1例川崎病合并G-6-PD缺乏患儿的药学监护

目的:探讨川崎病合并G-6-PD缺乏患儿使用阿司匹林的安全性。方法:临床药师参与1例川崎病合并G-6-PD缺乏患儿的治疗过程,参与制定治疗方案,并实时监测其不良反应的发生。结果:通过临床药师对患儿药物治疗过程的药学监护,使患儿获得完善的个体化治疗,提高患儿用药的安全性、有效性。结论:临床药师深入临床,将药学理论知识和临床实践相结合,使临床药学服务在提高医疗治疗水平中发挥重要的作用。     

1 例脑膜炎合并川崎病患儿的抗感染药学监护

目的:探讨儿科临床药师在抗感染治疗过程的药学监护作用。方法:临床药师对1 例脑膜炎合并川崎病患儿进行抗菌药物治疗监护,为临床制定抗感染治疗方案提供建议。结果:临床药师协助临床医师正确合理地使用抗菌药物,辨别药物不良反应,患儿病情好转出院。结论:临床药师参与抗感染治疗方案的制定,提供药学监护,可提高抗菌药物临床应用的安全性和合理性。     

1例支原体肺炎并发人丙种球蛋白非敏感型川崎病患儿的药学监护

目的:探讨临床药师参与支原体肺炎并发川崎病(KD)患儿治疗的药学监护切入点。方法:以1例支原体肺炎并发KD患儿的治疗为例,根据抗菌药物、人丙种球蛋白(IVIG)、非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素具体用药情况,结合患儿临床表现与病情变化,以药物相互作用、药品不良反应、用药注意事项、出院宣教等作为切入点开展全程化药学监护。结果:临床药师针对可能发生的不良反应采取联合用药措施早预防、采取监护措施早发现早干预,能及时发现问题,避免不良反应的发生,提高患儿依从性。结果:临床药师在治疗团队中深入开展药学监护并找准切入点,有利于提高临床治疗水平,从而更好地保障患儿用药安全。     

1例儿童川崎病的用药分析与药学监护

目的:探讨临床药师在川崎病患儿药物治疗中的思路和方法。方法:临床药师参与川崎病的具体药物治疗过程,为患儿建立药历,提供合理的用药分析并制定详细的药学监护。结果:患儿经治疗后好转出院,ALT由245 U/L降至114 U/L,CRP降至正常,出院后继续口服药物,复诊后及时调整用药。结论:临床药师通过全程药学监护,及时发现并解决相关药物的治疗问题,提供合理用药建议,提高了患儿用药的安全性和依从性,也有利于提高临床药物治疗水平。     

1例布鲁氏菌病合并布鲁氏菌病性关节炎患儿的药学监护

目的 探讨临床药师对布鲁氏菌病合并布鲁氏菌病性关节炎患儿的药学监护模式。方法 临床药师参与1例布鲁氏菌病合并布鲁氏菌病性关节炎患儿的治疗过程,协助临床医师制定治疗方案,并进行合理的药学监护及用药教育。结果 临床药师通过有效的药学监护模式,可提高布鲁氏菌病患儿用药的安全性、有效性及合理性,避免药物不良反应的发生。结论 临床药师积极开展药学监护,提高临床药物治疗水平,体现了临床药师的价值。     

1例化疗致发热性中性粒细胞减少儿童患者的药学监护

目的:探讨临床药师为化疗致发热性中性粒细胞减少患儿进行药学监护的作用.方法:结合发热性中性粒细胞减少患者抗菌药物应用指南,对用药方案进行探讨和分析.结果:临床药师重点对儿童抗菌药物品种的选择、给药方法及停药时机进行监护,协助医师调整升白细胞、血小板治疗方案.结论:通过临床药师对患儿实施药学监护,协同医师制定合理的给药方案,保证患者用药安全有效.     

