上海地区720例特应质儿童食物过敏临床分析

目的 探讨上海地区特应质儿童中食物过敏的发病情况和临床特点,以及食物过敏与其他过敏性疾病的关系.方法 采用国际上经典的食物过敏诊断方法 进行研究,对2007年7月-2008年7月因过敏症状在上海儿童医学中心过敏/免疫专科就诊的720例2个月～17岁特应质儿童,进行病史收集、皮肤点刺试验、排除性饮食试验和开放式食物激发试验.结果 最后确诊食物过敏59例(发生率8.19%).初次发生食物过敏的平均年龄为(0.40±0.33)岁.引起过敏的主要食物为鸡蛋(5.83%)、牛奶(2.78%),虾(1.67%)、鱼(1.25%);3岁以下儿童对鸡蛋过敏多见,≥3岁对虾过敏多见(P<0.01);94.92%的儿童对一种或二种食物过敏.食物过敏100%可引起皮肤症状,25%的特应质儿童因食物过敏引起湿疹;消化道症状发生率为3.39%;呼吸道症状发生率为1.69%;过敏性休克发生率为1.69%.≥3岁仍食物过敏的儿童吸入性过敏原阳性、患哮喘和过敏性鼻炎/结膜炎的人数均显著多于3岁以下的食物过敏儿童(P<0.01).结论 上海地区的特应质儿童中,食物过敏的发生率高,发生年龄小.对有皮肤过敏症状的儿童,应首先考虑食物过敏可能.早期诊断并阻断食物过敏,可预防其他严重过敏性疾病的发生.     

第三次中国城市儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的 了解我国城市儿童哮喘的患病率、发病规律及诊治情况.方法 于2009年9月至2010年8月在全国27个省或自治区,4个直辖市等共43座城市,开展0 ～ 14岁城区儿童哮喘流行病学调查.采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在各城市确定调查学校、幼儿园和社区.使用统一初筛问卷对儿童进行筛查,筛查出的可疑哮喘儿童由临床医生通过现场问诊、体检、查阅患儿病历及以往相关辅助检查结果等,明确其是否患有哮喘.对已确诊哮喘患儿做进一步问卷调查,了解其哮喘诊治情况及伴发过敏性疾病情况.所有数据使用Epi-Info软件进行双录入,使用SPSS软件进行统计分析.结果 共完成463 982名儿童的初筛,诊断哮喘13 992例,其中典型哮喘12 634例(90.3％),咳嗽变异性哮喘1358例(9.7％).确诊患者中既往已诊断哮喘9605例(68.6％),新诊断病例4387例(31.4％).我国城区0～14岁儿童哮喘总患病率为3.02％ (95％ CI:2.97％ ～ 3.06％),其中典型哮喘患病率为2.72％ (95％ CI:2.68％ ～ 2.77％),咳嗽变异性哮喘患病率为0.29％ (95％ CI:0.28％~0.31％).近2年(2009和2010年)哮喘现患率为2.32％ (95％ CI:2.28％~ 2.37％).男性儿童哮喘患病率明显高于女性[3.51％(8495/241811)和2.29％(5089/222 160),x2 =608.7,P＜0.01].以学龄前儿童(3～5岁)患病率最高(4.15％),明显高于学龄儿童(6～14岁)(2.82％)和婴幼儿(0～2岁)(1.77％).不同地区以华东地区最高(4.23％),东北地区最低(2.00％).不同城市以上海最高(7.57％),拉萨最低(0.48％).在确诊的哮喘患儿中45.2％(6321例)有家族过敏史,72.5％(10 143例)有个人过敏史,50.1％(7010例)伴有过敏性鼻炎.哮喘发作最常见诱因为呼吸道感染和天气变化(或接触冷空气),分别达87.9％(12 299例)和51.5％(7204例).哮喘患儿58.7％(8209例)曾使用过吸入激素,71.4％ (9986例)曾使用过支气管舒张剂,抗生素的使用率为75.1％(10 504例).5岁以上哮喘儿童中,峰流速仪的使用率为14.3％(1449/10 145).结论 我国主要城市城区儿童哮喘总患病率为3.02％,2年现患率为2.32％,不同性别、不同年龄、不同地域和不同城市儿童哮喘患病率存在明显差异,仍有近1/3患儿未得到及时和准确诊断,哮喘的用药和管理状况亟待改进.     

