Relationship between vertical jumping performance and anthropometric characteristics during growth in boys and girls

The aim of the study was to compare vertical jumping performances in boys and girls during growth. The maximum heights attained in a countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) were measured using an Ergojump Bosco System. Average power output (PO) was recorded, and percentage of fast-twitch (%FT) muscle fiber distribution was estimated during the rebound jump. Differences in the maximum CMJ and SJ (CMJ–SJ) heights were calculated. Regressions between PO and age, lean body mass (LBM), and leg muscle volume (LMV), respectively, were computed for 240 boys and 239 girls (aged 11–16 years). Height, LMV, and body mass values were larger in boys than girls aged 14 years. Both groups had a similar body mass index independently of age. The CMJ, SJ, PO, and %FT were larger in boys than in girls between 12 and 16 years of age. Strong correlations were found between PO and age in the population as a whole, and between PO and LBM, PO and LMV in each group. The CMJ–SJ decreased with increasing age in both groups without significant differences. Conclusion Jumping performance increases during growth, with gender differences manifesting from 14 years onwards due to the much greater increase in leg length and LMV in boys than in girls.     

Childhood obesity: Pathophysiology and treatment

Childhood obesity is among the most difficult problems which pediatricians treat. It is frequently ignored by the pediatrician or viewed as a form of social deviancy, and blame for treatment failure placed on the patients or their families. The definition of obesity is difficult. Using total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) technology, total body fat ranges between 12% and 30% of total body weight in normal children and adolescents. This is influenced not only by age, but also by physical fitness. Anthropometry is the easiest way to define obesity. Children whose weight exceeds 120% of that expected for their height are considered overweight. Skinfold thickness and body mass index are indices of obesity that are more difficult to apply to the child. Childhood obesity is associated with obese parents, a higher socioeconomic status, increased parental education, small family size and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetics also clearly plays a role. Studies have demonstrated that obese and non-obese individuals have similar energy intakes implying that obesity results from very small imbalances of energy intake and expenditure. An excess intake of only 418 kJ per day can result in about 4.5 kg of excess weight gain per year. Small differences in basal metabolic rate or the thermic effects of food may also account for the difference in energy balance between the obese and non-obese. In the Prader Willi Syndrome, there appears to be a link between appetite and body fatness. When placed on growth hormone, lean body mass increases, body fat decreases, sometimes to normal, and appetite becomes more normal. Our weight control program is very intensive and combines behavior modification with dietary instruction and exercise. Patients are screened both physically and psychologically. Abnormalities found are treated before the child is allowed to enter the weight loss program. Depression is frequently encountered. If treatment success is defined as either weight reduction or maintenance of weight as linear growth increases, then 88% of the children who completed the program were successful. The dropout rate however was 65%.     

Health-related physical fitness and weight status in 13- to 15-year-old Latino adolescents. A pooled analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relation between health-related physical fitness and weight status in 13- to 15-year-old Latino adolescents.MethodThe final sample consisted of 73,561 adolescents aged 13–15 years (35,175 girls) from Chile (n = 48,771) and Colombia (n = 24,790). Cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness were measured using 20-m shuttle run (relative peak oxygen uptake – VO_2peak) and standing broad jump test (lower body explosive strength), respectively. The International Obesity Task Force definition was used to define weight status (i.e., underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese).ResultsThe present study found an inverted J-shape relationship between body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and musculoskeletal fitness in both genders and all age groups (p < 0.01). Results also suggest that underweight adolescents, and not just overweight and obese adolescents, have lower odds of having a healthy cardiorespiratory fitness (based on new international criterion-referenced standards) profile when compared with their normal weight peers, except in girls aged 14 (p = 0.268) and 15 years (p = 0.280).ConclusionsThe present results indicate low cardiorespiratory fitness and musculoskeletal fitness levels in underweight, overweight, and obese adolescents when compared with their normal weight peers. The findings appear to suggest that exercise programs should to decrease fat mass in overweight/obese adolescents and increase muscle mass in underweight adolescents.     

