多巴胺能神经递质及受体显像的临床研究和应用进展

近年来神经递质显像发展极快,已从大量的基础研究进入临床应用的研究,目前中枢神经质显像中以多巴胺能神经递质及受体显像最为活跃,主要包括多巴胺受体、多巴胺能神经元神经递质和多巴胺转运蛋白显像等。     

多巴胺能神经递质及受体显像的临床研究和应用进展

近年来神经递质显像发展极快,已从大量的基础研究进入临床应用的研究,目前中枢神经质显像中以多巴胺能神经递质及受体显像最为活跃,主要包括多巴胺受体、多巴胺能神经元神经递质和多巴胺转运蛋白显像等。     

多巴胺受体显像剂的研究概况

多巴胺受体的表达及功能与多种精神和神经性疾病的病理相关联,多巴胺受体显像是目前分子核医学的研究热点,其显像剂的研究有着极为重要的意义,本文对最近几年来研制的应用的多巴胺Ｄ１受体显像剂和Ｄ２受体显像剂进行了简要的综述。     

多巴胺受体显像剂的研究 概况

多巴胺受体的表达及功能与多种精神和神经性疾病的病理相关联,多巴胺受体显像是目前分子核医学的研究热点,其显像剂的研究有着极为重要的意义。本文对最近几年来研制和应用的多巴胺 Ｄ１ 受体显像剂和 Ｄ２ 受体显像剂进行了简要的综述。     

分子核医学浅议

概述了Ｗａｇｎｅｒ关于分子核医学概念的要点，对Ｗａｇｎｅｒ关于“通过化学型将表型与基因型联系起来”的观点进行了浅议，并结合我国具体情况提出了值得特别关注的几个研究领域，即受体显像、标记反义探针基因显像、重组单抗片段、肽类放射性药物等。提出：分子识别是分子核医学的重要理论基础之一，应将分子生物学技术引入核医学中来     

分子核医学浅议

概述了Ｗａｇｎｅｒ关于分子核医学概念的要点，对Ｗａｇｎｅｒ关于“通过化学型将表型与其因型联系起来”的观点进行了浅议，并结合我国具体情况提出了值得特别关注的几个研究领域，即受体显像，标记反义探针基因显像、重组单抗片段、肽类放射性药物等。     

关于脑受体显像剂研究中的若干问题

关于脑受体显像剂研究中的若干问题朱桐脑受体显像是神经核医学显像研究的一个开拓性领域。脑受体显像可用于人体正常生理和病理状态下受体的定性、定量研究，从而诊断一些与受体有关的疾患。要开展脑受体显像，除了必备的探测手段外，研制合适的脑受体显像剂也是关键的一...     

生长抑素受体显像剂99Tcm-奥曲肽的SPECT研究

核医学SPECT在20世纪已进入分子显像时代,受体显像尤其是生长抑素受体显像更是目前核医学显像研究的热点.利用111In、123I、99Tcm、90Y等放射性核素标记生长抑素类似物奥曲肽进行生长抑素受体显像的方法,已经比较成熟,且部分已用于临床显像.该文对99Tcm标记奥曲肽的方法(直接法、间接法)、99Tcm-奥曲肽SPECT显像方法及其临床应用等作简要概述.     

诊疗一体化在核医学领域的研究进展

核医学中的诊疗一体化是指将放射性核素显像和内放射治疗相结合。目前针对生长抑素受体、前列腺特异性膜抗原、CXC族趋化因子受体4和纤维母细胞活化蛋白等不同靶点已研发出多种化合物,将用于显像和治疗的核素分别标记于上述化合物后可实现多种肿瘤的诊疗一体化。核素显像是指导治疗方案的基础,也是内放射治疗的必要前提。诊疗一体化在肿瘤的诊断、分级与分期、治疗、疗效监测及预后判断等过程中起着重要作用,是实现肿瘤个体化医疗的关键。就上述靶点的诊疗一体化在核医学领域的研究进展予以综述。     

核医学与基因治疗

将基因治疗与核医学结合产生的基因表达显像、基因诱导受体显像、基因靶向性放射性核素治疗等,不仅为基因治疗开拓了核医学的研究领域,也为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新的思路和方法。虽然基因治疗中还存在着不少问题,相信随着分子生物学的不断发展,核医学在基因治疗中的作用将得到进一步的体现。     

uPAR放射性核素靶向显像研究进展

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其特异性受体(uPA/uPAR)系统是肿瘤侵袭、转移和血管生成的核心环节之一, 且与肿瘤的不良预后密切相关。检测肿瘤组织中uPA/uPAR表达水平及其随病情的变化情况, 对于肿瘤预后判断、治疗方案的选择与疗效评价意义重大。放射性核素分子靶向显像方法在靶向受体表达水平测定上具有独特的优势, 近来年医学研究者使用多种放射性核素标记uPAR的特异性配体进行了动物显像研究, 并于2015年首次用于人体显像。笔者就近年来uPAR放射性核素靶向显像的研究进展作一综述。     

Advancements of molecular imaging and radiomics in pancreatic carcinoma

Despite the recent progress of medical technology in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, pancreatic carcinoma remains one of the most malignant tumors, with extremely poor prognosis partly due to the difficulty in early and accurate imaging evaluation. This paper focuses on the research progress of magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine molecular imaging and radiomics in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. We also briefly described the achievements of our team in this field, to facilitate future research and explore new technologies to optimize diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.     