儿科基础

051918广东省2002年学龄前儿童生长发育状况及评价/聂少萍…//中国学校卫生.-2005,26(2).-111～113调查结果显示男童生长发育状况优于女童,城市儿童优于农村儿童。肥胖发生率城市高于农村,其中0～1岁女童及4～6岁男童肥胖率较高,分别为7.8%,9.8%;消瘦率、低体重率、生长发育迟缓率农村明显高于城市,其中消瘦率以0～1岁年龄段最高;低体重、生长发育迟缓发生情况相似,男童均以4～6岁年龄段最高,女童均以2～3岁年龄段最高。表2参9(张小冬)051919北京市石景山区入托儿童健康状况分析/武一萍…//中国基层医药.-2004,11(11).-1397     

乌鲁木齐市儿童哮喘患病情况调查及相关因素分析

目的调查乌鲁木齐市2010年0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率及相关因素。方法采用整群抽样调查方法,选择6个点,抽样人数12 000名,以问卷调查结合现场检查确认儿童哮喘患病情况,统计患病率并进行相关因素分析。结果实际调查人数11 929名,检出哮喘儿童132例,儿童哮喘患病率为1.11%。其中0～3岁婴幼儿哮喘患病率为0.42%,～6岁学龄前儿童患病率为1.00%,～14岁学龄期儿童患病率为1.36%,随着年龄增加,儿童哮喘患病率增高(χ2=17.43,P<0.01)。男女儿童的患病率分别为1.46%和0.75%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.82,P<0.01)。相关因素分析显示,有过喘息(OR=208.56,95%CI:122.45～355.24)、持续咳嗽多于1个月(OR=10.91,95%CI:7.53～15.80)、1年内患过6次以上呼吸道感染(OR=10.33,95%CI:7.29～4.64)、过敏史(OR=11.02,95%CI:6.69～18.16)、家族史(OR=5.84,95%CI:4.13～8.26)为哮喘患病的主要相关因素(P均<0.01)。结论乌鲁木齐市儿童哮喘患病率有上升趋势,学龄期儿童患病率最高。     

造血器官及血液疾病

951111 8 249名0一6岁儿童年龄段贫血状况及地区差异分析/刘惠龙//安徽医科大学学报.一1994,29(4).一285一286 1988年对韶关市所辖8县。一6岁儿童进行了贫血调查,其中城镇5 742人,农村2507人。年龄段分组为新生儿,1月一,4月~,7月一,1岁一,4~6岁。用碱化血红素法测定Hb。结果:中度以上贫血患病率:城镇儿童7~12月最高,农村儿童1一3岁最高。在7一12月城镇患病率高于农村(XZ~13.2,尸<0.01),在连一6岁则农村高于城镇(XZ~7.74,尸<0.01)。中度贫血主要集中在。一3岁,城、乡分别占构成比的90.1%和74.2%。4~6岁城、乡分别占构成比的9.9%和25.8纬。…     