Effects of obesity on aerobic fitness in adolescent females

Obesity impairs performance in most athletic events, but the influence of increased body fat on cardiopulmonary function has not been clearly delineated. An understanding of the fatness-fitness relationship is important in the optimal design of exercise programs for obese subjects. In this study, 27 adolescent females with body fat levels ranging from normal to gross obesity were evaluated to determine the impact of adiposity on physiologic factors during maximal and submaximal treadmill walking. Increased skinfold measures correlated significantly with absolute maximal oxygen uptake throughout the range of body fat levels (r = .72), and oxygen consumption per kilogram of body weight and treadmill endurance time both declined as fatness increased (r = -.49 and -.42, respectively). Obesity did not affect submaximal walking economy. These findings indicate that increased fat levels are associated with increased cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, but that functional fitness declines because of the inert load created by excess body fat. Therefore, therapeutic exercise programs for obese adolescents are best designed to increase caloric expenditure and decrease body fat rather than to improve aerobic fitness.     

Effect of weight loss on body fat distribution in obese children

The intra-abdominal visceral fat to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S ratio) has been reported to be strongly related to disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and hypertension. It is a matter of concern as to whether weight loss causes an improvement of the V/S ratio or not in obese children. Changes in body fat distribution during weight loss in 23 obese children were quantified by weight, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomography (CT scan of the abdomen). Twenty-three patients were divided into two groups; six were in the inpatient group and 17 were in the outpatient group. Bodyweight, body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were significantly higher in the inpatient group than in the outpatient group before weight loss. Whereas the V/S ratio was almost equal between the two groups before weight loss. Bodyweight, body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were found to decrease significantly during weight loss in the two groups. The V/S ratio of the outpatient group did not change after weight loss. In contrast, the V/S ratio of the inpatient group decreased significantly during weight loss. These preliminary findings suggest that a large amount of body fat and a high obesity rate are not always accompanied by a high V/S ratio in obese children. The fat pattern changes during weight loss with strict dietary therapy and therapeutic exercise. A larger sample of obese children should be studied to test this conjecture.     

Neonatal anthropometrics and body composition in obese children investigated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Epidemiological and animal studies have suggested an effect of the intrauterine milieu upon the development of childhood obesity. This study investigates the relationship between body composition measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry expressed as body fat percent, body fat mass index (BFMI), and fat free mass index (FFMI) in obese children and the preceding in utero conditions expressed by birth weight, birth length, and birth weight for gestational age. The study cohort consisted of 776 obese Danish children (median age 11.6 years, range 3.6–17.9) with a mean Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI SDS) of 2.86 (range 1.64–5.48) treated in our national referral centre. In a linear general regression model adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and duration of breastfeeding, we found the body fat percent, FFMI, and BFMI at the time of enrolment in childhood obesity treatment to be significantly correlated with both birth weight and birth weight for gestational age. Conclusion: These results indicate a prenatal influence upon childhood obesity. Although there are currently no sufficient data to suggest any recommendations to pregnant women, it is possible that the prenatal period may be considered as a potential window of opportunity for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity.     

A longitudinal evaluation of adolescent depression and adult obesity

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have had conflicting results regarding the relationship between adolescent depression and adult obesity. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that depression in adolescence would increase the risk for obesity in early adulthood. METHODS: We used data from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of children born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, in Dunedin, New Zealand (N = 1037). These data included regular diagnostic mental health interviews and height/weight measurements throughout childhood and adolescence. We performed logistic regression analyses to assess the relationship between major depression in early or late adolescence and the risk for obesity at 26 years of age. RESULTS: Major depression occurred in 7% of the cohort during early adolescence (11, 13, and 15 years of age) and 27% during late adolescence (18 and 21 years of age). At 26 years of age, 12% of study members were obese. After adjusting for each individual's baseline body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), depressed late adolescent girls were at a greater than 2-fold increased risk for obesity in adulthood compared with their nondepressed female peers (relative risk, 2.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.83). A dose-response relationship between the number of episodes of depression during adolescence and risk for adult obesity was also observed in female subjects. The association was not observed for late adolescent boys or for early adolescent boys or girls. CONCLUSIONS: Depression in late adolescence is associated with later obesity, but only among girls. Future studies should address reasons for these age and sex differences and the potential for intervention to reduce the risk for adult obesity in depressed older adolescent girls.     

