腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术（罗湖Ⅱ式）的手术技巧

自从2001年第1例腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术开始实施后,腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术（罗湖Ⅱ式）从安全性、临床效果等已经得到多方临床实践的验证,是近来治疗先天性无阴道患者特别是MRKH综合征患者的较为常用方法。其手术操作时间短,步骤简单,创伤小,术后人工阴道美观,患者认可度高。文章结合文献和罗湖医院施行腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术（罗湖Ⅱ式）的临床经验,就罗湖Ⅱ式的手术适应证、手术操作原则及技巧,以及手术中并发症处理做一介绍。     

阴道闭锁11例临床分析

目的 :分析阴道闭锁的临床特点 ,探讨其诊断及治疗中的有关问题。方法 :回顾分析 11例阴道闭锁患者的临床资料。结果 :Ⅰ、Ⅱ型阴道闭锁平均病程分别为 3 5个月、17 6个月 ;Ⅰ型者盆腔包块位置较低 ,而Ⅱ型者盆腔包块位置较高或在盆腔一侧还可扪及包块。Ⅰ型阴道闭锁均行阴道下段切开、小阴唇皮瓣阴道成形术 ;Ⅱ型阴道闭锁中 3例行子宫切除术 ,其中 2例同期行阴道成形术 ;5例行保守性手术 ,其中 2例手术失败、1例 3年后行第 2次手术 ;1例外院保守性手术 ,8年后怀孕因阴道上段狭窄而行剖宫取胎。结论 :Ⅰ型阴道闭锁手术效果好 ,Ⅱ型保守性手术治疗效果较差 ,术后能否建立良好的通道是手术成功的关键。对无望生育者建议不保留子宫。     

阴道闭锁16例临床分析

目的　分析阴道闭锁的临床特点 ,探讨其分型在诊断与治疗中的意义。方法　回顾分析我院近 16年收治的 16例阴道闭锁患者的临床资料。阴道闭锁按解剖学特点分为两型 :Ⅰ型指阴道下段闭锁 ,10例 ;Ⅱ型指阴道完全闭锁 ,6例。结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ型阴道闭锁平均发病年龄分别为(13 0± 1 1)岁及 (15 5± 3 4 )岁 ,盆腔包块直径分别为 (7 7± 3 0 )cm及 (5 3± 1 0 )cm ,两者比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;平均病程分别为 (3 5± 2 4 )个月及 2 4 0个月 (中位数 )。Ⅰ型阴道闭锁者盆腔包块位置较低 ,而Ⅱ型阴道闭锁者盆腔包块较高或位于盆腔一侧。Ⅰ型阴道闭锁者均行切开术 ,术后置阴道模型 ,随诊 1～ 16 8个月 ,中位数为 2 1 0个月 ,月经均正常 ,其中 4例出现阴道狭窄行阴道扩张术。已婚的 2例中 ,1例足月妊娠剖宫产分娩。Ⅱ型阴道闭锁合并子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )、输卵管积血、双子宫者各 1例 ,合并双子宫及内异症者 1例 ;3例行子宫切除术 ,3例行保守性手术即阴道成形、宫颈成形及阴道子宫接通术 ,仅 1例术后有月经但伴痛经 ,于术后 6年因内异症手术治疗。结论　Ⅰ型阴道闭锁手术效果好 ;Ⅱ型阴道闭锁多合并内异症或子宫畸形 ,保守性手术治疗效果较差。     

先天性无阴道综合征临床研究进展

先天性无阴道综合征(Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome,MRKH综合征)表现为苗勒管发育不全(子宫和阴道上2/3发育不全),染色体核型46,XX,有正常女性第二性征,因青春期原发性闭经被临床诊断。MRKH综合征病因仍不明确,临床分类尚未统一,应与雄激素不敏感综合征、阴道闭锁等疾病鉴别。治疗方法主要为阴道成形术,以腹膜阴道成形术(罗湖术式)、乙状结肠阴道成形术等为主流手术。     