The prevalence and related factors of asthma in Urumqi

目的 调查乌鲁木齐市2010年0 ～ 14岁儿童哮喘患病率及相关因素.方法 采用整群抽样调查方法,选择6个点,抽样人数12 000名,以问卷调查结合现场检查确认儿童哮喘患病情况,统计患病率并进行相关因素分析.结果 实际调查人数11 929名,检出哮喘儿童132例,儿童哮喘患病率为1.11%.其中0 ～ 3岁婴幼儿哮喘患病率为0.42%,～ 6岁学龄前儿童患病率为1.00%,～ 14岁学龄期儿童患病率为1.36%,随着年龄增加,儿童哮喘患病率增高(χ2 ＝ 17.43,P ＜ 0.01).男女儿童的患病率分别为1.46%和0.75%,差异有统计学意义(χ2 ＝ 12.82,P ＜ 0.01).相关因素分析显示,有过喘息(OR ＝ 208.56,95%CI:122.45 ～ 355.24)、持续咳嗽多于1个月(OR ＝ 10.91,95%CI:7.53 ～ 15.80)、1年内患过6次以上呼吸道感染(OR ＝ 10.33,95%CI:7.29 ～ 4.64)、过敏史(OR ＝ 11.02,95%CI:6.69 ～ 18.16)、家族史(OR ＝ 5.84,95%CI:4.13 ～ 8.26)为哮喘患病的主要相关因素(P均＜ 0.01).结论 乌鲁木齐市儿童哮喘患病率有上升趋势,学龄期儿童患病率最高.     

云南省15个少数民族7岁以下儿童贫血情况调查分析

目的 了解云南省少数民族儿童贫血的水平和分布特征.方法 采取随机整群抽样方法,调查云南省15个少数民族及汉族13 336名7岁以下儿童贫血情况.结果 云南省15个特有少数民族7岁以下儿童贫血患病率13.6％;不同民族间有差异(x2=716.33,P＜0.01),最高的是景颇族(26.6％),最低的是白族(3.5％).不同地区有差异,靠边境地域的州市贫血患病率高,德宏州居首(23.8％),内地州市贫血患病率低,最低的县市是福贡县(2.7％).男童贫血患病率高于女童,男童为13.8％,女童为12.1％;在不同年龄组内各民族贫血患病率差异有统计学意义(6个月～＜1岁:x2=70.52,P＜0.01;1 ～＜2岁:x2=185.86,P＜0.01;2～ ＜5岁:x2 =296.12,P ＜0.01;5～＜6岁:x2=107.11,P＜0.01;6～＜7岁:x2=185.02,P＜0.01),最高的是德昂族,1～＜2岁时达59.0％,变化趋势为:高峰在6个月～＜1岁组,以后渐下降,6岁后又上升.结论 云南省15个特有少数民族7岁以下儿童贫血患病率13.6％;不同地州不同民族的贫血患病率不同,相差较大;不同年龄段内不同民族的贫血患病率不同,相差较大,患病率为高峰在6个月～1岁组,以后渐下降,6岁后又上升.贫血患病率与民族和地域有关.     

22 609例西南地区2～18岁儿童青少年营养状况分析

目的调查西南地区2～18岁儿童青少年营养状况、危险因素和其对生化指标的影响。方法纳入2017年4月至2021年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院进行常规体检的儿童。BMI确定营养状况, 根据性别、地区、年龄进行统计分析, 采用多因素Logistic回归分析不同营养状况的危险因素。结果共纳入22 609例, 其中消瘦、超重和肥胖的总体发生率分别为5.87%、9.81%和10.50%。男孩肥胖和消瘦患病率高于女孩(χ2=24.79、12.39, 均P<0.05), 而超重患病率低于女孩(χ2=4.32, P<0.05);城市地区男孩超重患病率高于农村地区(χ2=4.68, P<0.05);男孩与女孩在三个年龄组中分别进行对比, 12～18岁年龄组中男孩肥胖患病率最高(χ2=12.49, P<0.01), 女孩消瘦患病率最低(χ2=6.18, P<0.05)。与男孩相比, 女孩发生肥胖(OR=0.80, 95%CI:0.73～0.87)和消瘦(OR=0.80, 95%CI:0.71～0.90)的风险降低。与12～18岁青少年组相比, 2～<6岁组儿童发生肥胖的...     