Body mass index and physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents

ObjectiveEvaluate the relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in a cross-sectional sample of Brazilian youth.MethodsParticipants were 3849 adolescents (2027 girls) aged 10–17 years. Weight and height were measured; body mass index was calculated. Physical fitness was evaluated with a multistage 20 m shuttle run (cardiovascular endurance), standing long jump (power), and push-ups (upper body strength). Participants were grouped by sex into four age groups: 10–11, 12–13, 14–15, and 16–17 years. Sex-specific ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in each physical fitness item among weight status categories by age group. Relationships between body mass index and each physical fitness item were evaluated with quadratic regression models by age group within each sex.ResultsThe physical fitness of thin and normal youth was, with few exceptions, significantly better than the physical fitness of overweight and obese youth in each age group by sex. On the other hand, physical fitness performances did not consistently differ, on average, between thin and normal weight and between overweight and obese youths. Results of the quadratic regressions indicated a curvilinear (parabolic) relationship between body mass index and each physical fitness item in most age groups. Better performances were attained by adolescents in the mid-range of the body mass index distribution, while performances of youth at the low and high ends of the body mass index distribution were lower.ConclusionRelationships between the body mass index and physical fitness were generally nonlinear (parabolic) in youth 10–17 years.     

幼儿园儿童单纯性肥胖综合干预方案效果观察

目的　观察以幼儿园为单位对单纯性肥胖儿童实行综合干预控制体重的效果。方法家园结合 ,通过家长会、保教人员培训、园领导督导考评等措施 ,推行行为矫正、适量运动、饮食调整的体重控制方案。设肥胖干预组 2 4例、肥胖对照组 19例、正常对照组 2 0例 ,通过观察体重、身高及体块指数等指标判定体重控制效果及是否影响儿童身高增长。结果　干预组及对照组肥胖儿体重控制总体有效率分别为 91 7%、15 8% ;干预组年人均体重增长较对照组低 4 1kg ;干预组体块指数下降显著低于肥胖对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;干预组身高增长与正常对照组相比差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　针对幼儿园儿童的特点 ,将肥胖矫治工作制定成以幼儿园为单位的、简明可行的实施方案 ,由园领导、保教人员、肥胖儿童、儿保医师、家长共同参与实施 ,对控制幼儿园儿童肥胖安全有效。     

Regulation of growth of 7- to 36-month-old children by energy and fat intake in the prospective, randomized STRIP baby trial

OBJECTIVE: To study the fat and energy intakes of children between 7 and 36 months of age with different growth patterns. METHODS: In the Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for Babies, children were randomized to intervention (n = 540) and control groups (n = 522) at age 7 months. The intervention was aimed at replacing part of the saturated fat intake with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat to reduce children's exposure to high serum cholesterol values. The control children consumed a free diet. Children followed for >2 years (n = 848) were included in the analysis. Five groups of children representing different extreme growth patterns during the first 3 years of life were formed, and their energy and fat intakes were analyzed. Relative weight was defined as deviation of weight in percentages from the mean weight of healthy children of same height and sex, and relative height as deviation of height in SD units from the mean height of healthy children of same age and sex. RESULTS: Relative fat intakes (as percent of energy intake) were similar in children showing highly different height gain patterns. The thin (mean relative weight /= 95%) and the obese (mean relative weight >/= 95%) were highest, but weight-based energy intake of the tall (at 2 years, 82 [13] kcal/kg) and the obese (79 [17] kcal/kg) were lower than that of children with normal growth (89 [16] kcal/kg). The thin children consumed relatively more energy than the children with normal growth (at 2 years, 94 [13] kcal/kg and 89 [16] kcal/kg, respectively). Parental height and body mass index and the child's absolute and relative energy intakes predicted the best children's growth patterns. Children with consistently low fat intake grew equally to the children with higher fat intake. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate supervised restriction of fat intake to values 25 to 30 E% is compatible with normal growth.     