《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》2018年第4期中心内容预告

正中心内容:女性生殖道畸形诊治重视和发展青少年妇科学跟进女性生殖道畸形诊治发展,减少误诊误治再述必须重视儿童和青少年妇科的发展和建设女性生殖道畸形新分类子宫畸形的诊治宫腔镜子宫纵隔切开术治疗纵隔子宫阴道斜隔综合征的诊治MRKH综合征的诊治腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术——罗湖Ⅱ式手术技巧腹腔镜肠道阴道成形术的手术要点阴道成形术不同术式的利与弊外生殖器畸形的诊治性腺发育异常的女性生殖道畸形诊治性腺发育异常的生育问题     

腹腔镜下腹膜阴道成形术后使用苯甲酸雌二醇涂抹阴道的临床疗效

腹膜阴道成形术是目前治疗先天性无阴道的常见术式。随着腹腔镜技术的飞速发展及人们对手术微创要求的不断提高,腹腔镜下腹膜阴道成形术应用日渐广泛。腹膜具有吸收、渗透功能,且愈合能力强,接触面光滑,是人工阴道成形术较理想的覆盖物。     

腹腔镜下游离腹膜用于先天性阴道闭锁患者阴道成形术的研究

先天性阴道闭锁在女性生殖道畸形中较为少见，患者常常在青春期即出现周期性腹痛而就诊。我们在腹腔镜下游离腹膜对先天性无阴道无子宫的患者实施阴道成形术的基础上，对先天性阴道闭锁患者进行腹腔镜下游离腹膜阴道成形术，共实施手术7例，现总结如下。     

先天性阴道闭锁3例分型分析

有学者将先天性阴道闭锁分为两型:Ⅰ型系阴道下段闭锁,其阴道上段及子宫正常;Ⅱ型系阴道完全闭锁,多合并宫颈发育不良,子宫体正常或畸形,子宫内膜可有正常分泌功能[1,2].1984年3月至2009年3月我院收治29例先天性宫颈闭锁患者中,26例合并阴道完全闭锁,1例合并阴道上段闭锁,2例合并阴道顶端闭锁,后两种3例皆属未分型的阴道闭锁.现将阴道上段闭锁续作为Ⅲ型阴道闭锁、阴道顶端闭锁续作为Ⅳ型阴道闭锁,报告分析如下.     

腹腔镜下腹膜阴道成形术17例临床分析

<正>先天性无子宫无阴道是双侧副中肾管在胚胎发育过程中发育不全的结果。手术再造阴道是患者能够实现正常性生活的唯一选择。腹腔镜下腹膜阴道成形术为常用术式,具有成功率高、性生活满意、无腹部大切口、无需特殊移植物、最大程度地保护患者隐私等优点。腹膜代阴道成形术形成的阴道湿润、柔软、有弹性,形态和功能近似正常。随着腹腔镜技术的成熟与普及,此术式逐渐得到医生和患者的认同[1,2]。自2008年4月至2011年3月我院共行此种术式17例。术中采用我们自制的阴道模型,并对术式加以改进,保证了手术成功率,降低了术后并发症,取得了良好的应用效果,现总结如下。     

腹腔镜下盆腔腹膜移植阴道成型术

随着腹腔镜技术的不断提高和应用范围的不断拓展，这一新技术也开始应用于人工阴道成型术。自2003年1月至2004年2月，我院共收治先天性无子宫、无阴道患者9例，均行腹腔镜下盆腔腹膜移植阴道成型术，现报道如下。     

Ⅱ型阴道闭锁一例并文献复习

先天性阴道闭锁（congenital atresia of vagina）是由泌尿生殖窦及苗勒管末端发育异常而未形成贯通的阴道所致,发病率较低。阴道完全闭锁也称为Ⅱ型阴道闭锁,多合并宫颈的发育不良,子宫体发育不良或子宫畸形,在临床上更为罕见。本文对2018年10月吉林大学第二医院妇产科收治后又转诊至北京协和医院的1例Ⅱ型阴道闭锁病例进行临床分析并复习相关文献,总结目前国内外诊断、分型和治疗的进展,以期医生能更好地认识这种生殖道畸形,患者得到个体化治疗,实现更佳预后。     