儿童变态反应性疾病变应原及血清特异性免疫球蛋白E检测分析

目的探究儿童变态反应性疾病与过敏原的关系,指导其临床防治。方法应用UniCAP的荧光酶联免疫法,对2008年10月至2009年10月于上海市儿童医院就诊的1173例变态反应性疾病患儿进行吸入性变应原(phadiatop)和食物变应原(FX5E)筛查及特异性抗体免疫球蛋白E(SIgE)检测。结果单因素Logistic回归分析显示,phadiatop(+)与哮喘发病显著相关(OR=3.32,95%CI=2.61～4.22);FX5E(+)与鼻炎显著相关(OR=2.85,95%CI=1.97～4.13);FX5E(+)与湿疹显著相关(OR=13.7,95%CI=7.46～25.08)。哮喘患儿phadiatop(+)显著高于支气管肺炎(χ2=71.8,P0.01),其FX5E(+)亦显著高于支气管肺炎(χ2=6.09,P0.05)。年龄≥3岁组以吸入性过敏为主,其阳性率显著高于1岁组及1～3岁组(χ2=7.94、9.07,P0.01)。1～3岁组以食物过敏为主,与≥3岁组差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.3,P0.01);1岁组亦以食物过敏为主,与1～3岁组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.37,P0.05)。SIgE阳性检出率:FX5E28.2%(331/1173),鸡蛋5.6%(66/1173),牛奶5.8%(68/1173),户尘螨19.5%(229/1173),粉尘满12.8%(68/1173),屋尘螨9.7%(66/1173)。吸入性过敏原中,以户尘螨44.6%(229/513);食物中最多为牛奶,占19.9%(68/341),鸡蛋占19.4%(66/341)。结论不同变态反应性疾病的过敏原不尽相同,可根据年龄和疾病症状不同而选择变态反应性检测。防治变态反应性疾病应采取特应性变应原的避免措施及抗原的药物治疗。哮喘儿童以吸入性过敏(尘螨)为主。     

中国16城市儿童哮喘患病率20年对比研究

目的了解近20年我国城市儿童哮喘患病率的变化及特点。方法选择在1990年、2000年、2010年均参与了全国0~14岁城市儿童哮喘患病率调查的城市。调查均在中心城区进行,样本量符合要求。三次调查均通过随机整群抽样方法,使用统一初筛问卷对儿童进行筛查,筛查出的可疑哮喘儿童由临床医生通过现场调查确诊。所有数据均进行双录入,使用SPSS19.1统计软件,对三次调查的儿童哮喘患病率(两年现患率),性别、年龄分布,起病年龄,发作诱因等进行分析。结果共16城市进入本次分析,1990年、2000年、2010年16城市总的患病率分别为0.96%、1.66%和2.38%,呈显著上升趋势,其中最明显的为上海和福州。三次调查患病率最高的城市分别为重庆、重庆、上海,患病率最低的均为拉萨。不同性别儿童均为男性患病率高于女性,患病率之比分别为1.49∶1、1.66∶1和1.57∶1。不同年龄阶段儿童,总体上以学龄前儿童患病率较高。儿童哮喘起病年龄表现为近20年逐渐后移,即1990年婴幼儿期起病多(61.8%),2010年则表现为学龄前儿童起病增多(37.5%)。儿童哮喘发作最常见诱因均为呼吸道感染和天气变化。结论 16城市中,多数城市儿童哮喘患病率显著上升,0~14岁儿童哮喘总的患病率较10年和20年前分别上升了43.4%,147.9%,儿童哮喘的起病年龄有所后移。儿童哮喘发作的诱因未见显著变化。     

三城市两岁以下儿童食物过敏现状调查

目的 通过多中心大样本研究了解我国0～2岁儿童食物过敏现状.方法 将2009年1月至2月及2010年1月至5月在重庆、珠海、杭州3城市儿童保健机构进行常规体检的儿童依次纳入研究.家长填写问卷调查表,对所有纳入儿童进行皮肤点刺试验,筛查的10种食物抗原提取物,包括蛋白、蛋黄、牛奶、大豆、花生、小麦、鱼(海鱼)、虾(海虾)、橘子和胡萝卜.根据皮肤点刺试验和病史结果确定的可疑病例进行食物排除和食物激发试验,按激发试验结果确诊食物过敏.结果 3城市1687例0～2岁儿童中除83例失访外,共有1604例儿童(重庆550例,珠海573例,杭州481例)完成诊断过程.食物激发试验确诊食物过敏儿童100例(重庆40例,珠海33例,杭州27例).重庆、珠海、杭州儿童食物过敏检出率分别为7.3％,5.8％,5.6％,3城市儿童食物过敏平均检出率为6.2％,3城市间儿童食物过敏检出率差异无统计学意义(x2=1.058,P=0.304);最常见的食物过敏原均为鸡蛋(3.0％～4.4％),其次是牛奶(0.83％～3.5％)、虾(0.17％～0.42％)、鱼(0.17％ ～0.21％).结论我国3城市0～2岁儿童食物过敏检出率为5.6％ ～ 7.3％;3城市间儿童食物过敏检出率相近;最常见的食物过敏原为鸡蛋,其次是牛奶、虾和鱼.     

