中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏的HRCT诊断

目的 :探讨 HRCT在中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏诊断中的应用价值。方法 :采用高分辨率骨算法薄层连续扫描后行中耳重建放大 ,显示面神经骨管各段的解剖结构。回顾性分析 2 3例经手术证实的中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏的 HRCT表现。结果 :1.胆脂瘤型中耳炎继发的面神经骨管破坏最多 (91% ) ;2 .面神经骨管破坏以鼓室段和迷路段为主 (73% ) ;3.发生于上鼓室和鼓窦区的病变易继发面神经骨管破坏 ;4.面神经骨管破坏大部分合并面神经损伤而致面瘫。结论 :HRCT对中耳炎继发面神经骨管破坏的诊断 ,对临床制定正确的手术方案 ,避免面神经损伤 ,提高手术成功率具有重要价值。     

慢性中耳炎继发面神经管破坏HRCT评价

目的 探讨HRCT对慢性中耳炎继发面神经管破坏的诊断价值。资料与方法 搜集经手术证实为慢性中耳炎并伴有面神经管破坏患者18例，回顾性分析其HRCT检查的影像及临床资料，着重研究其HRCT表现，并与临床手术结果对比。结果 18例均有不同程度的面神经管骨质破坏，破坏部位以面神经管迷路段及鼓室段为主15例（83.3%)，破坏原因主要为胆脂瘤性中耳炎（14例），占77.8%。面神经管破坏大部分合并面神经损伤而导致面瘫（14例），HRCT主要表现为面神经管骨质模糊，缺损，破坏。结论 HRCT能准确诊断慢性中耳炎继发面神经管破坏，对临床手术有重要指导意义。     

MSCT的MPR矢状位重建对慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床应用价值

目的探讨MSCT的MPR矢状位重建对慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床手术应用价值。方法对61例76耳慢性化脓性中耳炎行MSCT检查,在轴位HRCT及矢状位MPR图像上观察中耳结构及病变显示情况并与手术结果进行对照。结果矢状面MPR图像可良好显示颞骨结构及其周围结构的毗邻关系,对面神经鼓室段及垂直段、乙状窦板及颈静脉球等结构显示尤佳。在MPR矢状位重建图像上38耳中耳炎可见中耳骨壁及听骨链的“人”字形结构有不同程度的破坏。16耳(肉芽肿型5耳,胆脂瘤型11耳)面神经管破坏鼓室段12耳,乳突段4耳,其中3耳胆脂瘤型的面神经管鼓室段和乳突段均有骨质破坏;骨性半规管受累伴骨质破坏12耳;解剖变异有乙状窦前置8耳,乙状窦的前壁至外耳道后壁的最短距离约0.4～0.8cm,平均0.6cm;2例高位颈静脉球;均得到手术证实。结论矢状位MPR图像对慢性中耳炎累及面神经骨管损伤程度、位置及与周围位置的毗邻关系的显示具有重要的临床应用价值。     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎的颞骨HRCT表现

目的:探讨胆脂瘤型中耳炎的颞骨HRCT表现特点,评价其临床意义.方法:回顾性分析77例经手术证实的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者的颞骨HRCT表现.结果:胆脂瘤型中耳炎颞骨HRCT表现为: 软组织团块77例(100%),盾板破坏71例(92.21%),听骨链破坏77例(100%),面神经骨管破坏31例(40.26%),迷路瘘管19例(24.68%),天盖及乙状窦周围骨质破坏44例(57.14%).颞骨HRCT显示面神经骨管和镫骨上结构的准确率较低,符合率分别为70.96%和82.98%.结论:颞骨HRCT对于胆脂瘤型中耳炎的诊断和指导手术治疗具有重要意义,但其局限性在于对显示面神经骨管和镫骨底板上结构的准确率较低.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎HRCT研究

