氯吡格雷联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性缺血性卒中疗效评价

研究背景抗血小板治疗已经成为缺血性卒中的常规治疗方法,目前对其作用的肯定主要源于临床应用,迄今尚无一项能够准确评价其有效性的实验室指标。有研究证实,血小板活化程度与动脉粥样硬化和缺血性卒中相关,尤其是血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白CD62p和溶酶体膜糖蛋白CD63均为血小板活化的重要指标。本研究旨在通过观察急性缺血性卒中患者血小板膜表面CD62p和CD63表达变化,探讨以血小板活化程度反映氯吡格雷(75 mg)、奥扎格雷钠(80 mg)与阿司匹林(0.15 g)的疗效差异。方法采用流式细胞术检测急性缺血性卒中患者氯吡格雷(75 mg)联合奥扎格雷钠(80 mg,联合治疗组)及阿司匹林单药(阿司匹林组)治疗前后血小板CD62p和CD63阳性表达率,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价神经功能改善程度。结果与正常对照组相比,治疗前急性缺血性卒中组患者血小板CD62p和CD63阳性表达率升高(P=0.001,0.032);治疗后CD62p和CD63阳性表达率、NIHSS评分逐步下降(均P=0.000)。与治疗前相比,治疗后联合治疗组和阿司匹林组患者血小板CD62p和CD63阳性表达率、NIHSS评分逐步下降(均P=0.000),但组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。CD62p和CD63阳性表达率在不同观察时间点与治疗分组之间不存在交互作用(F=1.403,P=0.250;F=2.830,P=0.063),但NIHSS评分在不同观察时间点与治疗分组之间存在交互作用(F=4.518,P=0.013)。结论抗血小板药物治疗急性缺血性卒中有效,但氯吡格雷与奥扎格雷钠联合治疗之疗效与阿司匹林单药治疗并无差异。缺血性卒中急性期测定血小板CD62p阳性表达率可以用于评价抗血小板药物的疗效,但CD63表达的临床价值尚待进一步研究。     

急性脑梗死患者血小板膜糖蛋白分子表达分析

目的 观察急性脑梗死患者血小板膜糖蛋白分子表达变化,探讨脑梗死患者的血小板活化程度的临床意义.方法 用流式细胞术检测84例动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者及61例对照者全血血小板膜糖蛋白PAC-1、CD62P阳性率,分析其与脑梗死的病程、病灶部位及大小的关系.结果 与对照组相比,急性脑梗死组PAC-1、CD62P阳性率均显著增高(P＜0.05);发病3d内PAC-1、CD62P阳性率＞15d以上者,且与梗死灶大小密切相关,与梗死的部位无关.结论 急性脑梗死患者血小板活化程度明显提高,与病情严重性有一定的关系,宜早期加强抑制血小板活化的治疗.     

CD62p、CD63联合血栓弹力图检测在氯吡格雷治疗复发性脑梗死的临床意义

目的 探讨初发脑梗死患者与复发脑梗死患者在氯吡格雷治疗后,血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p、CD63及血栓弹力图指标变化特点及其临床意义。方法 纳入2019年7月至2021年1月在该院住院的急性缺血性脑卒中患者103例,分为复发脑梗死组（43例）和初发脑梗死组（60例）。入院后服用氯吡格雷(75 mg/d),服药后第8天采用流式细胞术测定患者血浆中血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p和CD63表达率,并行血栓弹力图(TEG)检测,包括血小板ADP抑制率(%)、血细胞凝集块形成时间(K)、凝血反应时间(R)、血细胞凝集块形成速率(α角)和血凝块最大硬度或强度(MA)等指标,分析TEG各参数与CD62P、CD63表达率特点及其相关性。结果 初发组和复发组治疗后血小板糖蛋白CD62p、CD63表达阳性率较治疗前均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与初发组相比,复发组治疗后CD62p、CD63的表达阳性率下降幅度更小,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与初发组相比,复发组治疗后第8天检测血小板ADP抑制率更低、K值更短、MA更高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。初发组与复发组治疗第8天TEG检测中凝血反应时间R与CD63表达阳性率均呈负相关;CD62p表达阳性率与ADP抑制率均呈负相关。复发组ADP抑制率与CD63表达阳性率呈负相关。结论 复发性脑梗死患者在氯吡格雷治疗后具有更高的血小板反应性、血小板活性和血凝状态,CD62p、CD63联合血栓弹力图指标检测有一定的临床意义。引用格式:471-475.]     