Soy allergy is not common in atopic children: a multicenter study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of soy allergy (positive skin test and positive challenge test) in a large cohort of atopic children, many of them soy fed early in life for several months. In order to investigate the prevalence of soy allergy, two groups of children were enrolled into the study. The first group comprised a cohort of 505 children with personal history suggestive of food allergy. The second group included 243 children born of atopic parents, who had been soy protein formula fed for the first six months of life for the prevention of cow's milk allergy and who had been prospectively followed up, from birth to 5 years.
As regards the prevalence of soy allergy in the cohort of children suffering from allergic disease: 31/505 children (6%) had positive skin prick test to soy, however only six of the 31 children with positive skin prick test to soy had positive challenge test to soy.
With regard to the prevalence of soy allergy in the children who had been soy protein formula fed in the first six months of life (second group): 14/ 243 children (6%) had positive skin prick test to soy, but the double blind placebo control oral food challenge to soy was positive in only one of these 14 children. In conclusion documented soy allergy is not common in atopic children.     

2010～2011年深圳市福田区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的：调查2010～2011年深圳市福田区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病情况及哮喘发病的危险因素,为今后儿童哮喘的防治工作提供科学依据。方法：首先通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,采用2010年第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷,调查深圳市福田区7168名0～14岁儿童哮喘患病情况;其次采用1∶1病例对照研究方法和logistic回归分析法对哮喘患儿的发病危险因素进行调查。结果：在调查的7168人中,哮喘患儿169人,总患病率为2.36%。男性患病率高于女性（3.06% vs 1.55%,P<0.01）。哮喘患儿中,首次发病以3岁内居多（115人,68.1%）;经常发作强度以中度最常见（95人,56.2%）;发作类型以突然发作最多（159人,94.1%）;好发季节为换季（86人,50.9%）;好发时辰为睡前（97人,57.4%）;发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染（157人,92.9%）;发作先兆最常见的为打喷嚏（159人,94.1%）。通过对169例哮喘患儿及169例非哮喘儿童的病例对照研究并且经logistic回归分析显示,哮喘发病的独立危险因素包括：个人药物过敏史（OR=3.645,95%CI：1.316,10.094,P=0.013）、食物过敏史（OR=4.720,95%CI：1.987,11.212,P<0.001）、过敏性鼻炎（OR=10.273,95%CI：5.485,19.241,P<0.001）、家族过敏史（OR=4.221,95%CI：2.147,8.298,P<0.001）。结论：深圳市福田区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为2.36%,与10年前该地区儿童哮喘患病率2.39%比较无明显增加。男性哮喘患病率高于女性。个人药物过敏史、食物过敏史、过敏性鼻炎及家族过敏史是该地区儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素。     

