用荧光原位杂交技术检测早期自然流产胚胎染色体数目异常

目的应用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术检测早期自然流产胚胎染色体数目异常,以期发现经典的细胞遗传学方法可能遗漏的信息,探讨荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术用于诊断绒毛间期细胞染色体数目异常的临床应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对我院200例50—84天的自然流产胚胎的绒毛进行7条染色体数目（13、16、18、21、22、x和Y）的快速检测。同时,将绒毛接种、培养,进行常规细胞染色体核型分析,作为FISH检测结果的对照。结果被检测的200例样本中,用FISH检测,均获得诊断结果,检测成功率为100％,而常规细胞染色体核型分析,则只有169例获得诊断结果,检测成功率为84．5％。除一例染色体结构异常的标本FISH未检测出来外,余下标本,FISH检测结果与常规细胞染色体核型分析结果均相符合。结论FISH技术与传统的绒毛细胞培养染色体核型分析相比,过程迅速,方法简单,提高了诊断的成功率,但无法完全取代传统的染色体核型分析,应将两者结合应用于}临床。     

自然流产的遗传学检测及相关病因学研究

目的探讨自然流产病因及FISH技术的临床应用价值。方法对609例自然流产绒毛,应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术,选用13、16、18、21、22和X、Y染色体特异性DNA探针进行检测,同时对这609例绒毛进行常规染色体核型分析。结果 FISH检测结果与染色体核型分析结果一致,609例中,异常267例,异常率为43.84%,其中非整倍体异常243例,占91.01%。结论 1.胚胎染色体数目异常是自然流产的主要原因,FISH技术能快速准确的检测自然流产绒毛染色体的异常。2.绒毛染色体数目异常发生率与孕妇年龄相关,高龄孕妇较非高龄孕妇更易发生。     

122份稽留流产绒毛的FISH检测与染色体核型分析结果的对比

目的探讨FISH和核型分析在遗传检测稽留流产绒毛组织中的优势与不足。方法应用13、16、18、21、22、X、Y七条染色体特异性FISH探针对122例稽留流产绒毛进行杂交检测,同时进行细胞培养和核型分析。结果 122例标本中,绒毛细胞核型分析98例,成功率80.3%,发现异常核型49例,阳性率达50.0%;FISH检测成功率100%,数目异常35例,阳性率为28.7%。结论 FISH可以快速、准确地诊断染色体数目异常,成功率高,但无法检测结构异常,易受母体血和胎盘组织污染,核型分析可以检测所用染色体的数目和结构异常,但需要培养细胞,时间长,成功率不及FISH,但准确性高。     

绒毛染色体培养和荧光原位杂交技术应用于自然流产原因分析

目的分析自然流产与染色体异常的关系,探讨传统的细胞培养法和荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在临床诊断中的可行性。方法对89例自然流产患者绒毛同时进行传统细胞遗传学分析和荧光原位杂交分析。结果 89例绒毛细胞培养成功59例,检出染色体数目异常25例,结构异常3例,嵌合体3例;89例FISH实验成功率100%,检出13、16、18、21、22和性染色体数目异常29例。结论胎儿染色体异常是导致自然流产的重要原因,其中数目异常是最主要的类型,流产绒毛染色体分析和FISH技术在临床应用上各有优势,两种技术的结合可优势互补,提高诊断效率,在流产查因、产前诊断等领域应用前景广泛。     

用荧光原位杂交技术快速诊断100例早期自然流产胚胎染色体数目异常

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术用于诊断绒毛间期细胞染色体数目异常的临床应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对我院100例50-84天的流产绒毛进行7条染色体(13、16、18、21、22、X和Y)的快速检测。同时,将绒毛接种、培养,进行常规细胞染色体核型分析,作为FISH检测结果的对照。结果被检测的100例样本中,用FISH检测,均获得诊断结果,检测成功率为100%,而常规细胞染色体核型分析,则只有91例获得诊断结果,检测成功率为91%。FISH检测结果与常规细胞染色体核型分析结果均相符合。结论应用FISH技术检测未培养绒毛间期细胞染色体数目异常,具有快速,简便,使用样本量少等优势,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