血小板活化指标与短暂性脑缺血发作的转归

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者疾病转归与血小板活化指标α颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62p)、溶酶体颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD63)、血小板膜表面糖蛋白(CD41)的关系.方法57例TIA患者随访2个月,分别在服药后1 d、1周、1个月和2个月时采用流式细胞仪检测血小板CD62p、CD63和CD41表达的百分率,同时监测病情发展趋向.结果TIA缓解组、TIA反复发作组与TIA进展为脑梗死组的血小板CD62p、CD63、CD41阳性百分率逐级升高(P＜0.05～＜0.001),尤其以进展为脑梗死组指标升高最为明显(P＜0.01～0.001).结论血小板活化CD62p,CD63及CD41可作为TIA发展演变的估测指标.     

血小板活化特异性标志物PAC-1和CD62p与急性脑梗死病情严重程度的相关性

目的 探讨急性脑梗死(acute cerebral irlflarction,ACI)患者血小板膜糖蛋白(glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa,GPⅡb/Ⅲa)纤维蛋白原受体PAC-1和P选择素(P-Selectin,CD62p)与ACI患者病情严重程度的相关性.方法 采用流式细胞仪技术分别检测58例ACI患者急性期(<7d)外周血PAC-1和CD62p含量,同时采用Barthel指数和NIHSS量表评分法对ACI患者进行神经功能学评分,并选取20名健康人作为对照组进行参考值测定.结果 与对照组(0.22±0.13;4.21±1.11)相比,ACI患者PAC-1含量(0.92±0.40)和CD62p含量(7.07±3.07)在急性期(<7 d)显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.05),且与ACI患者病情严重程度成正相关(P<0.05;P<0.01).结论PAC-1和CD62p与ACI患者病情严重程度呈正相关.早期检测PAC-1和CD62p水平对于预防ACI发生、评估病情轻重以及判断预后有着重要的意义.     

急性脑梗死患者血小板膜糖蛋白变化的临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血小板膜糖蛋白变化的临床意义。方法应用流式细胞术检测72例ACI患者及15名正常对照者血小板膜糖蛋白纤维蛋白原受体(PAC-1)、P-选择素(CD62P)的表达水平。结果ACI患者PAC-1、CD62P的表达水平[(5.80±5.22)、(8.07±3.85)]明显高于正常对照组[(1.14±0.74)、(0.23±0.15)](均P<0.01),而且与病情分级密切相关。结论ACI患者不同阶段均存在外周血小板活化,PAC-1、CD62P可作为血小板活化的分子标志物,为ACI的诊断及判断病情发展,提供重要参考依据。     

奥扎格雷对急性脑梗死患者血小板CD62p和CD63表达的影响及其疗效

目的观察奥扎格雷对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血小板CD62p、CD63表达的影响及其疗效。方法将64例ACI患者随机分为奥扎格雷治疗组和血塞通治疗组(对照组),采用流式细胞术检测ACI患者治疗前后及正常人(正常组)血小板CD62p、CD63的表达;观察奥扎格雷治疗组和对照组的临床疗效并进行比较。结果ACI患者血小板CD62p、CD63表达水平明显高于正常组(均P<0.01);奥扎格雷治疗组与对照组治疗后血小板CD62p、CD63表达水平较治疗前均有明显下降(P<0.05～0.01),奥扎格雷治疗组又明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(均P<0.05)。奥扎格雷治疗组的基本痊愈率、显著进步率、总有效率明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论ACI发病后血小板CD62p、CD63表达水平显著增高;奥扎格雷有明显抑制血小板表达CD62p、CD63的作用,对ACI的治疗效果显著。     

脑梗死急性期血小板功能定量分析

目的:探讨不同类型脑梗死急性期血小板功能的变化以及与各种危险因素的关系。方法:应用流式细胞术测定160例脑梗死患者及50名正常对照组的血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62p)、溶酶体颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD63)和血小板膜表面糖蛋白(CD41)表达的百分率,分析这些血小板糖蛋白与脑梗死类型和伴发的危险因素的关系。结果:各组血小板CD62p、CD63、CD41阳性的百分率均高于正常对照组(P<0.05～0.01),以大动脉粥样硬化组升高最明显(P<0.01～0.001)。脑梗死相关的危险因素影响血小板活化,且与伴发程度和危险因素种类相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:血小板功能的活化程度与脑梗死的类型和伴发的危险因素显著相关。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林在急性脑梗死治疗中的疗效评定