��ͯ�Dz�����֢״����������Ե������

??Abstract??Objective To discuss the correlation between bronchial asthma and nasal allergy symptoms in children from 0 to 14 years in Hefei ??China. Methods Use uniform asthma epidemiological investigation form and randomly stratified cluster sampling to survey the children aged 0 - 14 years living in Hefei city between October 1 and December 31 in 2010?? who were divided into the asthma group and non-asthma group according to the the unified program developed by the National Pediatric Asthma Collaborative Group. These data related to nasal allergy symptoms were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Results This investigation showed that there was significant difference in various nasal allergy symptoms between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children??P??0.001??. The nasal allergy symptoms were significantly related to asthma. About 73.75% of the children in asthma group without a cold case firstly appeared nasal allergy symptoms?? who were mostly less than 5 years old. About 82.96% of the asthmatic children exposed to the cold air easily induced nasal symptoms. In any season?? the asthmatic children exposed to pollen were vulnerable to nasal symptoms. Conclusions The prevalence of asthma increases significantly in the past 10 years.It is important to prevent asthma by controlling the nasal allergy symptoms among children     

Parents' estimate of food allergy prevalence and management in Italian school‐aged children

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of food allergy, few studies have assessed the prevalence of perceived food‐induced symptoms among school‐aged children. There is also a paucity of data on how children with food reactions are managed. We investigated the frequency and characteristics of perceived food reactions in school‐aged children. Methods: Children aged 5–14 years were included in this cross‐sectional study. A standardized self‐administered questionnaire on food reactions was handed out to 900 parents. Results: We achieved a response rate of 69%. The lifetime prevalence of parental perceived allergic reactions to food was 10.5%; the point prevalence was 1.6%. Medical care included a call to a general practitioner in 54% of cases, self‐management in 37%, an emergency call in 6%, and hospitalization in 3%. Antihistamines were administered in 45% of food reactions, topical steroids in 24%, oral or parenteral steroids in 16%, and epinephrine in 1.5%. In children who reported food reactions, skin prick tests for foods were performed in 54% of cases; the oral food challenge test was performed in 7.5%. Conclusion: Parent perception of food allergic disorders is common in school‐aged children. Few children have undergone diagnostic tests to ascertain clinical food hypersensitivity. This is warranted to avoid unnecessarily restricted diets. Efforts should be made to train primary care physicians to manage food‐allergic children.     

Food allergy knowledge,attitudes, and beliefs of parents with food‐allergic children in the United States

Gupta RS, Springston EE, Smith B, Kim JS, Pongracic JA, Wang X, Holl J. Food allergy knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of parents with food‐allergic children in the United States.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 927–934.
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Parents of food‐allergic children are responsible for risk assessment and management of their child’s condition. Such practices are likely informed by parental knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of food allergy. Our objective was to characterize food allergy knowledge and perceptions among parents with food‐allergic children. Parents were recruited nationally between January 2008 and 2009 to complete the validated, web‐based Chicago Food Allergy Research Survey for Parents of Children with Food Allergy. Findings were analyzed to provide composite/itemized knowledge scores, describe attitudes and beliefs, and examine the effects of participant characteristics on response. A sample of 2945 parents was obtained. Participants had an average knowledge score of 75% correct (range 19–100%). Strengths were observed in each content domain; e.g., 95% of participants accurately identified the signs of a milk‐induced reaction. Weaknesses were limited to items assessing food allergy triggers/environmental risks and perceptions of susceptibility/prevalence; e.g., 52% of parents incorrectly believed young children are at higher risk for fatal anaphylaxis than adolescents. Parental attitudes/beliefs were diverse, although 85% agreed children should carry an EpiPen at school and 91% felt schools should have staff trained in food allergy. One in four parents reported food allergy caused a strain on their marriage/relationship, and 40% reported experiencing hostility from other parents when trying to accommodate their child’s food allergy. In conclusion, parents in our study exhibited solid baseline knowledge although several important misconceptions were identified. While a broad spectrum of parental perceptions was observed, a large proportion of parents reported that their child’s food allergy had an adverse impact on personal relationships and also agreed on certain policies to address food allergy in schools.     

