糖皮质激素在人工耳蜗植入残余听力保护中的应用

随着人工耳蜗植入适用范围的扩大,许多有一定残余听力的重度聋患者已被纳入其列,他们在人工耳蜗植入后对声音的定位、音调感知、回声及噪声下的言语识别率及音乐欣赏能力等方面较全聋患者更具优势.因此,最大限度的保存残余听力成为目前研究热点,而围手术期使用糖皮质激素是保护残余听力的人工耳蜗植入术重要措施之一.     

一侧人工耳蜗对侧助听器双模式聆听效果的研究进展

在耳聋患者中,有一部分是一侧耳重度或极重度聋,但对侧耳尚有一定的残余听力。随着人工耳蜗植入术适应症范围的不断扩大,越来越多的此类患者接受了单侧人工耳蜗植入(CI),形成了单耳听觉。然而单侧人工耳蜗植入患者的音调、音乐感知以及声源定位等能力不尽如人意。于是针对那些对侧耳有残余听力的单侧人工耳蜗植入者,出现了给非     

助听器与人工耳蜗的联合使用

人工耳蜗植入技术的适用范围已经从全聋患者扩宽到有残余听力的重度聋者，成为重度以及极重度聋患者恢复听力的重要康复手段。对于术后对侧耳仍具有残余听力的患者或者由于人工耳蜗植入电极的限制，使得植入耳的低频残余听力不能得到利用的患者，其残余频率段的言语识别率可能在随后的几年里呈进行性下降，     

内耳畸形人工耳蜗植入后听力言语康复效果分析

目的探讨内耳畸形患者人工耳蜗植入术,并对术后听力言语康复效果进行评估.方法 1997年至今,北京同仁医院共开展人工耳蜗植入术700余例,其中双侧内耳畸形患者108例,随访并回顾性分析97例,就不同原因内耳畸形的人工耳蜗植入术后开机调试及术后听力言语康复效果进行评估.结果①所有内耳畸形患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉;②术后经正规康复训练,患者听力言语康复效果均有不同程度提高;③目前大部分患者于正常学校就读或已经工作,重返主流社会.结论对内耳畸形患者行人工耳蜗植入术是安全可靠的,人工耳蜗植入术后远期康复效果肯定.     

人工耳蜗植入对耳蜗残余听力的影响

现代人工耳蜗植入已成为治疗极重度聋的重要手段,但患者术后效果差异较大.研究表明声电联合刺激模式对不同程度听力损失患者大有益处,这就使人工耳蜗植入后耳蜗残余听力的保留显得至关重要.本文将就人工耳蜗植入对残余听力可能的损害机制,一些保留人工耳蜗术后听力的现有方案及其效果做一综述.     

人工耳蜗植入对耳蜗残余听力的影响

现代人工耳蜗植入已成为治疗极重度聋的重要手段,但患者术后效果差异较大.研究表明声电联合刺激模式对不同程度听力损失患者大有益处,这就使人工耳蜗植入后耳蜗残余听力的保留显得至关重要.本文将就人工耳蜗植入对残余听力可能的损害机制,一些保留人工耳蜗术后听力的现有方案及其效果做一综述.     

人工耳蜗植入对耳蜗残余听力的影响

现代人工耳蜗植入已成为治疗极重度聋的重要手段,但患者术后效果差异较大.研究表明声电联合刺激模式对不同程度听力损失患者大有益处,这就使人工耳蜗植入后耳蜗残余听力的保留显得至关重要.本文将就人工耳蜗植入对残余听力可能的损害机制,一些保留人工耳蜗术后听力的现有方案及其效果做一综述.     

有低频残余听力感音神经聋的人工耳蜗植入术

目的介绍一种有低频残余听力感音神经聋的人工耳蜗植入技术,探讨人工耳蜗植入手术对有残余听力患者的治疗效果和价值。方法15例有残余听力的患者接受了保护残余听力的人工耳蜗植入手术。术中电极植入深度在19mm～24mm左右。术后分别检测单纯使用助听器、单纯使用人工耳蜗、人工耳蜗结合助听器三种不同状态下的听力。结果15例患者中,有13例术后残余听力保存良好,仅分别丢失5～20dB听力,但另2例术后残余听力全部丧失。术后在安静、信噪比15dB和10dB三种不同状态下的言语测试结果显示,人工耳蜗结合助听器使用者测试得分始终保持在很高水平;单纯使用人工耳蜗者也有较好的成绩,但在信噪比达10dB的条件下,测试成绩下降;而单纯使用助听器者,不仅在安静状态下听力成绩不甚理想,一旦加入竞争性噪声,听力测试成绩急剧下降。结论保护和利用残余听力的人工耳蜗植入技术,使人工耳蜗植入手术对象从重度或极重度聋扩大到高频为重度或极重度聋,低频（≤500Hz）为中、轻度聋的患者。接受这项技术患者的听力和言语识别能力均明显优于其单纯配戴助听器和单纯使用人工耳蜗时的听力和言语识别能力。     

