LEVELS OF SMOKING AND PERI‑IMPLANT MARGINAL BONE LOSS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine if there was a significantly enhanced risk of peri?implant marginal bone loss (MBL) due to the increased number of cigarettes smoked per day.Materials and MethodsSix databases, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest, were searched until February, 2021. The search terms “dental implant, oral implant, smoking, smoker, non-smoker, marginal bone loss and crestal bone loss” were used in combination to seek the articles providing data for MBL related to the smoking habit. Articles were excluded if the quantity of cigarettes smoked per day was not reported. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the estimates of mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsEight studies were included for qualitative and 5 for quantitative synthesis. The meta‐analyses revealed higher levels of MBL in patients who smoked <10 or >10 cigarettes/day than in non-smokers (<10: (MD -0.33, 95% CI -0.69-0.03 and >10: MD -0.58, 95% CI -0.96- -0.19). There was a significant risk of MBL between patients who smoked >10 and <10 cigarettes/day (MD -0.23, 95% CI -0.47-0.01).ConclusionIt seems the risk of MBL is steadily increasing as daily smoking increases.     

RISK PREDICTORS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES INCREMENT—A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

This systematic review aimed to investigate the risk predictors of caries in primary teeth and evaluate their association with the increment of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among preschool children. This systematic review included only cohort or case-control studies of at least 2 years duration, over 300 participants and with English full-text. Potentially eligible studies were retrieved from 4 electronic databases (Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE; PubMed, Web of Science) from inception to March 1, 2021. Independent screening and data extraction by 2 reviewers to identify factors associated with ECC increment, including family and socioeconomic factors, dietary and oral health-related habits, and clinical parameters. A total of 18 studies from 163 potential reports were included, involving 1,159,226 preschool children. Lower parental education attainment was found associated with ECC increment (WMD:0.87; 95% CI 0.52, 1.21); whereas immigration status (WMD:-0.38; 95% CI -1.09, 0.34), gender (WMD:-0.02; 95% CI -0.28, 0.24), and dental service utilization (WMD:0.35; 95% CI -0.10, 0.79) were not significant factors for ECC increment. All included studies consistently suggested positive correlations between ECC increment and baseline caries experience, plaque level, cariogenic microorganisms, and prenatal and passive smoking, while mixed findings were detected between ECC increment with dietary and oral hygiene practices. Preschool children whose parents have low education level are more likely to have greater increment of ECC over 2 years. Existing caries lesions, increased dental plaque level, cariogenic microorganisms, prenatal or passive smoking were also consistently identified as risk factors for ECC in all reviewed studies. This systematic review highlights specific risk factors to target for the prevention of ECC and supports implementing more oral health promotion for preschool children with parents of lower educational attainment.     

EFFICACY OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AND CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST Enterococcus faecalis – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The efficacy of the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by systematic review and meta-analysis. The search strategies included search in electronic biomedical journal databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and handsearching records, using different matches of keywords for NaOCl, CHX and Enterococcus faecalis. From 41 in vivo studies, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. In a sample containing 159 teeth, E. faecalis was detected initially in 16 (10%) teeth by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 42 (26.4%) teeth by microbial culture techniques. After root canal disinfection, this species was observed in 11 (6.9%) teeth by PCR and 12 (7.5%) teeth by culture. Risk differences of included studies were combined as generic inverse variance data type (Review Manager Version 5.0 – Cochrane Collaboration, http://www.cc-ims.net, accessed 15 May 2008), taking into account the separate tracking of positive and negative cultures/PCR. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In conclusion, NaOCl or CHX showed low ability to eliminate E. faecalis when evaluated by either PCR or culture techniques.     

FISSURE SEALANT IN A NUTSHELL. EVIDENCE-BASED META-EVALUATION OF SEALANTS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN CARIES PREVENTION AND ARREST

ObjectiveThis meta-evaluation aimed to summarize all available evidence regarding different fissure sealants on occlusal caries prevention, arrest, retention rate, adverse effect, and cost-effectiveness; when compared with no intervention, other preventive or minimally-invasive procedures.Materials and MethodsThe systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified via four electronic databases and manual searching. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, quality assessment with AMSTAR-2.ResultsAmong the 366 records yielded, 38 systematic reviews were identified as eligible 24 of them included meta-analyses. Moderate evidence has supported the efficacies of resin-based sealants (RBS) in occlusal caries prevention, arrest and cost-effectiveness compared to no interventions. Low to very low certainty of evidence suggested similar effectiveness of glass-ionomer cements in caries prevention with RBS and more superior performance of resin infiltration in arresting non-cavitated occlusal lesions.ConclusionThis meta-evaluation supports the use of RBS on permanent molars to reduce occlusal caries occurrence, arrest lesion progression and alleviate oral health inequalities between individuals of different socioeconomic status. This meta-evaluation also advocates further research on glass-ionomer cements and resin infiltration with respect to their efficacies in caries prevention and arrest.     

ENGLISH ABSTRACTS OF ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Casse study on occurence of ankyloglossi andits effect on pronouncing clarity；Lower lip biting habits and malocclusions； The study of assessing methods forvelopharyngeal function in patients with op-erated cleft palate； Discussion of the treatment of Formocresol (FC-ZOE)and Glutaradehyde (GA-ZOE) for pulpitis and periapical disease on primary teeth     

ENGLISH ABSTRACTS OF ORIGNAL ARTICLES

Clinical assessment of rehabilitation after radical surgery of gongue cancer zhang chenping et al department of oral and maxillofacial surgery shaghai No.9 hospital.shanghai 200011     

ASSESSMENT OF CANAL WALLS AFTER BIOMECHANICAL PREPARATION OF ROOT CANALS INSTRUMENTED WITH PROTAPER UNIVERSAL? ROTARY SYSTEM

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the instrumented walls of root canals prepared with the ProTaper Universal™ rotary system.

Material and Methods:

Twenty mesiobuccal canals of human first mandibular molars were divided into 2 groups of 10 specimens each and embedded in a muffle system. The root canals were transversely sectioned 3 mm short of the apex before preparation and remounted in their molds. All root canals were prepared with ProTaper Universal™ rotary system or with Nitiflex™ files. The pre and postoperative images of the apical thirds viewed with a stereoscopic magnifier (×45) were captured digitally for further analysis. Data were analyzed statistically by Fisher''s exact test and Chi-square test at 5% significance level.

Results:

The differences observed between the instrumented and the noninstrumented walls were not statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

The Nitiflex™ files and the ProTaper Universal™ rotary system failed to instrument all the root canal walls.