髋臼骨折手术治疗后髋关节功能恢复的影响因素分析

背景：髋臼骨折多为高能量损伤所致,属于关节内骨折,手术是最佳治疗方式。但骨折类型、手术入路、复位质量、年龄、手术时机等会对治疗效果产生影响。因此,分析影响手术效果的关键因素十分必要。目的：探讨手术治疗髋臼骨折后影响髋关节功能恢复的因素。方法方法：选择2010年1月至2013年10月手术治疗且随访资料完整的髋臼骨折患者42例,18例采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路,14例采用髂腹股沟入路,10例采用前后联合入路。术后采用Matta标准评定骨折复位情况。采用改良的Merled＇Aubigne-Postel评分系统评价患者髋关节功能。对可能影响手术疗效的指标（如性别、年龄、手术时机、骨折类型、手术入路、复位质量等）进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,筛查影响手术疗效的危险因素。结果：术后14例达到解剖复位,20例良好复位,8例一般复位。切口均甲级愈合,未出现感染。全部患者术后随访12-26个月,平均19个月。X线检查示骨折于术后10-18周愈合,平均14周。术后出现坐骨神经损伤4例,创伤性关节炎2例,股骨头缺血坏死2例,异位骨化7例。术后6个月时髋关节功能评定为优13例,良21例,可5例,差3例,优良率为81%。单因素分析结果显示性别、年龄、手术入路、髋关节脱位与手术疗效无明显关系（P〉0.05）,而手术时机、骨折类型、复位质量、异位骨化与手术疗效有关（P〈0.05）。多因素分析显示骨折类型、手术时机、复位质量是影响手术效果的独立因素（P〈0.05）。结论：骨折类型、手术时机和复位质量是影响髋臼骨折手术疗效的独立因素,而后两者是相对可控的因素,治疗时要选择合适时机、尽量达到解剖复位,以期获得良好的临床结局。     

Patient characteristics and risk of subsequent contralateral hip fracture after surgical management of first fracture

Background

Sequential hip fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding of risk factors is important for secondary prevention. Although hip fractures have a multifactorial aetiology related to falls, it is unknown whether fracture management approach influences the risk of sequential hip fractures.

Objectives

Our objective is to explore whether subsequent contralateral hip fractures are more common following femoral head replacement or salvage procedures for the treatment of hip fractures.

Methods

Patients older than 50, admitted to a single regional trauma unit in Worcestershire between 2010 and 2012 were identified from the national database. 700 patients matched our inclusion criteria and case notes were reviewed. The male to female ratio was 1:3.3 and the mean age was 82.8 years (standard deviation: 8.9 years). Contralateral fractures were identified from admission X-rays. Risk factors were analysed based on patient demographics and data related to first hip fracture management.

Results

Seventy-one patients presented with contralateral fractures, of which 19 had their first fracture during the data collection period, estimating a period prevalence of 10.1%, and incidence of 2.9%. Contralateral fracture rates were not significantly different between femoral head salvage and replacement procedures (P-value 0.683). Older institutionalised females with poorer mobility status were at greatest risk of contralateral hip fractures. Half (50.7%) of these occurred within 2 years of their first fracture.

Conclusion

No additional risk was seen in either fixation approaches. Risk factors identified were in keeping with existing literature, which can help to identify high-risk groups for targeted prevention strategies.     

Effects of fusion angle on functional results following non-operative treatment for fracture of the neck of the fifth metacarpal

Aim

To investigate in fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck whether there is any difference in functional results of non-operative treatments with dorsal angulation either below or above 30°.

Methods

After closed reduction, fractures were treated with plaster splints for 5 weeks. Cases were divided into two groups, with dorsal angulation either below (group 1) or above (group 2) 30°, according to oblique radiography, and were evaluated at 6 months. Grip strength, range of passive joint movement and distance from fingertip to distal crease were measured and compared. A scoring system assessed function, and occupational adequacy, patient satisfaction and presence of pain were recorded.

Results

Functional outcome was good or very good in both groups and occupational adequacy was not reduced in any case. Full patient satisfaction was achieved except for one person in group 1 and two people in group 2, regarding cosmetic results. There was no statistically significant difference between the two hands in either group except for one man from group 2, who had mild pain during coercive use of the injured hand.