目的研究慢性化脓性中耳炎HRCT表现及临床价值。方法回顾性分析手术证实慢性化脓性中耳炎118耳颞骨横断面、冠状面HRCT,并与手术结果对照。结果胆脂瘤型、骨疡型和单纯型中耳炎HRCT分型诊断的准确率分别为95.8%、94.1%、96.6%,特异性分别为98.4%、96.1%、95.8%,敏感性分别为92.9%、86.7%、97.9%。在鼓室和/乳突窦内有无软组织影,软组织影的形态,面神经管、骨迷路破坏方面,胆脂瘤型、骨疡型中耳炎与单纯型中耳炎之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),而胆脂瘤型中耳炎与骨疡型中耳炎之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏听小骨较骨疡型中耳炎常见(P<0.05),单纯型中耳炎均未破坏听小骨。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏鼓室盾板、鼓室盖的发生率高于骨疡型和单纯型中耳炎(P<0.05)。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏周围骨质边缘硬化高达92.9%,骨疡型中耳炎破坏周围骨质边缘毛糙高达80%。结论HRCT可准确显示中耳腔内软组织灶的分布、形态及听小骨、周围重要结构的破坏情况,在慢性化脓性中耳炎分型诊断及术前评估中有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT对慢性化脓性中耳炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT及其图像后处理技术对慢性化脓性中耳炎(CSOM)诊断分型及临床治疗的价值.方法 对75例90耳CSOM病人行HRCT薄层扫描,将横断面图像、MPR图像(冠状位和矢状位)相结合,进行CSOM诊断分型,然后与临床诊断及手术病理结果进行对照分析.结果 经MSCT诊断的CSOM为单纯型14耳,肉芽肿型40耳,胆脂瘤型36耳,临床及手术诊断结果的分型分别为12耳、44耳、34耳,MSCT与临床手术分型准确率分别为97.8%、95.6%、97.8%,3型的灵敏度分别为100%,90.9%,100%.单纯型CSOM无骨质破坏;胆脂瘤型CSOM听骨链及中耳骨壁破坏较肉芽肿型范围广且程度重.轴位HRCT、MPR(冠状位和矢状位)图像对CSOM诊断分型能力基本相同,但对中耳细微解剖结构及病变的优显率有一定差异.结论 MSCT多种图像相结合有助于对CSOM的诊断分型及解剖变异、耳源性颅内外并发症的检出,对临床治疗方案的制订和手术入路方式的选择有重要意义.     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎HRCT评价

目的　探讨HRCT在胆脂瘤型中耳炎诊断中的应用价值。方法　经手术病理证实胆脂瘤型中耳炎 2 6例 ,回顾性分析其HRCT表现 ,并与手术结果对照分析。结果　胆脂瘤型中耳炎HRCT主要表现 :上鼓室、鼓窦及乳突区软组织肿块 (10 0 % ,2 6 2 6) ,常伴有骨质破坏 ,其中包括听骨破坏 (92 % ,2 4 2 6)、盾板破坏 (4 6% ,12 2 6)、面神经管破坏 (5 4% ,14 2 6)、乙状窦壁破坏 (7.7% ,2 2 6)。中耳窦腔扩大 ,骨缘硬化。并有颅内并发症 ,其中包括颞叶脓肿 (1例 )、耳源性脑膜炎 (1例 )。结论　HRCT对胆脂瘤型中耳炎有肯定诊断价值 ,对临床有重要指导意义     

早期获得性中耳小胆脂瘤的HRCT表现

目的:探讨各向同性下获得性中耳小胆脂瘤的HRCT表现特点。方法:回顾性分析获得性中耳小胆脂瘤39耳,均采用各向同性扫描及多向调整MPR技术进行显示。结果:获得性中耳小胆脂瘤的HRCT表现可分为3型:鼓室回缩囊4耳,松弛部胆脂瘤27耳,紧张部胆脂瘤8耳。结论:①鼓室回缩囊表现为边缘不光滑的含气腔,是未形成实性胆脂瘤前的表现形式;②松弛部胆脂瘤位于上鼓室前外壁,造成听骨链向内移位,骨质破坏以锤骨和鼓室盾板为主;③紧张部胆脂瘤位于鼓室下后壁,造成听骨链向外侧移位,骨质破坏以砧骨长脚和鼓室窦为主。     

慢性中耳炎HRCT与X线平片对照分析

目的：探讨HRCT与X线平片对慢性中耳炎的诊断价值，评价HRCT在诊断中的作用。材料与方法：回顾性分析28例（30耳）慢性中耳炎患者HRCT及X线检查资料，其中18例与手术病理结果对照，10例定期随访。结果：HRCT显示中耳乳突骨质破坏14耳，听骨链破坏、移位16耳，软组织块影13耳，鼓室傲窦粘膜增厚8耳，伴面神经管破坏4耳，半规管瘘及鼓室盖破坏2耳。X线平片显示中耳乳突骨质破坏6耳，鼓室盖破坏1耳。结论：X线平片不能显示耳部细微骨质结构，HRCT在慢性中耳炎的诊断及分型中具有重要作用，对确定手术治疗方案具有一定价值。     

面神经管MSCT曲面重建在胆脂瘤型中耳乳突炎术前评价中的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)面神经管曲面重建(cPR)在胆脂瘤型中耳乳突炎手术前评价中的价值.方法:89例经手术和病理证实的胆脂瘤型中耳乳突炎患者术前行颞骨MSCT薄层高分辨率扫描,在三个互相垂直的平面上分别进行面神经管曲面重建,在重建图像上观察和测量面神经管解剖及邻近关系,并与横断面图像和手术所见对照.结果:81例成功行面神经管曲面重建,其中28例术中见面神经管骨质破坏,CPR像均准确显示骨质破坏的位置、形态和范围,清晰显示病变与面神经管的关系,并准确测量面神经管与其解剖标记结构间的最短距离.结论:MSCT面神经管CPR重建可为胆脂瘤型中耳乳突炎患者术前提供可靠的活体形态学观察,有效避免术中面神经损伤.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.