用荧光原位杂交技术分析自然流产组织中的染色体异常

目的 评价荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)在自然流产组织染色体异常检测中的价值.方法 用GLP13/GLP21、GLP16/GLP22、CSP18/CSP X/CSP Y等3组探针对101例自然流产组织和死胎死产组织进行FISH检测,并对部分标本进行细胞培养和染色体核型分析.结果 101例标本中有100例FISH检测成功,获得高强度的荧光信号.共检出异常结果37例.细胞培养的33例标本中,30例培养成功.FISH与细胞培养结果相符者29例.结论 FISH技术用于自然流产、死胎死产组织的染色体分析成功率高,对标本的限制要求远低于细胞培养,具有省时、快速、高成功率等优点.     

两种方法应用于早期自然流产原因分析

目的通过对早期自然流产的绒毛进行传统的绒毛染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术两种方法的检测,对其结果分析,为临床早期自然流产查明原因,提供更准确的依据,对下次妊娠进行指导。方法对197例早期自然流产患者的绒毛同时进行传统的细胞遗传学分析-绒毛染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术两种方法的检测。结果 197例绒毛细胞培养成功179例,失败18例,检出染色体数目异常的核型有79例。197例绒毛荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术试验成功的有194例,其中3例无信号,检出13、16、18、21、22和性染色体数目异常的有75例。结论胚胎的染色体异常是导致早期自然流产的一个重要原因,其中数目异常为主要类型。我院用这两种方法同时对早期自然流产的绒毛进行检测,两种技术各有优势,两者结合后,大大提高了异常核型的检出。在流产查因中,两种方法同时进行会大大提高诊断效率,为临床医生指导患者下次妊娠提供更好的临床依据。     

用荧光原位杂交技术检测流产绒毛染色体非整倍畸变

目的探讨流产病因及评估荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在检测流产绒毛染色体非整倍体畸变中的价值.方法采用18、x和Y染色体着丝粒探针及13、21染色体单一序列探针,对58例自然流产绒毛标本同时进行FISH检测和常规染色体核型分析.结果FISH技术异常核型检出率24.1±O.12%,高于常规染色体核型分析(15.5%);常规染色体核型分析检出2例FISH探针计划检测外的异常核型46,xx,Ddel(2)(q21)和47,xx,+16.结论FISH技术能快速、准确地诊断流产绒毛染色体非整倍体畸变,与常规染色体核型分析结合运用,可为临床流产病因的探讨提供更为准确的依据.     

孕早期绒毛FISH检测和染色体核型分析在产前诊断中应用比较

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术和绒毛染色体核型分析技术在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法抽取384例孕8～12周的孕妇绒毛,同时将绒毛标本进行FISH检测和绒毛染色体核型分析。结果 384例绒毛标本FISH检测均得出结果,检测成功率为100%。FISH检测共检出54例阳性结果,异常核型检出率为14.1%。384例绒毛染色体核型分析中364例检测出结果,12例污染,8例无原因细胞不贴壁生长,检测成功率为94.8%。364例检出结果中异常核型检出59例,异常核型检出率为15.4%。结论 FISH检测绒毛标本具有快速、简便等优势,但只能检出非整倍体和嵌合体,应用具有一定的局限性。常规绒毛染色体核型分析操作技术要求高,培养时间长,但是绒毛染色体核型分析即能检出染色体的非整倍体又能检出染色体结构畸变。二者有机结合相互补充能够更好的服务于产前诊断。     

FISH技术在检测自然流产绒毛染色体异常中的应用研究

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术诊断自然流产绒毛组织染色体异常中的应用价值。方法应用FISH技术对78例孕早期流产绒毛组织进行13/16/18/21/22/X/Y染色体检测分析。结果 78例流产绒毛FISH检测结果中,共发现16例异常,异常核型检出率20.5%,其中发现三倍体4例;16三体4例;21三体5例;22三体3例。结论染色体数目异常是导致孕早期自然流产的主要因素,FISH技术可以快速地检测出流产绒毛组织染色体异常。     