Conclusions

With non-operative treatment of fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal, similar results were achieved with dorsal angulation either above or below 30°. A dorsal angulation less than 45° may be treated conservatively.     

Decrease of inpatient mortality for hip fracture in France

Objective

Hip fracture is the most devastating osteoporotic fracture, increasing the risk of mortality. Recent data suggest a decrease in incidence of this fracture. Few data are available on potential changes in mortality. We studied the change of inpatient mortality from 2002 to 2008 in France.

Methods

Data were extracted from the French Hospital National Database. The absolute number of inpatient mortality for hip fracture was described as well as the case fatal rate and mortality rate adjusted on age and gender. Risk factors of inpatient mortality were assessed by multiple regressions.

Results

Inpatient mortality stay decreased from 3057 to 2350 in patients aged 40 years and over and in both gender. Inpatient mortality stays were more important in women and increased with age, but the case fatal rate was higher in men than in women (5.4 vs. 2.8% in 2008). During the study period, the mortality rate (per 1 000 000) varied from 132 to 88 and from 82 to 64 in women and men, respectively. In the older patients, case fatality and mortality rates decreased significantly during the study period. From 2008 data, age more or equal to 85 years, male gender, stay in intensive care and existence of some chronic or acute disease, especially cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, renal insufficiency, and infection were significant determinants of inpatient mortality.

Conclusion

Inpatient mortality after hip fracture decreased in France between 2002 and 2008, although age, male gender and comorbidities were identified as determinants of inpatient mortality.     

Evaluation of estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E-PASS) to predict the postoperative risk for hip fracture in elder patients

Introduction  The Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS) scoring system is comprised of a preoperative risk score (PRS), a surgical stress score (SSS), and a comprehensive risk score (CRS) determined by both the PRS and SSS. E-PASS predicts the postoperative risk by quantifying the patient’s reserve and surgical stress in general surgery. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of this scoring system for the hospitalization outcomes in hip fracture. Patients and methods  A consecutive series of 419 elderly patients who underwent surgery with osteosynthesis or arthroplasty for hip fracture were prospectively assessed for the E-PASS scoring system, which was compared with their postoperative course. Results  The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in hospital increased linearly as the PRS and CRS increased, with significant correlation (ρ = 0.2, P < 0.01) in both operations. The cost of hospital stay also related significantly to the SSS (r = 0.6, P < 0.0001) and CRS (r = 0.4, P < 0.0001). Conclusion  These results suggest that E-PASS may be useful for predicting postoperative risk and estimating medical expense for surgical cases with hip fracture.     

老年髋部骨折治疗方法的选择与进展

<正>髋部骨折是一种常见且严重的骨折类型,已成为全球的公共健康问题。我国骨质疏松患病率在2018年已经高达24%,尽管采取了预防措施,但随着我国社会老化进程的加剧,据估计到2050年我国髋部骨折的总数将稳步增加^[1-3]。髋部骨折后1年病死率高达25%～30%,且医疗费用昂贵,此问题不容小觑,值得我们深切关注^[4-6]。     

人工髋关节置换术治疗内固定失败的髋部骨折

目的探讨挽救性人工髋关节置换术的疗效。方法1995年1月至2007年12月，对11例髋部骨折内固定治疗失败的患者（股骨颈骨折7例，股骨粗隆问骨折4例）进行回顾性研究，分析其内固定治疗失败的原因，总结这11例患者行人工髋关节置换术的疗效。结果髋部骨折内固定治疗失败的主要原因是复位不良、内固定技术错误。10例患者获平均12个月（2～27个月）随访。无感染、脱位、假体松动下沉及假体周围骨折等并发症发生。10例患者髋关节功能均有改善，Harris评分由术前平均34.5分提高到术后84.2分。结论骨折复位不良、错误的内固定技术是髋部骨折治疗失败的重要原因。进行挽救性的人工髋关节置换手术对恢复患者髋关节功能临床疗效满意。     