Socio‐economic influence on weight status through time in schoolchildren

Aim: This paper describes the developmental trajectory of adiposity in relation to socio‐demographic status in primary schoolchildren studying in local schools in Hong Kong. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity were determined in a cohort of primary schoolchildren annually from 2001/2002 to 2005/2006. To study the associations between socio‐demographic status and adiposity, repeated measures analysis of variance was used for the longitudinal change in BMI, while logistic regression was used with overweight and obesity development as outcomes. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.1% and 4.0%, respectively, at baseline, and 16.7% and 3.3%, respectively, at the end of the study period. Boys were more likely to be overweight and obese. Parents in the ‘Professional’ occupational group were less likely to have overweight and obese children. Among 32 781 children with normal weight at baseline, 2885 (8.8%) became overweight or obese after 4 years. Among 6286 children who were initially overweight or obese, 2079 (33.1%) returned to normal weight. Boys were more likely to move up from normal weight to overweight or obesity and less likely to move down the opposite direction during the study period. Parental education at degree level and the occupational group of ‘Professionals’ were, in general, associated with more favourable changes in weight status during follow‐up. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were not firmly established during early primary school years. Interventions at the school level on students and their parents might help prevent and control the future development of the obesity epidemic in the population.     

Effect of an individualised training programme during weight reduction on body composition: a randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of a standardised training programme focusing on maintenance of fat free mass during weight reduction by energy reduction in obese children. DESIGN: Randomised trial of physical training programme and dietary advice (group A) versus dietary advice alone (group B). SUBJECTS: Thirty obese children and adolescents (14 group A, 16 group B) participated in the 12 week long programme; 20 children (10 group A, 10 group B) were also reassessed after one year. MEASUREMENTS: Fat free mass was estimated from the resistance index, obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline, after four, eight, and 12 weeks in all subjects, and after one year in 20 subjects. RESULTS: The mean (SD) change in fat free mass was significantly different between the two groups after 12 weeks (group A, 2.68 (3.74) kg; group B, 0.43 (1.65) kg). The change in body weight after one year was inversely correlated with the change in fat free mass after 12 weeks (r = -0. 44), as assessed in the 20 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A standardised training programme as used in this study can prevent reduction in fat free mass during weight loss in obese children. Reduction in fat free mass during weight reduction might be a risk factor for regain of weight.     

Overweight, obesity, weight-related concerns and behaviours in Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents

Aim: To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and weight-related concerns and behaviours among overweight, obese and non-overweight children and adolescents. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional survey of all Chinese students in primary schools in the Central and Western District of Hong Kong in March 2002. Thirty-one of 32 schools participated, and 5402 boys and 5371 girls aged 8 to 15 y who completed a standardized questionnaire were included. We used the International Obesity Task Force definition (IOTF reference) to define overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence (95% CI) of overweight was 16.4% (15.7-17.1%) (19.9% in boys, 12.9% in girls), and that of obesity was 7.7% (7.2-8.2%) (10.3% in boys and 5.1% in girls). The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar to that based on the local reference. Overweight children had more concerns about their weight than obese children. They were more likely than obese children to feel fat, wish to be lighter, diet and exercise to lose weight. Although obese children were heavier, they did not make more effort to lose weight than overweight children.

Conclusions: The differences in weight-related concerns and behaviours among overweight, obese and non-overweight children suggested good validity of the IOTF reference and the self-reported data. The differences between overweight and obese children suggested that the two groups had different psychological states and that they needed different weight management programmes and other intervention strategies.     

Preliminary evaluation of health behavior in obese students from a selected group of Warsaw adolescents

The aim of this study was to assess health behaviour in obese pupils aged 11-17 years in one of the districts in Warsaw. Self-assessment about own health, appearance and possibilities was also studied. Questionnaire studies were carried out in pupils with obesity and in a control group of pupils, with normal body weight. We found the biggest deficiency of health promoting behaviour in the field of physical activity and dietary habits. Differences between the two groups of pupils were statistically significant. Significant differences were also found in self-assessment concerning physical fitness and appearance. We did not find any differences between obese and non-obese pupils in health risk behaviour: alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, frequency of injuries and in psychosocial indicators.     