116例绒毛细胞培养法制备染色体与核型分析

目的探讨培养法制备绒毛染色体在产前诊断与分析自然流产病因中的价值。方法对21例经腹穿刺绒毛标本与95例自然流产绒毛标本以培养法制备染色体核型并分析。结果腹穿绒毛培养成功率95.2%,检出5例异常;自然流产绒毛培养成功率92.6%,异常核型检出率48.9%,以常染色体三体与X单体多见。结论绒毛细胞培养法技术稳定、结果可靠,可用于胎儿染色体病的产前诊断与自然流产病因分析。     

Cytogenetic study of spontaneous abortions using semi-direct analysis of chorionic villi samples detects the broadest spectrum of chromosome abnormalities

Conventional tissue culturing and karyotyping of spontaneous abortions has limitations such as culture failure, external contamination and selective growth of maternal cells. Molecular cytogenetic techniques such as FISH, QF-PCR, and CGH allow diagnosis on uncultured cells but are also limited as to the spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities detected. We describe the cytogenetic findings in a series of 116 first trimester arrested pregnancies, obtained through chorionic villi sampling (CVS) and semi-direct analysis that avoids some of the long-culture pitfalls such as maternal contamination, and compare our results with those that would have been obtained theoretically using molecular cytogenetic techniques. Samples were obtained by transcervical CVS from women with a diagnosis of missed abortion, most of them referred for cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using semi-direct technique. A karyotype was obtained in 103 cases. Eighty-two abnormal karyotypes were found (80%), including 12 triploidies, 10 monosomies, 61 trisomies, and 9 structural abnormalities; a double abnormality being present in 10 cases. Between 10% and 50% of our abnormal results would have been missed using the most common molecular cytogenetic techniques. Semi-direct analysis of CVS may still be considered as a comprehensive, reasonably rapid, cost-effective and reliable method for detecting the broadest spectrum of chromosome abnormalities in missed abortions.     

Frequencies of fetal chromosomal abnormalities at prenatal diagnosis: 10 years experiences in a single institution.

We present frequencies of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in 4,907 prenatal cytogenetic examinations at Samsung Cheil Hospital from 1988 to 1997 for 10 yr duration. Prenatal karyotypes were undertaken in 3,913 amniotic fluid samples, 800 chorionic villi samples, and 194 percutaneous umbilical blood samples. The frequency of fetal abnormal karyotypes was 3.1% (150 cases). Numerical chromosome abnormalities were 87 cases (1.8%) and structural aberrations of chromosomes were 63 cases (1.3%). In the numerical chromosomal abnormalities, the frequency of trisomy 21 was by far the highest (36 cases), followed by trisomy 18 in 22 cases and sex chromosome aneuploidies in 19 cases. In the structural chromosomal aberrations, 5 cases had the inversions in chromosome 2, 7, 17, and Y. Chromosomal deletions in 6 cases and additions in 4 cases were analysed. Of the remaining 47 translocation in abnormal fetuses, reciprocal translocation was in 26 cases and Robertsonian translocation in 21 cases. Among them, 41 cases were balanced translocation and 6 were unbalanced. Thirty five cases of translocation were inherited from one of the parents. Four had de novo chromosome rearrangements, and 8 cases were unknown.     

107例稽留流产胎儿绒毛染色体分析

目的统计分析胎儿染色体核型异常与稽留流产发生的关系。方法对107例稽留流产孕妇行清宫术时,取胎儿绒毛组织,按常规技术方法制备绒毛细胞染色体,G显带后进行核型分析。结果检测分析流产胎儿绒毛共107例,核型异常64例,异常率为59.81%。其中数目异常58例,染色体结构异常5例。结论染色体异常是稽留流产的重要原因,对稽留胎儿绒毛进行染色体分析可为病因诊断和再生育的优生指导提供可靠依据。     