Comparison of food allergy prevalence among Chinese infants in Chongqing, 2009 versus 1999

Background: Food allergy prevalence is increasing in developed countries, but these results have not yet been verified in developing countries, especially in China. Our aim was to determine whether the prevalence and characteristics of food allergy have changed over the last 10 years in Chongqing, China. Methods: Two cross‐sectional studies were performed, 10 years apart (1999 and 2009) using the same diagnostic methods in the same age group (0–24 months) of the same clinic in Chongqing, China. A total of 401 infants were randomly selected for the present study. Food allergy was confirmed by food challenge. spss 15.0 was used to analyze the difference in prevalence. Results: Food allergy prevalence increased significantly from 3.5% in 1999 to 7.7% in 2009 (P= 0.017). The prevalence of a positive skin‐prick‐test response was also increased (from 9.9% to 18%; P= 0.002). Egg and cow's milk were still the most common food allergens, which cause skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in most infants. Conclusion: This is the first study in China to indicate time trends in food allergy prevalence and characteristics. Our data show that in the 10‐year period from 1999 to 2009, the prevalence of food allergy seems to have increased in China.     

2010年中山市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的调查2010年广东省中山市城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率及治疗现状、特点及高危因素。方法通过随机整群抽样方法,采用2010年第3次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷,对中山市区内10 336名0~14岁儿童进行调查,了解哮喘患病率、治疗现状及临床特点,并对发病的危险因素进行分析。结果 179人诊断为哮喘(1.73%),其中男童患病率高于女童(2.25%vs 1.16%,P0.01)。经常发作强度以重度最常见(104例,58.1%);发作类型以缓慢发作最多(110例,61.5%);病情趋势以逐渐减轻最常见(102例,57.0%);以换季时发作频率最高(61例,34.1%);最常见的发作诱因为呼吸道感染(83.8%);71.5%哮喘患儿使用过吸入糖皮质激素治疗,使用支气管舒张剂患儿占71.5%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,青霉素过敏史、家族过敏史、食物过敏、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、剖宫产、家居霉斑现象以及出生前后被动吸烟等因素是儿童哮喘发生的独立危险因素。结论中山市城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率仍较高,其患病率与性别有关;哮喘的治疗较规范,但仍有待提高;其发生和发作受多种因素的影响。     

儿童鼻部过敏症状与哮喘相关性调查分析

摘要：目的 探讨0～14岁儿童哮喘的发生与过敏性鼻炎的相关性。方法 2010-10-01—2010-12-31,采用由全国儿科哮喘协助组首都儿研所哮喘防教中心统一编制的儿童哮喘与过敏性疾病初筛调查表,以随机分层整群抽样方法对合肥市区中选定调查地段的儿童进行问卷调查,筛选出哮喘及非哮喘儿童,然后再填写由上述单位统一编制的0～14岁哮喘儿童调查表及0～14岁非哮喘儿童调查表,将其中与鼻部过敏症状有关的数据整理,运用SPSS11.0软件包进行χ2检验。 结果 多种鼻部过敏性症状在哮喘与非哮喘儿童中差异均存在统计学意义（P＜0.001）,鼻部过敏性症状与哮喘发生明显相关。哮喘组儿童在未患感冒情况下,首次出现鼻部症状多在5岁以下,占73.75%,有82.96%的儿童接触冷空气后最易诱发鼻部症状,在任何季节接触花粉后都易发生鼻部症状。结论 儿童鼻部过敏性症状的控制对防止哮喘的发生有重要意义,应引起高度重视。     

Parent-reported food allergy requiring an avoidance diet in children starting elementary school

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of parent‐reported food allergies requiring avoidance diet at early school age. Methods: The school health nurses interviewed, by using a structured questionnaire on the required diet at school, the parents of all the 1542 children starting elementary school in a Finnish town with 210 000 inhabitants. Results: An allergy to basic foods was found in 41 (2.7%) children: 1.5% to milk, 1.1% to eggs and 1.0% to grains. An allergy to nuts was present in 3.1% and to fruits and vegetables in 5.8%, both with known cross‐sensitization to pollens. In all, 9.2% of the children reported some allergy. Milk, egg and grain allergies were associated with soy, nut and spice allergies. Conclusion: Over 2% of the 1542 Finnish first‐graders reported allergies to basic foods (milk, eggs or grains) requiring special avoidance diets at school. The figure suggests that avoidance diets started in the first years of life still unnecessarily continued.