人工耳蜗植入术残余听力保留现状和研究进展

随着手术方法和电极设计等技术的创新，人工耳蜗手术取得了一定的进步，使患者残余听力得到一定的保留。所有手术方法的共同目标即是：保护耳蜗内结构，保留残余听力，以提高听觉言语能力。人工耳蜗术后残余听力的丧失被认为是多种因素的结果，近年来，为获得更好的残余听力保留，人们在电极设计与选择、新型电极涂层、围手术期药物治疗、机器人辅助、图像和电生理引导等方面的研究有了新的突破，对于残余听力的保护有了很大程度的提高。本文将对人工耳蜗术后残余听力保护相关因素的进展作一综述。     

微创人工耳蜗植入术后残余听力保留的效果观察

目的报道解放军总医院微创人工耳蜗术后残余听力保留情况的初步观察结果,探讨术后听力稳定性以及低频残余听力与言语功能的关系。方法解放军总医院2011年对29例有残余听力的患者行微创人工耳蜗植入术,并对其术后低频残余听力及听觉言语能力进行随访1-2年,探讨分析不同低频残余听力水平及其他因素对言语识别能力的影响。结果29例患者术后1周低频残余听力保留率100%,完全保留率72.4%（21/29）,部分保留率27.5%（8/29）。25例随访成功,平均随访时间为18.8个月,低频残余听力保留率100%,完全保留率72%（18/25）,部分保留率28%（7/25）。术后18个月pre-GLFH组言语识别率高于pre-PLFH组,post-GLFH组言语识别率高于post-PFLH组,但均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。研究中术后言语识别率与植入前耳聋时间、植入年龄、性别等未见明显相关性,语前聋患者术后言语识别率高于语后聋患者（P＜0.05）。结论微创人工耳蜗植入术能很好的保留患者低频残余听力,保留率可达到100%;较好的术前低频残余听力可能预示较好的术后听觉言语功能;CI患者术后残余听力可较长时间保留,为术后获得较好的听觉言语功能提供基础;语后聋患者术后言语感知能力要优于语前聋患者,尤其是在困难聆听环境下。     

Cochlear implants: indications in groups of patients with borderline indications. A review

Cochlear implants (CI) represent the current treatment for patients affected by profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Initially only deaf adult patients were considered to be candidates for a CI; however, the development of technology and matured experience have expanded the indications for cochlear implantation. Today, CIs are implanted in adults and children and broader indications are followed. There are, however, a number of patients who do not completely fulfill the current indications and who are potential candidates for CI. The duration of deafness and residual hearing represent prognostic indicators for CI performance; however, the candidacy of children with residual hearing and prelingually deafened adults are still under debate. Anatomical variants such as cochlear ossification, cochlear malformation and chronic otitis media represented and still represent for some surgeons a contraindication to CI. The otological experience of CI surgeons and the advent of auditory brainstem implants have changed the approach to these patients, who may still benefit from hearing rehabilitation. This paper briefly analyses and reviews the results obtained in these groups of patients, who were not, at least initially, considered to be candidates for cochlear implantation.     

共同腔畸形人工耳蜗手术适应证及手术方法的探讨

目的：探讨共同腔畸形人工耳蜗手术适应证以及人工耳蜗电极植入人路的选择。方法：在对重度或全聋患者进行人工耳蜗植入术前影像掌检查中,发现了6例耳蜗、前庭、外半规管呈共同腔畸形,其中5例有残留听力,1例未查到残留听力。结果：6例影像学检查呈共同腔畸形患者中,对5例有残留听力患者进行了人工耳蜗植入,其中3例选择了常规入路植入电极,2例选择了经乳突侧入路植入电极,术后均建立了人工耳蜗的听觉反应。1例因未查到残留听力,放弃了人工耳蜗手术治疗。结论：有残留听力的共同腔畸形患者,如果能够接受术后听觉言语识别效果差的事实,可以进行人工耳蜗手术。无残留听力或无法了解到有听觉反应的共同腔畸形患者,在现有技术条件下应放弃人工耳蜗植入手术。     

Effect of preoperative residual hearing on speech perception after cochlear implantation