Obesity class does not further stratify outcome in overweight and obese pediatric patients after heart transplantation

The effect of obesity stratification on pediatric heart transplant outcomes is unknown. The UNOS database was queried for patients ≥2‐<18 years listed for heart transplant and stratified by BMI: normal (BMI>5%‐≤85 percentile), overweight (BMI=86%‐95 percentile), class 1 (BMI=100%‐120% of 95 percentile), class 2 (BMI=121%‐140% of 95 percentile), and class 3 obesity (BMI>140% of 95 percentile). A total of 5056 individuals were listed for transplant, with 71% normal, 13% overweight, 10% class 1, 4% class 2, and 2% class 3 obesity. Waitlist survival was not different between groups. Post‐transplant survival was decreased in overweight and combined obese groups vs normal, with no further difference between overweight and obese classes. Overweight and obese patients had higher listing status and were more likely to have ventilator, inotrope, and mechanical circulatory support at listing. After transplant, there was an association of overweight‐obese patients with diabetes and rejection requiring hospitalization. Stricter definition of normal weight reveals overweight‐obese status was an independent risk factor for poorer post‐transplant survival, without further effect by stratification of weight class. However, because there is no difference in waitlist survival, this study does not allow the selection of absolute weight‐based criteria regarding transplant listing and suggests the need to look further for modifiable risk factors post‐transplant.     

Relation of circulating oxidized LDL to obesity and insulin resistance in children

Kelly AS, Jacobs DR Jr, Sinaiko AR, Moran A, Steffen LM, Steinberger J. Relation of circulating oxidized LDL to obesity and insulin resistance in children. Introduction: Circulating oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), a marker of oxidative stress, is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease in adults. However, little is known about its relation to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation of oxidative stress, measured by circulating oxidized LDL, with measures of adiposity and insulin resistance in children. Methods: Oxidized LDL, measures of body fatness (body mass index: BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference, percent trunk fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat), insulin resistance with euglycemic insulin clamp (Mlbm), blood pressure, and blood lipids were obtained in 78 children. Oxidized LDL was compared between normal weight children (BMI < 85th percentile) and overweight/obese children (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) and levels were evaluated for associations with body fatness and insulin resistance. Results: Oxidized LDL levels were significantly higher in overweight/obese vs. normal weight children (p < 0.0001). Oxidized LDL was significantly correlated with BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference, percent trunk fat, abdominal visceral fat, and abdominal subcutaneous fat (all p‐values <0.0001). Moreover, oxidized LDL was negatively correlated with Mlbm, even after adjustment for adiposity (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Oxidized LDL is significantly associated with adiposity and with insulin resistance, independent of body fatness, in children. Oxidative stress may be independently related to the development of insulin resistance early in life, especially in obese youth.     

Effect of an individualised training programme during weight reduction on body composition: a randomised trial

OBJECTIVE—To study the effect of a standardised training programme focusing on maintenance of fat free mass during weight reduction by energy reduction in obese children.DESIGN—Randomised trial of physical training programme and dietary advice (group A) versus dietary advice alone (group B).SUBJECTS—Thirty obese children and adolescents (14 group A, 16 group B) participated in the 12 week long programme; 20 children (10group A, 10 group B) were also reassessed after one year.MEASUREMENTS—Fat free mass was estimated from the resistance index, obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline, after four, eight, and 12 weeks in all subjects, and after one year in 20subjects.RESULTS—The mean (SD) change in fat free mass was significantly different between the two groups after 12 weeks (group A, 2.68 (3.74) kg; group B, 0.43 (1.65) kg). The change in body weight after one year was inversely correlated with the change in fat free mass after 12 weeks (r = ?0.44), as assessed in the 20subjects.CONCLUSIONS—A standardised training programme as used in this study can prevent reduction in fat free mass during weight loss in obese children. Reduction in fat free mass during weight reduction might be a risk factor for regain of weight.     