小动物PET及其在生物医学研究中的应用

通过对正电子核素标记的示踪分子参与活体的生理生化过程进行PET,能够从分子水平反映活体的生理生化变化。PET作为目前核医学诊断和研究最先进的分子显像方法,已从临床应用推广到了小动物科学实验。近几年来,随着新的探测技术的不断涌现,专门用于小动物显像的PET扫描仪的各项性能日臻完善,它正逐渐成为现代生物医学研究的一项重要工具。小动物PET将在药物寻找和开发、疾病研究、基因显像等领域发挥重要作用。     

分子成像技术的研究进展

分子成像是新时代的医学成像,它可以无创性监测活体内的细胞和分子水平的生物学过程,其中包括核医学分子显像、磁共振分子成像、超声分子成像、光学分子成像和X射线分子成像等.目前,由于多学科融合的发展,多模式融合成像技术已成功用于临床,如PET-CT和PET-MRI.随着分子探针的发展和多模式融合成像技术的成熟,越来越多的分子...     

Development of technetium-99m-based CNS receptor ligands: have there been any advances?

By virtue of its ideal nuclear physical characteristics for routine nuclear medicine diagnostics and its ready availability, technetium-99m is of outstanding interest in the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals. The potential for the development of 99mTc-based radioligands for the study the receptor function in the central nervous system (CNS) is also well recognised despite the difficulties to be overcome. A fundamental challenge is the pharmacologically acceptable integration of the transition metal technetium, with its specific coordination chemistry, into the molecular entity of CNS receptor ligands. Conceptually, the ligand molecule can be assembled by three building blocks: a small neutral chelate unit, an organic linker that may also serve as a pharmacological modifier and a receptor-binding region derived from selective receptor antagonists. The recent introduction of novel technetium chelate units, particularly mixed-ligand complexes and low-valency organometallic compounds of technetium, provides an impetus for the further development of CNS receptor ligands. Moreover, progress in receptor pharmacology and the experience gained with positron emission tomography radiotracers have facilitated the design of numerous 99mTc-based CNS receptor ligands. The formidable challenge of developing 99mTc probes as single-photon emission tomography imaging agents targeting CNS receptors can be viewed with optimism given the successful development of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 as a 99mTc complex for imaging dopamine transporters in the brain, although there are a number of receptor-specific imaging agents that have so far resisted all efforts to develop them. This review presents recent advances and discusses the remaining hurdles in the design of 99mTc-based CNS receptor imaging agents.     

Current research in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: highlights of the 23rd Annual EANM Congress

The most recent research developments in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging were presented at the 2010 Annual Congress of the EANM. This review summarizes some of the most relevant contributions made in the fields of oncology, cardiovascular science, neurology and psychiatry, technological innovation and novel tracers. Presentations covered basic and clinical research in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, and diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals on a global scale. The results reported demonstrate that investigative strategies using nuclear medicine techniques facilitate effective diagnosis and management of patients with most prevalent disease states. At the same time novel tracers and technologies are being explored, which hold promise for future new applications of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging in research and clinical practice.     

PET: a revolution in medical imaging

FDG-PET has had remarkable influence on the assessment of physiologic and pathologic states. The authors predict that FDG-PET imaging could soon become the most common procedure used by nuclear medicine laboratories and could remain so for an extended period of time. The power of molecular imaging lies in the vast potential for using biochemical and pharmacologic probes to extend applications arising from an understanding of cell biology to a large number of well-characterized pathologic states. Molecular imaging based upon tracer kinetics with positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals could become the main source of information for the management of cancer patients. In that case, nuclear medicine procedures might become the most common imaging studies performed in the practice of medicine. This speculation is not farfetched when one realizes the enormous change that a single biologically important compound, FDG, has brought to the medical arena. The major challenge today is to attract the highly qualified individuals and to secure the resources needed to harness the opportunities in the specialty of molecular imaging.     

分子核医学显像展望:多参数分子显像时代

核医学分子显像呈多模式、多示踪剂发展趋势,不同显像模式、不同显像示踪剂带来的多参数信息为临床和实验室的研究提供了更丰富的互补信息.其中,PET-MRI将成为核医学分子显像未来发展的一个热门话题.该文着重探讨了核医学分子显像发展过程中,由单模式到多模式、由单示踪剂到多示踪剂的演变过程,总结多模式、多示踪剂、多参数分子显像的定义、区别、优缺点和存在问题,并探讨了分子显像的未来发展.     

肿瘤分子影像学：进展及挑战

分子影像学是一门交叉融合学科,整合医学影像学、分子生物学、化学、材料学和生物医学工程等多个学科。分子影像学发展极为迅速,在肿瘤诊断和治疗中发挥了越来越重要的作用。肿瘤分子影像技术在基础研究和临床转化领域取得了系列进展,特别是肿瘤微环境成像、肿瘤精准诊疗、诊疗一体化等方向,但在分子靶标选择、分子探针研发和临床转化等方向仍面临诸多挑战。     

乳腺癌核素靶向诊疗一体化的研究进展

近年来,核医学仪器设备的发展以及新型特异性显像剂的出现和深入研究使乳腺癌特异性分子显像技术得以快速发展,这有利于乳腺癌的特异性诊断。同时,利用特定靶点进行的放射性核素靶向治疗还能逐步推进乳腺癌个体化治疗的发展。随着靶向分子探针的不断出现和分子靶向技术的不断完善,乳腺癌核素特异性显像和放射性核素靶向治疗将成为乳腺癌个体化诊疗的重要手段。笔者对受体、抗体和基因介导的乳腺癌核素靶向诊疗的研究进展进行综述,并介绍其诊疗一体化的改进策略和发展前景。