resection of tumors of the floor of the mouth. A variety of different methods have been utilized for immediate and delayed reconstruction of the arch of the mandible with limited success. There are various post-operative complications and problems related to infection, soft tissue loss, and recurrence of the tumor. A free microvascular reconstruction is considered the best and the state of the art. However, it requires specialized training and expertise in microvascular surgery. Other methods have been successful, such as the pectoralis myocutaneous flap, pectoralis osteomyocutaneous flap, K wire, Steinman pin, and trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap. We have utilized the pectoralis osteomyocutaneous flap in six instances. Two of these patients have been followed for a long time, ranging from 7-8 years and we have noticed certain changes in the soft tissue and the rib. We are reporting here the long term results of the two patients who are alive from 7-8 years. The major finding in these patients was rib resorption and deteriorating cosmetic appearance and development of "Andy Gump" deformity.     

Sternocleidomastoid island flap preserving the branch from superior thyroid artery for the reconstruction following resection of oral cancer

Introduction

Sternocleidomastoid muscle has been described as a myocutaneous skin island flap where a skin paddle is taken over the lower aspect of the muscle for reconstruction of defect following resection of oral cavity cancer; however, its routine use is not recommended because of number of disadvantages including loss of flap. It is a superior pedicle based flap on the branch of occipital artery and lower arterial pedicle is sacrificed to gain the full length of the muscle. The oral part of the skin undergoes total or partial necrosis in many of the cases as this skin paddle receives its blood supply from a segment which is very far from the superior arterial pedicle.

Patients and methods

We describe a technique in which we preserve the branch from superior thyroid artery to the lower half of the muscle while raising the flap which leads to augmentation of the blood supply of the flap and reduces the incidence of necrosis and superficial sloughing. A total of 32 cases underwent reconstruction with this flap.

Results

The flap was used for floor of mouth defects in 8, tongue in 7, buccal mucosa in 8, base of tongue defects in 5 and lateral pharyngeal wall in two cases. Total flap loss occurred in 2, and loss of skin paddle in 5. Partial skin loss was seen in 3 cases. None of these 10 cases required secondary reconstruction as the mucosal defects healed by itself on prolonged nasogastric feeding and antibiotic cover. The final cosmesis was good.

Conclusions

Preserving the branch of superior thyroid artery supplements supply of blood and increases the viability of the flap. This flap may be a good option in select cases of oral cancer.