临床药师参与1例颅脑外伤术后感染患儿抗感染治疗的药学监护

目的:通过参与1例颅脑外伤术后感染患儿抗感染治疗的药学监护,探讨临床药师在神经外科开展临床药学工作的方法和思路。方法:临床药师参与患儿抗感染治疗的全过程,从抗感染药物的选择、方案调整、用药监护等方面开展药学实践。结果:临床药师的部分建议被医生采纳,患儿治疗效果良好。结论:临床药师可以利用自身专业知识协助临床医生优化治疗方案,实施药学监护,促进临床合理使用抗菌药物。     

1例上呼吸道感染并发肠套叠术后患儿的药学监护

目的：总结1例上呼吸道感染并发肠套叠术后患儿的药学监护工作。方法临床药师监护和评价上呼吸道感染并发肠套叠术后患儿病情进展情况和药物使用情况,重点监护患儿用药后体温变化和血常规波动情况,以及抗感染治疗效果,利用药学专业知识,结合临床检验结果、药物特点、药品不良反应和相互作用等方面知识,协助医师合理选择药物,制定和调整给药方案。结果通过对该患儿实施全程药学监护,上呼吸道感染合并肠套叠术后患儿的发热症状得到有效控制,并获得较好的治疗效果。结论临床药师通过全程药学监护,参与具体诊疗过程等临床实践,协助医师为患儿提供最佳用药方案,使患儿获得最佳医疗服务。     

采用不同剂量丙种球蛋白治疗小儿川崎病的效果分析

目的探究不同剂量丙种球蛋白对小儿川崎病的临床治疗效果。方法随机选取我院收治的104例小儿川崎病患儿,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组。A组26例患儿每天1次,每次静脉注射2 g/kg丙种球蛋白,B组患儿每天1次,每次静脉注射1 g/kg注射丙种球蛋白,C组患儿每天1次,每次静脉注射400 mg/kg丙种球蛋白D组患儿每天1次,常规静脉注射90 mg/kg丙种球蛋白,比较四组患儿临床治疗效果。结果四组患儿临床治愈率分别是96.2%、92.3%、88.5%、84.6%。四组患儿黏膜充血、皮疹等手足皮肤症状消退所用时间A相似文献   

1例婴儿药物超敏反应综合征的药学监护

目的:探讨临床药师对婴儿药物超敏反应综合征的药学监护要点,以提高临床药师对治疗药物的管理水平。方法:临床药师参与1例婴儿药物超敏反应综合征的治疗,对可能出现的药物相互作用及不良反应进行分析和药学监护,促进患儿病情转归。结果:经过包括临床药师在内的诊疗团队共同评估,调整治疗方案,提出用药建议,为患儿及其家属提供药学监护和用药宣教,患儿好转出院,随访期间病情未复发。结论:临床药师在药物超敏反应综合征治疗中可发挥药学专业优势,进行药物精细化监护管理,提高疗效,以保障婴幼儿用药安全。     

Study of a microencapsulation process of a virucide agent by a solvent evaporation technique

Abstract

A highly water-soluble virucide agent was microencapsulated by a water/oil/water emulsification-solvent evaporation method. An aqueous drug solution was emulsified into a solution of polymer in methylene chloride, followed by emulsification of the primary emulsion in an external aqueous phase. Microcapsules were formed after solvent evaporation, the solidification of the microcapsule walls was followed by an optical method. The influence of stirring speed was analysed to find the optimal hydrodynamic conditions with respect to the process yield, corresponding to the weight of obtained microcapsules per litre of water/oil/water emulsion, the initial virucide agent content and the drug release kinetics. The optimal conditions were obtained for the complete suspension speed. The improvement of the microencapsulation process was attempted by increasing the concentration of the primary emulsion and by the reuse of the external aqueous phase after removal of the microcapsules.     