老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折发生因素的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析评价影响老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素。方法检索Pubmed、Cochrane、中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库自2005年1月至2018年4月国内外正式刊物上公开发表的有关老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部骨折相关因素的文献,严格评价质量及提取相关资料,获取患者的性别、年龄(>65岁)、吸烟、初次髋部骨折类型、骨质疏松症(Singh指数≥4为骨质疏松)、伴有原发性高血压、伴有帕金森病、伴有脑卒中、伴有老年痴呆症、伴有白内障、伴有类风湿关节炎、伴有糖尿病、初次骨折内固定种类、患者治疗配合的依从性。运用RevMan5.0软件进行统计分析,评估各项指标的优势比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)。结果共纳入17项研究13717例老年髋部骨折患者,发生对侧髋部骨折1504例。影响老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素有患者年龄(OR=-3.55,95%CI:-5.60^-1.50,P<0.001)、骨质疏松症(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.36~4.17,P=0.002)、伴有帕金森病(OR=4.54,95%CI:2.74~7.53,P<0.001)、脑卒中(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.18~0.59,P<0.001)、老年痴呆症(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29~0.62,P<0.001)、白内障(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.22~0.63,P<0.001)、类风湿关节炎(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.21~0.50,P<0.001)、糖尿病(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.47~0.91,P=0.01)、初次骨折内固定种类(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.30~0.85,P=0.01)、治疗配合依从性(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.21~0.64,P<0.001),而与性别(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.45~2.56,P=0.88)、吸烟(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.40~1.86,P=0.70)、初次髋部骨折类型(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.60~1.57,P=0.90)、伴有原发性高血压(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.41~1.21,P=0.20)无关。结论影响老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素有年龄偏大、伴有骨质疏松症、帕金森病、脑卒中、老年痴呆症、白内障、类风湿关节炎、糖尿病、初次骨折内固定种类、治疗配合依从性差。而患者性别、吸烟、骨折类型、伴有原发性高血压目前尚无足够的证据与对侧髋部骨折有关。     

Mortality in patients sustaining a periprosthetic fracture following a previous extracapsular hip fracture fixation

BackgroundMortality rates following hip fractures are decreasing. As these outcomes improve, it increases the potential for further falls and the potential to sustain a periprosthetic fracture. The aim of this study was to analyse the 1 year mortality of periprosthetic fractures around an implant used to treat an extracapsular hip fracture. Secondary outcomes included 30 day mortality, complications and risk factors associated with mortality.MethodsA retrospective case note and radiographic review of all patients who presented to a single institution with a periprosthetic femoral fracture around an implant previously used to treat an extracapsular hip fracture between 1st January and 2008 and 31st May 2015.Results29 patients with a mean age of 75.8. 6 males and 23 females. 20 (69.0%) patients had capacity to consent for surgery. Pre-operatively 34.5% mobilised independently without any walking aids. 79.3% lived at home. 62.1% had a Charlson co-morbidity score of 0 or 1, 27.6% a score of 2 or 3, 6.9% a score of 4 and 5, and 3.4% a score of more than 5.3.4% was ASA grade 1, 13.8% ASA2, 65.5% ASA 3 and 17.2% were ASA 4. The previous implant a dynamic hip screw in 75.9% dynamic hip screws and an intramedullary nail in 24.1%. There were 4 (13.8%) in-patient deaths. The 30 day mortality 17.2% (5 patients) was and the 1 year mortality was 44.8% (13 patients). There were 0 complications that required return to surgery during admission. 1 patient with a revision intramedullary nail had dynamisation performed due to delayed union 7 months following surgery. 1 patient required removal of metalwork 2 years following surgery for infection. When comparing risk factors for mortality, there were no significant risk factors found in this study for 30 day and 1 year mortality.ConclusionsThis paper suggests that periprosthetic fractures sustained after the surgical treatment of extra capsular neck of femur fractures have higher mortality rates than hip fractures. These patients should be given the same priority as these patients in there management.     