The value of fluorescence in situ hybridization in the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia. Prognosis is related to clinical staging and cytogenetic findings. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of CLL reveals abnormalities in approximately one third of patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is analytically more sensitive than conventional cytogenetics for specific chromosomal abnormalities. To evaluate the usefulness of FISH in CLL, a study of 100 CLL patients comparing conventional cytogenetics and a commercially available multiprobe FISH kit was undertaken. One hundred consecutive CLL patients (67 males, 33 females) were studied. The male-female patient ratio was approximately 2.0 to 1. Twenty-eight percent (28/98) of patients had abnormal karyotypes by conventional cytogenetics (one patient had no specimen for conventional cytogenetics and one had an unanalyzable karyotype), and of those 19/100 (19%) had more than one chromosomal abnormality. Sixty-four percent (64/100) of the patients were positive for at least one abnormality by the FISH probes used. The following abnormalities were noted with FISH: 11q22 ATM, 23/100 (23%); trisomy 12, 11/100 (11%); 13q14.3, 40/100 (40%); 13q34.3, 4/100 (4%); 17p13.1, 12/100 (12%). Conventional karyotypes revealed 2 patients with abnormalities of chromosome 6 (which FISH did not address); 11 with abnormalities of 11 or 11q; 6 with trisomy 12; and 4 with abnormalities of 17. Aberrations of 11q and 17p are reported to have a poor prognosis in CLL. FISH can identify abnormalities missed with conventional cytogenetics and is helpful in diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapy for CLL. Additional chromosomal changes are identified with conventional cytogenetics that are not addressed by the multiprobe FISH kit.     

荧光原位杂交快速检测自然流产胚胎染色体数目异常

月的探讨应用荧光原位杂交技术对早期自然流产组织染色体数目异常检测的临床价值。方法采用13、21和16、22和18、X、Y三组染色体探针,对45例自然流产患者的绒毛或胎儿组织标本进行FISH检测。结果共检出染色体异常25例,异常率为55．6％。异常类型有三体型14例、多倍体型8例、单体型2例及性染色体缺失型1例。结论FISH技术可以快速、简便地检测出流产组织染色体数目畸变,其应用可以为自然流产夫妇遗传咨询提供重要信息。     

Assessment of molecular cytogenetic methods for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities

Some marker chromosomes and chromosome rearrangements are difficult to identify using G-bands by Giemsa staining after trypsin treatment (G-banding) alone. Molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), can help to detect chromosomal aberrations precisely. We analyzed the karyotypes in 6 cases of multiple congenital abnormalities and 1 case of spontaneous abortion (case 2). Three cases (cases 1, 6, and 7) had marker chromosomes, and 4 cases (cases 2-5) had chromosomal rearrangements. The karyotypes in cases 1, 2, and 3 were determined using FISH with probes based on the clinical findings and family histories. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis in cases 4-7 showed that this method is useful and saves time. The combination of SKY and FISH analyses defined the range of the ring chromosome in case 7. We demonstrated that a combination of G-banding, FISH, and SKY can be applied effectively to the investigation of chromosomal rearrangement and to the detection of marker chromosome origins. We suggest the use of these methods for prenatal diagnosis, in which the inherent time limitations are particularly important.     

应用荧光原位杂交技术检测自然流产组织染色体数目异常

为评估荧光原位杂交技术在检测自然流产组织染色体数目异常中的价值和意义,本研究应用FISH技术检测105例自然流产绒毛或胎儿肌肉组织的13、21、18、X、Y染色体的数目,结果显示染色体数目异常的样本为45例,占其中42.86%;数目异常率大于60%的样本为39例;数目异常率介于10%-60%的样本为6例,其中早期流产组织中染色体异常的为29例,占64.44%;常见的数目异常类型为常染色体三体和X单体。与传统的制备染色体技术相比,FISH技术具有快速准确、稳定性高等特点,可以为查明流产原因提供依据,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

自然流产组织应用FISH技术的染色体异常遗传因素分析

目的分析兰州地区自然流产组织中的染色体异常发生率,并探讨染色体异常与自然流产的年龄、孕周、次数、胚胎性别的关系。方法应用荧光原位杂交（fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH）技术检测了299例自然流产的绒毛或胚胎组织。结果我们检测出了119例染色体异常病例,其中16-三体最为常见,占所有异常总数的27．73％,X单体次之,占18．49％。我们还发现自然流产与流产时的妊娠孕周和胚胎性别有关。结论染色体异常是自然流产的一个重要原因,尽早地遗传咨询能够有效的降低出生缺陷的发生率。