目的探讨氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林在急性脑梗死治疗中的临床疗效。方法将80例急性脑梗死患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组40例给予阿司匹林治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用氯吡格雷治疗,治疗2周后比较2组临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分、血小板抑制率及溶酶体颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD63)、α颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62P)表达水平。结果观察组临床疗效显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.159,P0.05);治疗第1、2周时,观察组神经功能缺损评分及CD63、CD62P表达水平均低于对照组,AA、ADP均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氯吡格雷与阿司匹林联合应用提高了急性脑梗死患者临床疗效和神经功能,抑制了血小板聚集和血小板活化,值得临床重视。     

不同剂量阿司匹林在急性脑梗死治疗中的疗效比较

目的 通过观察急性脑梗死患者α颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62p)及溶酶体颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD63)表达水平,探讨以血小板活化的变化反映不同剂量阿司匹林的疗效差异.方法 使用流式细胞术检测阿司匹林0.15 g、0.20 g治疗前后的CD62p、CD63阳性率,同时进行NIHSS评分.结果 脑梗死组血小板CD62p、CD63阳性率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),其在阿司匹林治疗前后也有显著差异(P＜0.01),但是阿司匹林0.15 g组与0.20 g组间比较无显著性差异,两个剂量组疗效比较无差异.结论 阿司匹林治疗脑梗死有效,但是其0.15 g与0.20 g剂量的疗效可能无明显差异.     

Hyperresponsiveness of platelets in ischemic stroke

Platelet activation and aggregation are critical in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of our study was to characterize platelet function in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and to evaluate the effect of platelet activation on clinical outcome. One hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients with TIA (n = 74) or stroke (n = 64) were enrolled in this study. Platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, arachidonic acid, or collagen, and expression of platelet activation receptors (CD62P, CD63, LIBS-1 and PAC-1) in the acute phase and at three months follow-up were evaluated. Platelets derived from stroke patients were more hyperaggregable in response to agonists in the acute phase compared to TIA patients (p[ADP] = 0.002, p[arachidonic acid] = 0.047, p[epinephrine] = 0.020). Platelet activation was enhanced in the acute phase irrespective of the severity of the disease (stroke or TIA) and returned to baseline levels three months later. Persistent elevated platelet activation at three months follow-up (PAC-1) was associated with increased incidence of recurrent stroke (median, [interquartile range] 3.4, [3.0-5.2] versus 2.9, [2.3-4.0], p = 0.048). In conclusion, platelets are hyperactive in acute stroke compared with TIA. A more intensified dual antiplatelet therapy may be of benefit for stroke patients.     

氯吡格雷对不同CYP2C19基因分型脑梗死患者的影响

目的观察氯吡格雷对不同CYP2C19基因分型脑梗死患者血小板CD62P、PAC-1表达和NIHSS评分的影响。方法 56例脑梗死患者根据CYP2C19基因分型分成3组,经氯吡格雷治疗14d,比较3组患者治疗前,治疗后7d、14d的血小板CD62P、PAC-1表达和NIHSS评分的改变。结果 3组患者治疗前血小板CD62P、PAC-1表达和NIHSS评分比较无统计学差异;治疗7d后EM组,IM组的CD62P、PAC-1和NIHSS评分均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),PM组CD62P、PAC-1和NIHSS评分均低于治疗前,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗14d后,EM组和IM组的CD62P、PAC-1和NIHSS评分均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),也低于治疗后7d(P0.05),PM组的CD62P、PAC-1和NIHSS评分低于治疗前(P0.05),也低于后7d,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);用药第7天和用药第14天PM组的CD62P、PAC-1表达水平和NIHSS评分均高于EM组(P0.05)。结论脑梗死患者CYP2C19基因形态可能是影响氯吡格雷临床预后的重要影响因素。     

缺血性脑卒中患者P选择素、溶酶体蛋白表达的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨缺血性脑卒中患者P选择素(CD62P)、溶酶体蛋白(CD63)表达的规律及其临床意 义。方法　运用流式细胞术检测168例缺血性脑卒中患者(急性期及恢复期)及40名健康对照者CD62P、CD63 的表达,并与神经功能缺损程度评分(NDS)进行相关分析。结果　(1)缺血性脑卒中患者急性期CD62P、CD63 表达[(9.48±1.24)%、(8.36±1.18)%]显著高于其恢复期[(5.73±1.27)%、(4.21±1.20)%]及健康对 照组[(1.59±0.56)%、(0.92±0.38)%](均P<0.01),恢复期CD62P、CD63表达仍高于对照组(P<0.01); (2)缺血性脑卒中组急性期患者按牛津郡社区卒中计划分为4个亚型,CD62P、CD63表达在完全前循环梗死 (TACI)组[(16.45±1.13)%、(15.59±1.28)%]明显高于部分前循环梗死(PACI)组[(10.63±1.18)%、 (9.38±1.14)%]、后循环梗死(POCI)组[(10.54±1.14)%、(9.33±1.13)%]及腔隙性梗死(LACI)组 [(6.59±1.35)%、(5.53±1.20)%](均P<0.01),PACI组及POCI组明显高于LACI组(均P<0.01),而 PACI组及POCI组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);(3)CD62P、CD63表达与NDS呈显著直线正相关(r=0.84、 r=0.817,均P<0.01)。结论　缺血性脑卒中患者急性期CD62P、CD63表达显著升高,可能参与了缺血性脑损 伤形成的病理过程,并间接反映其病情程度;恢复期CD62P、CD     