Community pharmacy as a performance: a participant observer's account of a day in the life of a locum

Objective — To understand, from a dramaturgical viewpoint, the performance of “community pharmacy.” Method — Participant observation supported by focus groups and semistructured interviews; the study adopted a grounded theory approach. Setting — Fieldwork was conducted within 21 community pharmacies in East Anglia, England. Key findings — Pharmacists identify with their setting and stage props. On the stage of community pharmacy, the pharmacist crucially converts the drug into medicine, during a complex and well‐rehearsed performance. There are sometimes distractions, which make the performance sub‐optimal. Other insights included what counts as error, how to manage stress, and the fact that the trust on which professional practice rests is at stake when expressive performance fails. Conclusion — It is possible to conduct ethnography of community pharmacy and this is among the first such studies of British community pharmacy. Were the pharmacist to leave the stage and its props (the drugs), only to advise patients on medicines, the performance of community pharmacy, as we know it, might disappear.     

Amelioration of sulfur mustard skin injury following a topical treatment with a mixture of a steroid and a NSAID

The ability to ameliorate sulfur mustard (HD)-induced oedema by treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs was reported previously after screening four steroids and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using the mouse ear vesicant model. Following the screening study, one steroid and one NSAID (Adexone and Voltaren) were selected as the most effective, and a mixture of the two was chosen for the present more extensive research. The effect of the combined treatment on clinical, biochemical and histopathological parameters following HD insult was studied. Mice ears were exposed to 0.2 micro l of HD for 10 min to produce a moderate skin injury. Oedema development peaked ca. 48 h following exposure, as determined by weighing ear biopsies. Histological observations at that time exhibited damage to the epidermis and dermis. An increase in prostaglandin E (PGE) was measured in skin homogenates, starting 8 h following exposure and lasting at least up to 48 h post-exposure. A topical treatment using the above anti-inflammatory mixture significantly reduced inflammatory parameters when applied up to 4 h following exposure. These parameters included extent of oedema, levels of PGE, area of clinical damage and extent of cytotoxic injury (vesications and damaged epithelial cells). Thus, a combination of a steroid and NSAID was found to be effective in reducing the intensity of HD skin injury and possibly shortening the time to full recovery. The treatment, however, did not prevent completely the ensuing cytotoxic processes in the epithelial layer.     

Occurrence of a new cephalosporoate in a culture broth of a Cephalosporium acremonium mutant.

A new metabolite was isolated from the culture filtrate of a deacetylcephalosporin C-producing mutant, derived from Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 14553, by means of adsorption on activated carbon, column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and gel filtration through a Sephadex G-10 column. The compound was identified as D-5-amino-5-carboxyvaleramido-(5-formyl-4-carboxy-2H, 3H, 6H-tetrahydro-1, 3-thiazinyl) glycine by spectral analyses, elucidation of hydrolysis products of the compound, and comparison of characteristics of the compound with those of a synthetic authentic compound.     

Role of a pharmacist in a seizure clinic

The involvement of a clinical pharmacist in a Department of Veterans Affairs seizure clinic is described. A pharmacist who had served a residency in ambulatory care began working in a seizure clinic in 1988 after obtaining the cooperation of a neurologist interested in a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. A clinical protocol was developed to guide the pharmacist's participation. The seizure clinic is staffed by the clinical pharmacist, a pharmacy resident, and a neurologist and is currently treating 162 adult male veterans. Of the 162 patients, 159 are receiving anti-convulsant therapy. The role of the pharmacist is to assist the neurologist in providing patient-care services. The pharmacist interviews each patient, performs a neurological assessment and mental status evaluation, and orders laboratory tests. Information is recorded by the pharmacist on a history form and a subjective and objective assessment and planning form. The pharmacist presents the findings to the neurologist, and the patient is then interviewed jointly by the pharmacist and the neurologist. Between appointments, the pharmacist follows up on abnormal laboratory test values and informs patients of any necessary dosage adjustments. More time is available for patient care, there has been an increase in the detection of adverse drug reactions and disease states, and record keeping has improved. A pharmacist assumed a primary-care role in a seizure clinic by interviewing and assessing patients, ordering laboratory tests, and participating in the selection and adjustment of anticonvulsant therapy.