脑实质神经鞘瘤的MRI诊断(附5例报告)

目的 探讨脑实质神经鞘瘤的MRI表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的脑实质神经鞘瘤患者的MRI资料,并结合文献讨论.结果 5例肿瘤均位于幕上,额叶及顶叶各2例,颞叶1例;4例呈囊性伴壁结节,另1例以实质性为主;MRI增强扫描壁结节或实质部分明显强化;5例均伴有瘤周水肿.结论 脑实质神经鞘瘤好发于青少年,幕上脑表浅部位多见,伴囊变和瘤周水肿是其较特征性的MRI表现,最终诊断依赖于病理组织学检查.     

小脑单发转移瘤的MR诊断价值

目的探讨小脑单发转移瘤的MRI表现,提高对小脑单发脑转移瘤的MRI诊断和鉴别诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的20例小脑单发脑转移瘤的MRI平扫及增强表现,分析小脑单发转移瘤的部位、大小、形态、瘤周水肿程度及瘤体的强化特征。结果本组20例单发小脑转移瘤,发生于右侧小脑半球11例(55%),左侧小脑半球9例(45%)。肿瘤最大径线2cm 5例,2~3cm 8例,3cm 7例,瘤周水肿以轻中度水肿为主16例(80%)。实性病灶13例(65%),囊性病灶4例(20%),囊实性病灶3例(15%),实性病灶中有5例可见边界征,增强扫描实性病灶强化呈结节状、花环状,囊性病灶囊壁呈均匀或不均匀强化、部份可见壁结节,3例直肠癌转移灶T2WI均呈低信号。结论小脑单发转移瘤的MRI表现多样但具有一定的特征性,结合临床病史,注意观察肿瘤的部位、形态、信号、周围水肿及增强等对其诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

幕上脑实质囊性室管膜瘤20例MRI分析

目的 分析幕上脑实质囊性室管膜瘤的MRI表现,旨在提高对脑实质囊性室管膜瘤诊断的准确率,加深对本病的再认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的20例幕上脑实质内囊性室管膜瘤的MRI表现,重点观察肿瘤的大小、部位、结构、与脑室的关系、水肿情况及增强扫描特征.结果 本组幕上脑实质囊性室管膜瘤好发于颞顶枕交界部位(18例,占90%).肿瘤平扫多呈大囊样改变(16例,占80%),肿瘤周围多数无水肿(18例,占90%).增强扫描表现囊壁呈环形均匀强化(19例,占95%).结论 20例脑实质囊性室管膜瘤的MRI表现有一定的特征性,MRI表现有助于室管膜瘤的鉴别诊断.     

11例囊性脑转移瘤的低场MRI分析

目的:探讨囊性脑转移瘤的低场MRI表现特点。方法:回顾性分析11例(共20个病灶)经临床或病理证实的囊性脑转移瘤的低场MRI表现。结果:11例中,单发4例,多发7例。共检出20个囊性转移病灶,位于幕上皮髓质交界区15个,幕下小脑病灶5个。病灶呈圆形或类圆形。病灶周围伴轻度水肿9个(45%);中度水肿4个(20%);重度水肿2个(10%);无水肿5个(25%)。根据囊壁形态,分为:规整型、结节型、不规整型。囊壁MRI T1WI和T2WI呈等或稍低信号,囊内容物呈稍高于脑脊液长T1长T2信号,增强扫描病灶呈环状强化,部分病灶可见强化壁结节。结论:囊性脑转移瘤低场MRI表现具有一定特征性。低场MRI在囊性脑转移瘤诊断方面作用等同于高场MRI,具有重要临床价值。     

肺癌单发脑转移瘤的磁共振表现

目的:探讨肺癌单发脑转移瘤(SBM)的MRI表现,提高对单发脑转移瘤的诊断准确性.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理和临床证实的39例肺癌单发脑转移瘤的MRI表现,分析单发瘤体发生的部位、大小、形态、瘤体出血、瘤周水肿程度和瘤体的强化特点.结果:39个SBM,发生于幕上32例,其中31例瘤体位于皮质和皮质下区,7例位于幕下.增强扫描示病灶呈结节状强化18例,环状强化5例,囊实性强化16例.肺腺癌转移瘤内出血4例(4/5),肺鳞癌脑转移瘤出现囊变或囊实性强化11例(11/21).中重度水肿大多出现在≥2cm的实性或囊实性强化的瘤体(22/39)中.结论:肺癌单发脑转移瘤的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,MRI增强扫描对诊断单发脑转移瘤有重要价值.     