Objective: To assess the effect of substantial preoperative residual hearing on speech perception outcomes in adult cochlear implant recipients. Setting: Tertiary care academic referral center. Methods: Twenty‐nine patients with substantial preoperative residual hearing underwent cochlear implantation. Twenty‐one implant recipients matched for age and duration of hearing loss, but without preoperative residual hearing, served as controls. Postoperative speech perception was assessed using City University of New York sentence, consonant‐nucleus‐consonant, and hearing in noise test in quiet and in noise (+10 dB signal to noise ratio) tests at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after fitting. Results: After implantation, there were no significant differences between groups for any of the tests administered. The mean change in speech perception abilities from baseline was significantly greater for the control patients than those with substantial preoperative residual hearing at a number of the test intervals across the various conditions. Moreover, at both 1 and 3 months, some patients in the residual hearing group had speech perception scores that were worse than their preoperative values. Ultimately, all of the patients with substantial residual hearing surpassed their preoperative performance. Discussion: Patients with substantial preoperative residual hearing can gain significant benefit from cochlear implantation. Although the degree of improvement in these individuals is somewhat more modest than for those patients without preoperative residual hearing, the outcomes are still excellent. That there were no significant differences between the patient groups suggests that having substantial residual hearing before implantation does not provide a measurable performance advantage for electrical stimulation. Patients with substantial residual hearing who are contemplating cochlear implantation should be counseled regarding a possible initial decline in speech perception performance.     

Cochlear implantation in patients with substantial residual hearing

OBJECTIVES: Cochlear implantation is an effective means for providing auditory rehabilitation in adult patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. It has been hypothesized that patients with substantial, preoperative residual hearing would be excellent cochlear implant candidates because of surviving neural populations and a lack of auditory deprivation. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes of patients with substantial residual hearing who have undergone cochlear implantation. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of patients with substantial preoperative residual hearing who underwent cochlear implantation. METHODS: Chart reviews were completed for patients with substantial residual hearing who underwent cochlear implantation (City University of New York Sentence Test [CUNY] > 60%, Hearing in Noise Test sentences presented in quiet [HINTQ] > 50%, or Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant [CNC] > 20% in the ear to be implanted). Preoperative and postoperative measures of audiologic performance as well as complications were assessed. RESULTS: All 12 patients who met inclusion criteria ultimately surpassed their preoperative aided performance level after implantation and gained significant benefit from their cochlear implant. At 6 months postimplantation, mean CUNY, HINTQ, and CNC scores were 93%, 78%, and 48% in the implant ear alone, respectively. However, progress was slower than expected for many patients, and at least one patient took 1 year to surpass his preoperative performance level. There were no complications from surgery in this selected group of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with some degree of residual hearing do benefit from cochlear implantation. However, there may be an initial decline in performance as compared with preoperative levels. This decline is overcome in time in this patient population. These patients need to be counseled accordingly.     

双耳双模式聆听的优势及目前存在的问题

近十年来,人工耳蜗植入已经成为治疗小儿和成人重度以上感音性神经性聋的标准疗法.但在耳聋患者中存在这样一群特殊患者,他们一侧耳重度或极重度聋,但对侧耳尚有一定的残余听力.在中国大多数此类患者接受了单侧人工耳蜗植入,形成了单耳听觉.然而对于这些患者,其单侧人工耳蜗植入在其音调、音乐感知以及声源定位等能力并没有达到理想状态,是以针对那些对侧耳有残余听力的单侧人工耳蜗植入者,出现了给非植入耳佩带助听器的“双耳双模装配”模式,从而使患者能够“双耳双模式聆听”.那么相对于单耳听觉或双耳耳蜗模式究竟有何优势,并且就目前的研究或是技术而言,还存在哪些主要的问题呢？本文在回顾近年文献的基础上,对这些问题做一综述.     

Loss of residual hearing after cochlear implantation

Many cochlear implant recipients have some measurable hearing prior to implantation. Animal studies have demonstrated some loss of viable neural elements resulting from both mechanical insertion trauma and long-term electrical stimulation. The effect of implantation of a long intracochlear multichannel electrode array and subsequent electrical stimulation on residual hearing was evaluated. Forty consecutive cochlear implant recipients were assessed by audiometry at the Colorado Ear Clinic between July 1985 and June 1988. Twelve of these patients (30%) had some measurable residual hearing before implantation, although all had profound hearing loss, with no understanding of speech. All patients received a multichannel cochlear implant with all 22 electrodes inserted in each patient by an experienced cochlear implant surgeon. Audiometric testing was repeated between 2 and 24 months after implantation. Pure-tone threshold responses in the implanted ear were significantly reduced postimplant, while puretone threshold responses in the nonimplanted ear were stable.     