Link between platelet activity and outcomes after an ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Platelets play an important role in atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events. We examined the relationship between platelet activity and outcomes after an ischemic stroke. METHODS: Using flow cytometry, we serially measured the fractions of circulating platelet activity (CD62p expression) after an ischemic stroke in early (<48 h), recent (day 7), convalescent (day 21) and chronic (day 90) phases in 92 consecutive patients with an ischemic stroke. Patients were classified into high (CD62p expression >3.16%) and low (CD62p expression < or =3.16%) platelet activity groups according to the median value of CD62p expression in the early phase of a stroke. RESULTS: The composite end point--death, recurrent stroke and severe neurological impairment (alive in care), defined as a score of >13 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale--within the first 30 days and at an interval of 8.2 +/- 1.5 months of follow-up was determined for each group. In the first 30 days, the composite end point occurred in 37.0% of patients in the high platelet activity group as compared with 6.5% in the low platelet activity group (p = 0.0004). At a mean follow-up of 8.2 +/- 1.5 months, the composite end point occurred in 36.6% of patients in the high platelet activity group as compared with 10.9% in the low platelet activity group (p = 0.0044). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis displayed that high platelet activity (p = 0.011), age (p = 0.013) and the presence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.021) were independently associated with adverse outcomes at the intermediate-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study showed that high platelet activity is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes after an early ischemic stroke.     

基于血管新生与神经发生探讨依达拉奉对缺血性脑卒中大鼠的作用与机制

目的 探讨依达拉奉对缺血性脑卒中大鼠血管新生和神经发生的影响.方法 将SD大鼠分为对照组、缺血性脑卒中组、依达拉奉低剂量、高剂量组;后3组构建大脑中动脉闭塞/再灌注模型,然后各组持续尾静脉注射生理盐水和依达拉奉,持续21d,结束后进行神经功能评分,取脑组织并进行2,3,5-氯化三苯四唑(2,3,5-triphenylt...     

Relationship between changes in platelet reactivity and changes in platelet receptor expression induced by physical exercise

INTRODUCTION: In previous studies we have consistently shown a significant increase of platelet reactivity after exercise in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). We also observed a significant individual variability in the response to exercise of platelet reactivity in these patients. Whether exercise-induced changes in platelet reactivity correlate with changes in platelet membrane receptors in patients with CAD is unknown. METHODS: We studied 26 patients with stable CAD and 10 matched healthy controls who underwent a symptom-limited treadmill exercise stress test. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and within 5 min of peak exercise. Platelet reactivity was measured by the PFA-100 method as time to occlude (closure time, CT) a ring coated with collagen/adenosine diphosphate (C/ADP). Platelet expression of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, in both global (CD41) and active form (PAC-1), and P-selectin (CD62P) and formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: After exercise CT did not change in controls (85.4+/-12 to 84.0+/-9 s, p=0.37), whereas it decreased in CAD patients (98.8+/-24 to 91.4+/-25 s, p<0.001). After exercise, CD41 and PAC-1 platelet expression increased significantly in CAD patients (p=0.04 for both), but not in controls (p=0.39 and p=0.98, respectively). To evaluate the relationship between the response to exercise of platelet reactivity and of platelet receptor expression, CAD patients were divided into two groups: CAD group 1 (16 patients, decrease in CT >5 s after exercise) and CAD group 2 (10 patients no increase in platelet reactivity after exercise). CD41 and PAC-1 expression increased in CAD group 1 (p=0.008 and p=0.026, respectively) but not in CAD group 2 (p=0.39 and p=0.50, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups for changes in CD62P and leukocyte-platelet aggregates. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that, in patients with stable CAD, an increased platelet reactivity to C/ADP stimulation after exercise, as assessed by the PFA-100 method, is specifically associated with an increased expression of platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor.     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者血小板活化程度及其临床意义