颅内成血管细胞瘤的MRI特征

目的:探讨MRI在颅内成血管细胞瘤诊断中的价值。方法:对21例经手术及病理证实的颅内成血管细胞瘤患者的临床及MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果:21例中术前正确诊断18例(85.7%),误诊3例(14.3%)。9例病灶位于小脑半球,7例位于小脑下蚓部,3例位于桥脑或脑干,2例位于大脑半球。14例为大囊小结节型或囊腔结节型(66.7%),主要MRI表现为囊性病灶和附壁结节,增强后瘤结节明显强化;2例单纯囊型(9.5%),MRI表现为囊性病灶,囊内无附壁结节,无明显强化;5例为实质型(23.8%),表现为实质性肿块,其内或周围可见流空血管,增强后肿瘤明显强化。结论:成血管细胞瘤MRI表现具有相对特征性,MRI对于颅内成血管细胞瘤的正确诊断具有重要价值。     

血管母细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的:探讨血管母细胞瘤的CT和MRI影像学特征。方法:回顾性分析37例血管母细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现,25例行CT平扫和增强扫描,其中2例行CTA三维重建。14例行MRI检查,其中2例作MRI平扫,12例作MRI平扫加增强,其中1例3D TOF MRA检查。结果:37例共43个病灶。35例单发病灶中,发生于小脑半球者23例,小脑蚓部9例,第四脑室1例,延髓背侧1例,左桥小脑角区1例。其中囊结节型29例,实质型3例,囊实型2例,单纯囊性1例。2例为多发病灶,均位于后颅窝,其中1例有6处病灶,实质型和囊结节型混合存在。CT平扫囊结节型肿瘤壁结节显示率仅为54.6%。增强扫描壁结节及实质型、囊实型肿瘤均明显均匀或不均匀强化;23.1%显示肿瘤周围有增粗迂曲的血管。CTA示肿瘤为富血管的团块。MRI平扫肿瘤壁结节显示率100%。肿瘤周围流空血管显示率达57.9%。与CT比较此两项指标差异有统计学意义。增强扫描示壁结节及实质型、囊实型肿瘤明显均匀或不均匀强化。MRA显示肿瘤区域丰富的紊乱血管。结论:CT、MRI可作为血管母细胞瘤的首选检查方法。     

120例脑转移瘤的CT诊断

目的：研究脑转移瘤的ＣＴ诊断特征及规律。方法：本组１２０例，男８０例，女４０例。８１例行ＣＴ平扫及增强扫描，３９例直接增强扫描。结果：幕上脑转移瘤８８例，小脑３１例，脑干１例。形态表现多样。多发脑转移瘤６９例，单发５１例，瘤周水肿大多明显，Ⅱ～Ⅲ度水肿占５２．７％；脑转移瘤多明显强化，囊变坏死区不强化。结论：１．脑转移瘤幕上多见，大多位于灰白质交界区；２．多发脑转移瘤具有“多形性”ＣＴ表现特征。３．多为结节状稍高密度影，伴有坏死囊变区，瘤实质部分多明显强化。４．瘤周水肿显著，且具有肿瘤与水肿程度不成比例的特性。     

CT及MRI在幕上脑实质室管膜瘤中的诊断价值

目的探讨CT及MRI在幕上脑实质室管膜瘤中的表现,旨在提高对幕上脑实质室管膜瘤诊断的准确率。方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月~2014年1月经手术病理证实的16例幕上脑实质内室管膜瘤资料,12例行CT和MR检查,3例单行CT检查,1例单行MR检查。结果仅2例为完全实性肿瘤,其余14例肿瘤表现为囊实性。其中6例囊变区以大囊表现为主,1例表现为单发大囊,余5例大囊周边伴发小囊,由位于深部白质区的大囊与位于靠近皮层区的小部分实质构成,以宽基底贴近大脑表面;余8例囊实性肿瘤以小囊表现为主,2例为单发偏心小囊变,余6例见多个囊变区。囊液的CT密度及MRI T2WI信号强度均高于同层面脑脊液。肿瘤实质部分CT呈等、稍高密度,12例肿瘤实质内均见钙化灶,增强扫描肿瘤实质不均匀强化,囊壁及壁结节明显强化。结论幕上脑实质室管膜瘤CT和MR表现有一定特征,认识这些特征有助于术前定性诊断。     

儿童颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤MRI表现

目的:探讨儿童颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析54例经病理证实儿童毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI资料,了解肿瘤分布及MRI特点。结果:肿瘤发生在小脑28例(51.85%),鞍区12例(22.22%),脑干7例(12.96%)、大脑半球6例(11.11%)及松果体区1例(1.85%)。54例中实质型22例,囊实型16例,囊性壁结节型11例,特殊类型5例,包括单纯囊肿样表现4例及以钙化为主1例。肿瘤的实质部分于T1WI呈稍低或等信号,T2Wl呈稍高或等信号,DWI上呈等或低信号;囊性部分于T1WI上呈低信号,T2WI上呈显著高信号;增强后肿瘤实质部分明显强化42例,轻度强化10例,不强化2例。仅2例伴中度瘤周水肿,其余52例无或轻度瘤周水肿。结论:儿童颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI表现有一定特征性,部分肿瘤表现多样性需与其它肿瘤鉴别。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.