先天性宫颈闭锁29例分析

目的:探讨先天性宫颈闭锁的矫治方法。方法:回顾性分析1984年3月至2009年3月25年间我院收治的先天性宫颈闭锁患者29例的临床资料。结果:按宫颈闭锁的解剖学特征将此畸形分为4型:Ⅰ型19例,子宫体下为壁厚5～6mm、平均直径7.7cm×6.1cm的积血囊腔;Ⅱ型5例,子宫体下为短实性组织,无骶主韧带固定;Ⅲ型2例,子宫体下为长实性宫颈组织;Ⅳ型3例,子宫体下为壁厚约1.5cm的盲状宫颈管腔。根据宫颈闭锁畸形特征制定宫颈闭锁的分型诊断标准,Ⅰ型为宫颈不全闭锁型:子宫组织学内口闭锁,其以上的子宫解剖学内口和子宫峡部发育正常,宫颈管缺如;Ⅱ型为无宫颈或子宫峡部闭锁型:子宫组织学内口以上子宫管腔闭锁,闭锁段以下宫颈缺如,多数伴有子宫体发育不良;Ⅲ型为宫颈完全闭锁型:子宫解剖学内口以下峡部和颈管全部闭锁,闭锁宫颈长度、直径和形状不同,多数伴有子宫体发育不良;Ⅳ型为子宫峡部缺失型:子宫体下端直接与呈盲端的宫颈管腔相连,子宫峡部缺如。结论:先天性宫颈闭锁分型诊断标准对宫颈闭锁的诊治具有重要的临床价值。     

MRI features and differential diagnoses of congenital vaginal atresia

Objective: To investigate the MRI manifestations of congenital vaginal atresia, analyze its imaging features, and improve the understanding of the disease.

Methods: MRI findings and clinical data of 12 patients with congenital vaginal atresia confirmed by hysteroscopy and laparoscopic surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Vaginal atresia was classified according to vaginal dysplasia in AFS female genital malformation classification system.

Results: In this study, 12 cases of congenital vaginal atresia were diagnosed by combined preoperative MRI with operative diagnosis. Among them, 10 patients all had type-I congenital vaginal atresia, and their uterus and cervix were normal (1 patient had ectopic renal malformation combined with left ovarian endometriosis cyst and 1 patient with uterine empyema). The other two cases were diagnosed congenital vaginal atresia type II (1 case merged with residual uterus, 1 case with cervical dysplasia). MRI mainly manifested as dilatation and hemorrhage in the uterine cavity, cervical canal and vaginal upper segment. T1WI showed high signal, T2WI showed slightly lower and slightly higher signal. The dilated vagina was above the perineal level.

Conclusion: MRI features of congenital vaginal atresia have certain characteristics. MRI cannot only accurately assess the type of vaginal dysplasia and its associated complications, but also make objective evaluation and diagnosis, so it can be used as the best effective preoperative image evaluation.     

宫腔镜对未婚阴道斜隔综合征的早期诊断与治疗的临床意义

目的探讨宫腔镜对先天性阴道斜隔综合征(cogenital vaginal reclined septum syndrome,CVRS)的早期诊断与治疗的价值。方法对11例怀疑阴道斜隔的未婚患者行宫腔镜检查并在B超检测下对其进行宫腔镜下电切治疗。结果诊断为Ⅰ型斜隔的3例,Ⅱ型斜隔的7例,Ⅲ型斜隔的1例。术后随访4.5年,临床治愈率为100%。结论宫腔镜能直接观察阴道斜隔的类型,及早诊断治疗CVRS,损伤小,诊疗效果可靠,值得临床广泛推广应用。     

Uterovaginal anastomosis for the management of congenital atresia of the uterine cervix

Congenital atresia of the cervix is a rare mullerian anomaly. Hysterectomy has been advocated as the management of choice in the early days as the reproductive performance is thought to be low despite successful neo-canal creation. In recent years, conservative surgery is being recommended more frequently in patients with congenital cervical atresia and with total or partial vaginal aplasia and is shown to have a better reproductive performance. The treatment strategy should be tailored to relieve retrograde menstrual symptoms and restore fertility. Here, we report a young girl with congenital cervical atresia with upper vaginal atresia managed with uterovaginal anastomosis and review the management options and reproductive performance in such cases.     

