c—myc基因在乳腺癌,膀胱癌和肾癌组织中的扩增研究

目的研究乳腺癌、膀胱癌和肾癌组织中ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增情况。方法采用聚合酶链式反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃ－ｔｉｏｎ,ＰＣＲ）,对４８例恶性肿瘤ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增进行研究,通过激光密度扫描仪对琼脂糖凝胶ＥＢ染色底片进行积分光密度分析。结果正常组织无ｃ－ｍｙｃ扩增,ｃ－ｍｙｃ与ｎ－ｍｙｃ＋１－ｍｙｃ比值９５％可信区间为０．０８６９－０．６２５７,乳腺癌组织ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增阳性率为     

Oral Psychosomatic Disorders in Family Caregivers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Objective: To investigate the oral psychosomatic disorders (PSDs) in family caregivers (FCs) of oral cancer (OC) patients and to evaluate the correlation between these oral PSDs to severity of depression anxiety and stress. Methods: A total of 50 participants were included each in first degree relative (FDR), second degree relative (SDR) and control group. All the participants completed DASS-21 questionnaire and were subjected to thorough clinical history and oral examination. Results: All the FCs reported statistically significant higher mean levels of depression, anxiety and stress compared to controls (p˂0.001). A significantly greater number of FCs (40.00%) reported oral PSDs than control group (12.00%). Most prevalent oral PSD in FCs was aphthous stomatitis followed by oral lichen planus, bruxism, burning mouth syndrome and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Moreover, there was a preponderance of these diseases in FDR (60.86%) compared to SDR (26.08%). FCs with moderate to very severe depression, anxiety and stress showed higher prevalence of these oral PSDs compared to the ones with mild depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: The observations of higher prevalence of oral PSDs in FCs with psychological alterations can enhance healthcare professionals’ awareness to better understand FCs’ oral healthcare needs.     

Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

During the 27 years between 1962 and 1988,984 patients visited the National Cancer Center Hospital for previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and lip. The records of all these 984 patients were reviewed to determine the incidence of additional primary carcinoma. 1) One hundred and thirty-five additional carcinomas developed in 111 patients (11.2%) during 5,689.2 person-years of observation. The incidence of additional primary carcinoma was 23.7 per 1,000 person-years. 2) The cumulative rate of additional primary carcinoma during the first five years of observation showed a tendency to increase in the most recently treated patients (from 1980 to 1988). 3) The observed-to-expected ratio (O/E ratio) for all sites was 2.77 and this is significantly high ( P < 0.01). The calculation of the O/E ratio for each site revealed significantly high risks in the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus and skin. The O/E ratio for the oral cavity and pharynx was extremely high (79.45). 4) The O/E ratio for all sites in each year of follow-up was the highest in the first year, stayed nearly constant from the second to 14th years, and decreased gradually afterwards. Significantly high risk was observed until the 13th year of follow-up. Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma must be under frequent and regular examination for almost 15 years.     

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: An unselected material from a 5-year period

Three hundred and four patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity were treated at the Finsen Institute in cooperation with the ENT-surgical departments between 1978 and 1982. The primary treatment consisted of radiotherapy alone in 74%, surgery alone in 4%, and a combination of radiotherapy and surgery in 15% of the patients. Two per cent received other treatment (cryotherapy), 5% did not complete the planned radiotherapy, and 1% were not treated at all. Of 203 patients with tumour remnant or first recurrence, 45% were operated, 2% received radiotherapy, and 2% combined treatment. This treatment strategy made 38% of the patients free of disease in the follow-up period (3 1/2 to 8 years) or until the patients died from other causes. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients died from their oral carcinomas. Tumour size (T), lymph node status (N), and tumour stage were as expected important prognostic factors.     

口腔鳞癌细胞增殖特性与其ras癌基因产物P21的关系

应用流式细胞术及细胞免疫荧光染色技术，对３６例口腔鳞癌细胞增殖特性及其与ｒａｓ癌基因产物Ｐ２１表达的关系进行了分析。结果显示，Ｐ２１表达阳性的口腔鳞癌其ＰⅠ、Ｇ２Ｍ期细胞百分比均显著高于表达阴性组。Ｐ２１表达阳性的肿瘤，临床上多表现为生长较快，肿瘤最大表面直径也多在较大范围。ＤＮＡ倍体也与Ｐ２１表达密切相关，异倍体肿瘤表达阳性率明显高于二倍体肿瘤。表明Ｐ２１表达阳性的口腔鳞癌有更旺盛的增殖活动。本研究显示，对口腔鳞癌ｒａｓ癌基因产物Ｐ２１的定量研究，有助于了解其临床生物学行为及增殖特性。     

Evaluation of Mucosamin Effect on Treating Radiation Induced Oral Mucositis during and after Radiotherapy amongst Patients with Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Oral mucositis is a serious complication radiation therapy for cancer. This is a major complication during radiation therapy of the head and neck tumors in approximately all patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Mucosamin on treatment of radiation induced oral mucositis during and after radiotherapy amongst patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, eligible patients who referred to radiation oncology department of Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran from Jan 2018 till Jan 2019 were evaluated. The cases with confirmed pathologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent 6,000 cGy radiation therapy and were randomly divided into two groups: 1- Intervention group; Mucosamin spray for 3-4 times a day (n = 40); 2 - Control group; standard medications (3 times a day) (n = 40). Oral mucositis was evaluated weekly based on RTOG scoring scale. Grade of mucositis was recorded during treatment and after radiation therapy. Results: A total of 80 patients were divided in two groups of Mucosamin and control. From week 3 until the end of radiotherapy (week 6) and after radiotherapy (week 8), there was a significant difference in the severity of oral mucositis between the Mucosamin and the control groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Mucosamin spray was able to significantly improved radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.     