Effect of bimodal hearing in Korean children with profound hearing loss

Conclusion. Bimodal hearing with combined acoustic stimulation and electric stimulation could enhance speech performance in deaf patients by residual hearing even though the amount of residual hearing is not enough to be used for communication by amplification. Objectives. The cochlear implant (CI) is a well-known therapeutic option for patients with profound hearing loss. However, deaf patients with a CI still have trouble in localization of sounds and understanding speech in a noisy environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of bimodal hearing with a CI in one ear and a hearing aid in the contralateral ear in Korean children with profound hearing loss. Subjects and methods. Fourteen deaf children with residual hearing participated in this study. There were eight male and six female patients, with an age range of 4.6–13.8 years at the time of testing. The test was conducted between 3 months and 4.2 years after cochlear implantation. Speech performance was examined in a noisy environment using Korean word lists. A speech sound and the noise were presented to the child from the front loudspeaker. Results. The results showed that speech performance in a noisy environment was significantly better with bimodal hearing than with a CI alone.     

REZ-Ⅰ型人工耳蜗植入对成人残余听力的影响

目的 评估REZ-Ⅰ型国产人工耳蜗植入对成人残余听力的影响,探讨该人工耳蜗植入的听力学安全性及其损伤的特点.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院2009年9月至2009年11月间16例单侧REZ-Ⅰ型(22通道)人工耳蜗植入者在手术前后的纯音测听、听觉稳态反应(auditory steady-state response,ASSR)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)及听觉脑干反应(ABR)的资料,比较手术前后残余听力的变化情况.结果 纯音测听植入侧术后残余听力保留率为41.67%;术后植人侧250、500、1000、2000及4000 Hz的残余听力较术前下降,差异具有统计学意义,其中500 Hz下降较明显,平均下降15.3 dB HL,P<0.01;通过与非植入侧对比发现500和1000 Hz的听力损失有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).植入侧术后ASSR阈值在250和500 Hz处较术前升高,差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)),经与非植入侧对比发现500 Hz处ASSR阈值升高有统计学意义(P值<0.05).DPOAE及ABR植入前后差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 REZ-Ⅰ型人工耳蜗植入会对植入侧残余听力造成一定程度的损伤.     

Molecular mechanisms and roles of inflammatory responses on low-frequency residual hearing after cochlear implantation

Preservation of low-frequency residual hearing is very important for combined electro-acoustic stimulation after cochlear implantation.However,in clinical practice,loss of low-frequency residual hearing often occurs after cochlear implantation and its mechanisms remain unclear.Factors affecting lowfrequency residual hearing after cochlear implantation are one of the hot spots in current research.Inflammation induced by injury associated with cochlear implantation is deemed to be significant,as it may give rise to low-frequency residual hearing loss by interfering with the blood labyrinth barrier and neural synapses.Pathological changes along the pathway for low-frequency auditory signals transmission may include latent factors such as damage to neuroepithelial structures,synapses,stria vascularis and other ultrastructures.In this review,current research on mechanisms of low-frequency residual hearing loss after cochlear implantation and possible roles of inflammatory responses are summarized.     

单侧人工耳蜗植入术前后双耳残余听力变化的初步研究

目的 通过观察单侧人工耳蜗植入术后儿童双耳残余听力情况,分析其变化趋势,探讨各种可能的影响因素。 方法 将29例单侧人工耳蜗植入的重度极重度感音神经性耳聋儿童纳入研究,根据术前颞骨CT分为A组(有大前庭导水管综合征)和B组(非大前庭导水管综合征),分别于术前、术后1周、开机时、术后半年定期进行裸耳纯音测听,比较植入耳残余听力保存情况及非植入耳残余听力的变化。 结果 患儿术前双耳均不同程度存在残余听力,术后均定期行纯音测听或行为测听,各频率仍部分存有残余听力,主要分布在低频区,且随频率升高其残余听力保留率逐渐下降,各频率残余听力保留率之间差异有统计学意义(Wald χ2=16.980, P=0.001);植入耳与非植入耳各频率残余听力保留率之间差异有统计学意义(Wald χ2=10.031, P=0.002);术前后各时间节点残余听力保留率之间差异无统计学意义(Wald χ2=3.384, P=0.336); AB两组之间残余听力保留率之间差异无统计学意义(Wald χ2=0.906, P=0.341)。 结论 人工耳蜗植入对植入耳残余听力的保留主要分布在低频区;随着植入时间的延长,残余听力可以基本保持;少部分患儿行单侧植入后对非植入耳残余听力有影响;前庭导水管扩大症患儿行单侧耳蜗植入术后,非植入耳残余听力在短期内可有波动。