老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的手术治疗

目的探讨老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的围手术期治疗方法及短期疗效。方法自2006-01—2012-01共收治11例65岁以上髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者,3例股骨粗隆间骨折行闭合复位PFNA内固定术,8例股骨颈骨折均行骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术。总结此类患者围手术期治疗方法,并报道短期随访临床结果。结果 5例在院期间出现并发症。1例股骨颈骨折患者在术后12 d死亡,2例股骨粗隆间骨折内固定患者于术后7、9个月死于心血管意外,其余8例基本恢复术前的活动能力。术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分：股骨粗隆间骨折平均61.7（49~74）分,股骨颈骨折平均82.6（69~92）分。术后6个月X线片显示3例股骨粗隆间骨折均愈合,至末次随访时7例股骨颈骨折患者X线片未发现股骨假体松动。结论老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的围手术期评估非常重要,合理的围手术期处理及合适的手术方式选择能明显提高此类患者围手术期的安全性及术后临床疗效。     

Acute renal dysfunction following hip fracture

We investigated the incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute renal dysfunction (ARD) in patients with a fractured neck of femur.170 consecutive patients were prospectively included in the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit database and retrospectively analysed. Historically, lack of consensus definition has hindered accurate reporting of ARD. ARD was defined using the ‘RIFLE’ criteria.27 patients (16%) developed ARD. Risk factors were male sex, vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and pre-morbid use of nephrotoxic medications (p < 0.01). Inpatient, 30- and 120-day mortality was higher in the ARD group 19%, 22% and 41% respectively, versus 0%, 4% and 13% in the non-ARD group (p < 0.01). Length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the ARD group. Pre- and post-operative complications were 12 and 5 times more frequent respectively in the ARD group (p < 0.01).Awareness of risk factors and serial measurements of renal function allow early identification and focused monitoring of these patients.     

儿童髋部骨折治疗进展

目的对儿童髋部骨折治疗相关进展进行综述。方法广泛查阅儿童髋部骨折治疗相关文献,从儿童髋部解剖与血供、骨折分型、手术治疗原则及并发症方面进行总结。结果儿童髋部解剖结构与周围血供随年龄增长而不断改变。Delbet分型为儿童髋部骨折经典分型标准,患儿年龄与Delbet分型对手术治疗策略及术后并发症的发生均存在显著影响。把握手术时机、解剖复位及选择适当的内固定可有效改善预后,降低并发症发生率。儿童髋部骨折常见并发症有股骨头缺血性坏死、髋内翻畸形、股骨头骺线早闭、骨折不愈合。结论儿童髋部骨折的治疗理念及内固定选择仍存在一定争议,需进一步研究儿童髋部解剖及血供特点,改进内固定器材及使用技巧,避免出现严重并发症。     

Guideline for the management of hip fractures 2020

We convened a multidisciplinary Working Party on behalf of the Association of Anaesthetists to update the 2011 guidance on the peri-operative management of people with hip fracture. Importantly, these guidelines describe the core aims and principles of peri-operative management, recommending greater standardisation of anaesthetic practice as a component of multidisciplinary care. Although much of the 2011 guidance remains applicable to contemporary practice, new evidence and consensus inform the additional recommendations made in this document. Specific changes to the 2011 guidance relate to analgesia, medicolegal practice, risk assessment, bone cement implantation syndrome and regional review networks. Areas of controversy remain, and we discuss these in further detail, relating to the mode of anaesthesia, surgical delay, blood management and transfusion thresholds, echocardiography, anticoagulant and antiplatelet management and postoperative discharge destination. Finally, these guidelines provide links to supplemental online material that can be used at readers' institutions, key references and UK national guidance about the peri-operative care of people with hip and periprosthetic fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

成人髋关节发育不良的不同手术方案

目的探讨不同手术方案治疗成人髋关节发育不良的的临床效果。方法 2004年8月至2007年5月采用不同手术方法治疗成人髋关节发育不良68例81髋,男25例30髋,女43例51髋。其中旋转截骨术28髋,髋臼造盖术6髋,Chiari骨盆内移截骨术22髋,所有保髋手术年龄为18～50岁,平均35岁。全髋关节置换25髋,年龄在50～68岁,平均60岁。所有患者术后1年使用Harris评分髋关节功能。对保髋患者术前、术后及随访时测量CE角。结果全部获得随访,随访时间为3～6年,平均4年8个月。所有患者疼痛症状得到明显改善,HARRIS评分术前与术后1年spss通过13.0方差检验,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。所有保髋手术患者术前与术后1年Harris评分经过统计学分析,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。CE角术前为0°±15.2°,术后末次为26°±6.5°。无一例进行翻修术,所有患者中期随访疗效满意。结论对髋关节发育不良患者选择合适的手术方式可获得满意的中期疗效。     

Predictors of 5 year survival following hip fracture

Background

This study aims to assess the mortality associated with hip fracture at 5 years in a geriatric population, and evaluate the influence of age, cognitive state, mobility and residential status on long term survival after hip fracture.