胃癌,大肠癌中c—myc癌基因的扩增及临床意义

17例胃癌、22例大肠癌及癌旁组织经PCR扩增及电泳带激光扫描测定c－myc基因改变。其中，胃癌癌组织c－myc扩增29．14％，癌旁组织组织扩增30．77％；大肠癌癌组织c－myc扩增45．45％，癌旁组织为37．5％。c－myc扩增多发生在低分化癌中。提示肿瘤分化和c－myc基因扩增之间存在着一定的相关性。组织分化愈差，c－myc扩增比率愈高。因此，c－myc扩增情况可以作为判断预后又指导治疗的指标。     

Prognostic Stratification of Patients With Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose of Review

Prognosis of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma remains a challenge for clinicians despite progress in its diagnosis and treatment over the past decades. In this review, we assessed clinicopathological factors and potential biomarkers along with their prognostic relevance in an attempt to develop optimal treatment strategies for these patients.

Recent Findings

In addition to several pathologic factors that have been proposed to improve prognostic stratification and treatment planning in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee staging manual on cancer, we reviewed some other imaging and clinicopathological parameters demonstrated to be closely associated with patient prognosis, along with the biomarkers related to novel target or immune therapy.

Summary

Evaluation of current literature regarding the prognostic stratification used in contemporary clinicopathological studies and progress in the development of targeted or immune therapy may help these patients benefit from tailored and personalized treatment and obtain better oncological results.

     

Association of Preoperative Radiation Effect with Tumor Angiogenesis and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This study examined the relationship between tumor angiogenesis and the radiation-induced response, evaluated based on pathological changes, in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with preoperative radiation therapy. Forty-one cases of squamous cell carcinoma treated with preoperative radiation therapy were investigated. Tumor angiogenesis was assessed by scoring the intratumor microvessel density (IMVD). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also evaluated before and after preoperative radiotherapy. There was no correlation between IMVD in the specimens before therapy and the pathological response to radiation therapy. However, radiation therapy decreased IMVD in the specimens after therapy. A significant association was observed between VEGF expression and resistance to radiation therapy: only 4 of the 21 patients whose tumors exhibited a high level (2+ or 3+) of VEGF staining experienced a major (3+ or 4+) pathological response to radiation therapy. Furthermore, an increasing level of VEGF expression after radiation therapy was observed in non-effective (0 to 2+) response cases. These results suggest that VEGF expression and the induction of this protein are related to radiosensitivity and could be used to predict the effects of preoperative radiation therapy on oral squamous cell carcinoma.     

选择性剪接在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

选择性剪接是转录后基因表达调控的关键步骤,它的异常与肿瘤发生密切相关。本文系统阐述了口腔鳞状细胞癌中选择性剪接的调控、具体事件及预后模型的开发,为探索口腔鳞状细胞癌靶向治疗提供新的思路。     

DOP及PD方案术前诱导化疗在口腔鳞癌治疗中的应用

对采用ＤＯＰ方案及ＰＤ方案术前诱导化疗的１４９例口腔鳞癌的疗效进行观察分析。采用ＤＯＰ方案治疗９５例,ＰＤ方案治疗５４例,药物总有效率分别为８５．３％、７９．６％。化疗后１０～１４ｄ施行手术治疗。３ａ、５ａ生存率分别为７２．８％、６８．２％。术前采用ＤＯＰ或ＰＤ方案治疗口腔鳞癌均能达到诱导化疗的目的。对体质较好,特别是有淋巴结转移者,采用ＤＯＰ方案较为适宜,对于体质较差者,则可采用ＰＤ方案。     

Predictive Value of p62 Protein in the Recurrence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Tumor recurrence is one of the major problems that affect the postoperative efficacy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment. Autophagy is known to have a dual-sided effect on tumors. However, studies on autophagy and prognosis are limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between autophagy and OSCC recurrence. Materials and methods: 72 patients with OSCC were followed for 5 years after curative surgery. Tissue specimens from each patient were divided into tumor, normal, and marginal groups. Autophagy protein expression was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Statistical significance was evaluated using the chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to construct a survival curve, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival rates. Cox regression was utilized to describe independent prognostic risk factors. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the utility of p62 and LC3II expression in assessing OSCC recurrence. Results: Correlations were observed between survival rates and T stage (p = 0.00439), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), tumor differentiation (p = 0.00423), and changes in p62 expression (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed lower p62 protein expression in the tumor group compared to the normal group with a higher risk of recurrence (RR = 3.713), and lower p62 protein expression was found in the marginal group compared to the tumor group, with a lower risk of recurrence (RR = 0.170). Conclusion: Expression of p62 protein is one of the important factors influencing relapse in OSCC patients and can be used as an early predictor of OSCC relapse.