目的 探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者血小板活化程度及其临床意义.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测72例TIA患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度;应用流式细胞仪检测血小板活化因子PAC-1与P-选择素(CD62P)水平,并与正常对照组(30例)进行比较.结果 TIA组PAC-1和CD62P水平显著高于正常对照组(均P<0.01);TIA组中,颈动脉粥样硬化程度越高,PAC-1和CD62P水平越高;颈动脉斑块亚组PAC-1和CD62P水平明显高于颈动脉IMT增厚亚组(均P<0.05);不稳定斑块亚组显著高于稳定斑块亚组(均P<0.01).结论 TIA患者血小板活化程度明显增高.检测TIA患者血小板活化程度有助于判断颈动脉粥样硬化的程度.     

Lack of uniform platelet activation in patients after ischemic stroke and choice of antiplatelet therapy

INTRODUCTION: Platelets play an important role in the natural history of ischemic stroke, and are known to be activated in the acute phase. Although aspirin reduces risks of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death, the extent of platelet action and the effect of aspirin on platelet function in patients recovering from stroke remain unclear. METHODS: We studied 120 individuals divided into three equal groups: aspirin-free patients after ischemic stroke, post-stroke patients receiving aspirin (81-650 mg/daily), and aspirin-free subjects with multiple risk factors for vascular disease. Conventional platelet aggregation induced by 5 microM ADP and 5 microM epinephrine, cartridge-based analyzers (Ultegra, and PFA-100) readings, and expression of CD31, CD41a, CD42b, GPIIb/IIIa activity, CD51/CD61, CD62p, CD63, CD107a, CD154, CD165, formation of platelet-monocyte aggregates, intact (SPAN12), and cleaved (WEDE15) PAR-1 thrombin receptors by flow cytometry were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no differences between aspirin-free post-stroke patients and aspirin-free controls. Although aggregation was slightly higher, 12 out of the 14 receptor analyses, were surprisingly lower in the post-stroke cohort. Aspirin-treated patients exhibited highly significant inhibition of epinephrine-induced aggregation (p=0.0001), prolongation of the closure time (p=0.03), and reduction of the aspirin reactive units (p=0.02) measured by the Ultegra device. In addition, surface platelet expression of thrombospondin (p=0.001), GPIIb/IIIa activity (p=0.04), P-selectin (p=0.03), CD40-ligand (p=0.04), CD165 (p=0.02), the formation of the platelet-monocyte aggregates (p=0.01), and intact epitope of PAR-1 thrombin receptor (p=0.03) were significantly lower in the aspirin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Platelets are not activated in aspirin-free patients after ischemic stroke. Platelet function is significantly inhibited in those treated with aspirin when compared with healthy subjects with risk factors for vascular disease. Bleeding complications and hemorrhagic transformations after aggressive antiplatelet regimens could be related to the decreased or normal baseline platelet characteristics in such patients. Further analysis of platelet heterogeneity and its clinical significance remains to be determined in randomized trials.     

血小板激活及血小板参数变化在脑梗死发病机制中的作用

目的研究血小板激活以及血小板参数变化在脑梗死发病机制中的作用。方法采用流式细胞术测定急性脑梗死患者168例和健康对照者40名外周血P选择素(CD62p)、溶酶体蛋白(CD63)的阳性表达率,同时测定血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)和血小板最大聚集率(MAR)。并进行比较及相关因素分析。结果(1)脑梗死患者CD62p、CD63及MPV、MAR明显高于健康对照组,并且上述指标急性期均高于恢复期(均P<0·01);(2)全前循环梗死(TACI)亚型的脑梗死患者CD62p、CD63及MPV、MAR显著高于部分前循环梗死(PACI)、后循环梗死(POCI)及腔隙性梗死(LACI)亚型,在PACI及POCI亚型中上述各测定值较LACI亚型显著增高,差异均具有显著性(均P<0·01);而在PACI及POCI亚型之间差异并无显著性(P>0·05);(3)PLT在脑梗死患者急性期、恢复期与健康对照组之间以及牛津郡社区卒中项目(OCSP)各亚型之间差异无显著性(均P>0·05)。(4)CD62p、CD63呈显著正相关(r=0·826,P<0·01),且与MPV及MAR亦呈明显正相关(r=0·703、0·698,均P<0·01);但与PLT之间无相关性(均P>0·05)。结论脑梗死患者血小板的大量激活及其体积和最大聚集率的升高参与了脑梗死的病理过程,监测MPV和MAR较PLT更能反映脑梗死的病情程度,为应用抗血小板聚集药物提供依据。