Methods

A prospective audit was carried out of all patients with a hip fracture admitted to a university hospital over a 4 year period. Data from 2640 patients were analysed and multivariate analysis used to indicate the important variables predicting mortality. Patients fulfilling the criteria of age < 80 years, Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMT) ≥ 7/10, independently mobile and admitted from own home were put into group A (low risk group). Patients not meeting the criteria were placed into group B (high risk group).

Results

2640 patients fitted the inclusion criteria, 482 in group A and 2158 in group B. 850 patients (43.1%) died in their first year following hip fracture. 302 patients (63%) of group A were still alive at 5 years in comparison with only 367 (17%) of group B. Overall, 669 (25%) patients survived for 5 years. Increased survival was shown for the following variables: age < 80 years RR 5.27 (p < 0.01), AMT ≥ 7/10 RR 6.03 (p < 0.01), independent mobility RR 2.63 (p < 0.01) and admitted from own home RR 4.52 (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

These findings will allow for early recognition of those patients with an increased chance of long-term survival following hip fracture. Such patients may be suitable for surgical treatment, such as total hip replacement, which has a good long-term outcome.     

Factors influencing discharge location following hip fracture

INTRODUCTION: Outcome measures following hip fracture usually consider morbidity and mortality following injury.(5) Few studies have looked at post injury discharge location as an outcome measure following hip fracture. Discharging patients to a different location frequently delays discharge whilst the necessary social arrangements are made. Early identification of these patients could reduce these delays. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing discharge location following hip fracture. METHODS: Three thousand two hundred and forty consecutive patients were admitted to our centre with a fractured neck of femur. Data was prospectively collected by independent audit clerks on a standardised proforma. Our outcome measure was whether the patient was discharged from hospital either to their place of normal residence or to an alternative location. Factors influencing discharge location were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Increasing age was associated with increasing risk of requiring discharge to an alternative location (DAL) (p<0.001). This risk rose from 13% in the sixth decade by approximately 10% every additional decade. Males were 2.5 times more likely than females to require DAL. Patients who were more independent prior to injury were less likely to require DAL. Patients who sustained their injury whilst in hospital were 2.3 times more likely to require DAL compared to those who fell in their own homes. CONCLUSION: The following risk factors are associated with increased risk of requiring discharge to an alternative location: (1) pre-injury dependence, (2) increasing age, (3) male sex, (4) injury sustained whilst in hospital. Early identification of patients requiring DAL could reduce inpatient delays.     

髋关节置换术后股骨骨折治疗的新选择

目的 总结钢板钢缆固定系统在髋关节置换术后股骨骨折治疗中的应用。方法 回顾分析1998年～2002年应用该系统治疗11例临床和影像资料，并对随访结果及影像资料进行评定。结果 8例假体稳定，骨折无畸形愈合；2例假体略微下沉，骨折无畸形愈合；1例钢板断裂内翻畸形，接受二次手术。结论 钢板钢缆固定是治疗髋关节置换术后假体周围骨折的有效方法之一。     

老年髋部骨折手术疗效的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响老年髋部骨折手术疗效的相关危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2008年1月采用手术治疗且获得随访的127例髋部骨折患者（年龄≥75岁）资料,以术后1年死亡情况和独立生活能力恢复情况作为评定手术疗效的指标,统计可能对疗效产生影响的因素。 结果患者年龄、性别、骨折类型、心脏疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、合...     

内固定手术治疗胫骨平台骨折临床分析

随着社会的高速发展,交通事故及坠落伤引起的胫骨平台骨折病例逐渐增多。胫骨平台骨折是常见的关节内骨折,治疗不当会出现创伤性关节炎、关节不稳定及关节功能障碍等并发症。目前多主张手术干预。2000年至2006年收治63例胫骨平台骨折,现对内固定手术治疗进行回顾性分析,提出各种具体的治疗方法,以期进一步提高手术的远期效果。