A reduced-glycemic load diet in the treatment of adolescent obesity

BACKGROUND: The incidence of type 2 diabetes increases markedly for obese children after puberty. However, the effect of dietary composition on body weight and diabetes risk factors has not been studied in adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of an ad libitum, reduced-glycemic load (GL) diet with those of an energy-restricted, reduced-fat diet in obese adolescents. DESIGN: Randomized control trial consisting of a 6-month intervention and a 6-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body composition (body mass index [BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] and fat mass) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment) were measured at 0, 6, and 12 months. Seven-day food diaries were used as a process measure. SUBJECTS: Sixteen obese adolescents aged 13 to 21 years.Intervention Experimental (reduced-GL) treatment emphasized selection of foods characterized by a low to moderate glycemic index, with 45% to 50% of energy from carbohydrates and 30% to 35% from fat. In contrast, conventional (reduced-fat) treatment emphasized selection of low-fat products, with 55% to 60% of energy from carbohydrates and 25% to 30% from fat. RESULTS: Fourteen subjects completed the study (7 per group). The GL decreased significantly in the experimental group, and dietary fat decreased significantly in the conventional group (P<.05 for both). At 12 months, mean +/- SEM BMI (-1.3 +/- 0.7 vs 0.7 +/- 0.5; P =.02) and fat mass (-3.0 +/- 1.6 vs 1.8 +/- 1.0 kg; P =.01) had decreased more in the experimental compared with the conventional group, differences that were materially unchanged in an intention-to-treat model (n = 16) (BMI, P =.02; fat mass, P =.01). Insulin resistance as measured by means of homeostasis model assessment increased less in the experimental group during the intervention period (-0.4 +/- 0.9 vs 2.6 +/- 1.2; P =.02). In post hoc analyses, GL was a significant predictor of treatment response among both groups (R2 = 0.51; P =.006), whereas dietary fat was not (R2 = 0.14; P =.22). CONCLUSIONS: An ad libitum reduced-GL diet appears to be a promising alternative to a conventional diet in obese adolescents. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of reduced-GL and -glycemic index diets in the treatment of obesity and prevention of type 2 diabetes.     

Nutrition, overnutrition, and obesity in the first year of line in Malm?, Sweden.

The feeding pattern, calorie intake, weight and height were studied at various ages during the first 12 months in 243 infants born in Sweden. The feeding pattern and calorie intake was close to that recommended. 0-6% in each age group were found to be obese (20-40% above the standard weight) and 15-23% overweight (10-20% above the standard weight). The mean calorie intake during the months before and when obesity and overweight were diagnosed exceeded the normal by 10% or less. When re-examined at age 2 plus or minus 1/2 years, 50% of those children obese up to 1 year remained so, and only 2 earlier overweight had become obese. 25% of the obese children had one obese parent, compared with 10% of the normal children and overweight ones. The low incidence of overnutrition and the low freqency of obese and overweight infants in this study compared with previous studies support the idea that high calorie intake is of importance in the development of obesity during infancy. Accordingly, overnutrition seems to be one factor, in the multifactorial aetiology of obesity, and reduction of overnutrition can reduce, but not abolish, infantile obesity. Whether the reduction of this will subsequently prevent adult obesity remains to be proved.     

肥胖对哮喘儿童治疗效果及肺功能的影响

目的 探讨肥胖对哮喘患儿规范化吸入疗法疗效及肺功能的影响。方法 129 例哮喘患儿分为正常体重哮喘组(n=64)和哮喘伴肥胖组(n=65),比较两组患儿接受规范化吸入治疗1 年后的肺功能和哮喘控制情况,其中肺功能采用第1 秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、用力呼气25% 流速(PEF₂₅)、用力呼气50% 流速(PEF₅₀)表示。另选取68 例健康儿童作为健康对照组。结果 治疗前3 组间肺功能各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中健康对照组肺功能测定值最优,哮喘伴肥胖组测定值最差。治疗1 年后正常体重哮喘组FEV1%、FVC% 的改善均明显优于哮喘伴肥胖组(P<0.01),但两组间PEF、PEF₂₅、PEF₅₀ 的改善差异无统计学意义 。治疗1 年后,正常体重哮喘组哮喘完全控制率、部分控制率、未控制率分别为72%、19%、9%; 哮喘伴肥胖组完全控制率、部分控制率、未控制率分别为28%、51%、22%,正常体重哮喘组哮喘控制率优于哮喘伴肥胖组(P<0.01)。结论 哮喘伴肥胖患儿治疗后大气道功能改善及哮喘控制状况较正常体重哮喘患儿差。