特殊类型外阴阴道畸形六例临床分析

目的 分析6例特殊类型的外阴阴道畸形患者的临床特点,探讨其分型及处理.方法 回顾1998年3月至2008年3月北京协和医院收治的6例特殊类型外阴阴道畸形(即与泌尿生殖赛发育异常相关的外阴阴道畸形)患者的临床资料,根据胚胎发育学及解剖学特点对其进行分型,并总结其处理方式.结果 此类外阴阴道畸形罕见,也未被纳入目前的分类及诊断系统,但该类患者的临床表现具有娃著共性:月经正常来潮,但经血与尿液自同一孔道流出;妇科检查发现会阴仅见2个孔道,前方孔道位于阴蒂下方,似尿道外口,后方孔道为肛门,之间无类似阴道前庭和阴道外口的结构.本研究根据其特征分为3型,即:Ⅰ型(3例):小阴唇融合,即泌尿生殖窦末端存留;Ⅱ型(1例):远端尿道阴道瘘伴阴道闭锁(尿道外括约肌下型),阴道与尿道低位交通;Ⅲ型(2例):近端尿道阴道瘘伴阴道闭锁(尿道外括约肌上型),阴道与尿道高位交通,严重者可伴消化道及其他系统发育异常.6例患者均接受手术治疗,不同类型的畸形患者术式也不相同,但多可经1次手术完成,术后患者外阴形态接近正常,未见阴道狭窄.结论 特殊类型外阴阴道畸形结构复杂多样,对其进行分型有利于临床诊断和处理,但手术设计仍应个体化,在争取满意的解剖与功能恢复的同时,应兼顾美学、性学及心理学需求.     

Complete and partial vaginal agenesis.

The proper diagnosis and treatment of a patient with vaginal agenesis demands a thorough knowledge of the relevant embryology, anatomy and physiology as well as sensitivity to the potentially emotionally devastating effects of the condition. Ten patients with vaginal agenesis were evaluated and treated at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center over a three-year period. The patients fell into three groups, those with: (1) Müllerian atresia, complete or partial; (2) maldevelopment of the lower one-third of the vagina; and (3) testicular ferminization. Other congenital anomalies existed in many of these patients. Most of the patients were treated with the Frank method of vaginal development with good results. Some underwent surgical correction.     

Congenital cervical atresia: Report of seven cases and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the clinical course and management of congenital cervical atresia. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective analysis included 7 patients referred to our clinic and a review of the medical literature. RESULTS: Including this case series, 58 cases of congenital cervical atresia have been reported in the literature. Forty-eight percent of patients had isolated congenital cervical atresia with a normal vagina whereas the remainder had either complete or partial vaginal atresia (“shortened blind vaginal pouches”). Surgical management has included abdominal hysterectomy or uterovaginal cannulation with or without vaginoplasty. In 59% of patients who underwent uterovaginal canalization procedures (23/39), normal menstrual bleeding was achieved. Four of these patients subsequently became pregnant and were delivered at term. CONCLUSION: Surgical canalization in selected patients with congenital cervical atresia can be successfully performed to provide patients an opportunity for conservative management, resulting in normal menstrual bleeding, resolution of cyclic pelvic pain, and some potential (albeit limited) for fertility.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:25)     

阴道发育异常247例临床分析

目的:探讨阴道发育异常的临床特征和诊治情况。方法:回顾性分析2002年至2011年在我院就诊的247例阴道发育异常患者的临床资料。结果:247例阴道发育异常患者中先天性无阴道173例(70.04%),阴道闭锁65例(26.32%),阴道隔膜9例(3.64%)。临床表现主要为无月经来潮(96.4%)、腹痛(32.4%)和性生活困难(8.9%)。其中合并子宫畸形患者201例(81.4%),行肾脏B超184例中合并肾脏畸形患者19例(10.3%)。247例阴道发育异常患者中235例行手术治疗。结论:阴道发育异常以先天性无阴道所占比例最大,可伴有子宫发育畸形和泌尿系统畸形,伴发畸形的诊断有重要临床意义。阴道发育异常患者大多需手术治疗,具体术式根据病变类型决定。