心脏转移性肿瘤患者超声心动图

目的探究心脏转移性肿瘤患者的超声心动图特征。方法 200例心脏转移性肿瘤患者回顾性分析其病理学特征、超声心动图等临床资料,分析其组织学、肿瘤部位分布特点,超声心电图检查与病理学的关系。结果肺癌是转移到心脏的最常见肿瘤,与其他肿瘤比较比例最高(P0.05),其次是乳腺癌、恶性黑色素瘤及淋巴瘤,该4种肿瘤所占比例为77.0%。白血病、间皮瘤、皮肤肿瘤及胸腺肿瘤等肿瘤占比较低。98例(49.0%)超声电动图上出现心包异常,与其他部位比较比例最高(P0.05),45例(22.5%)心肌异常,37例(18.5%)右心房和右心室受到累及,显著高于累及左心室和左心房的患者(P0.05);74例病理诊断为肺癌的心脏转移性肿瘤患者中30例心包异常,22例心肌异常,14例右心房和右心室异常,8例左心室和左心房异常。病理学诊断为乳腺癌、白血病、间皮瘤及胸腺肿瘤的患者出现心包异常的比例均显著高于诊断为肺癌的患者(P0.05)。病理学诊断为乳腺癌、恶性黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病和间皮瘤的患者出现心肌异常比例均显著低于诊断为肺癌的患者(P0.05)。累及右心房和右心室的病理学诊断为肺癌、乳腺癌、恶性黑色素瘤与淋巴瘤的心脏转移性肿瘤患者所占比例最高,与其他患者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声心动图是一种诊断心脏转移性肿瘤准确度较高的检查手段,有利于提高肿瘤病理类型判断。     

心脏原发非黏液性肿瘤的超声诊断及分析(附11例报告)

对11例心脏原发性非黏液性肿瘤患者的临床资料及超声表现进行分析，并与手术和病理结果进行对比，肿瘤为良性6例，恶性5例；累及右心系统6例，左心系统5例，心包2例，各种心脏原发性肿瘤均具有特征性的声像图特点。超声心动图对心脏原发性非黏液性肿瘤有较高的诊断准确性。     

42例HIV感染/艾滋病患者的心脏表现

目的　总结 42例人免疫缺陷病毒 ( HIV)感染 /艾滋病患者的心脏表现。方法　对 42例 HIV感染 /艾滋病患者进行回顾性分析。结果　 42例 HIV感染 /艾滋病心脏表现有 :心律失常 5 0 .0 % ( 2 1/ 4 2 ) ,感染性心内膜炎 4.8% ( 2 / 4 2 ) ,心包积液 2 .4% ( 1/ 4 2 ) ,扩张型心肌病合并心功能不全 14 .3% ( 6 / 4 2 )。结论　心脏亦为 HIV感染 /艾滋病的受累器官之一。艾滋病患者可因自身突出的全身症状掩盖而使心脏病变隐匿 ,心电图、胸片、超声心动图有助早期诊断并指导治疗     

右心腔不同部位起搏的慢性血流动力学对比研究

比较右心耳 (RAA)、右室流出道 (RVOT)与右室心尖部 (RVA)起搏的慢性血流动力学效果 ,评价RVOT起搏的可行性。2 9例患者 ,9例RAA起搏、8例RVOT起搏、12例RVA起搏 ,分别在术前及术后 6 .11± 4 .0 1、5 .38± 2 .92、5 .5 0± 2 .88个月 ,用多普勒超声心动图观察右心腔不同部位起搏的慢性血流动力学参数 ,包括左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室内径缩短分数 (SF)、肺动脉瓣口峰值血流速度 (PV)、二尖瓣口E峰血流速度 (E)、A峰血流速度 (A)及比值 (E/A)。结果 :RAA起搏时 ,LVEF、SF分别下降为 4 .5 6 %± 3.71% ,3.33%± 2 .83% ,P <0 .0 5。RVOT起搏时 ,LVEF、SF、E/A分别下降为 6 .38%± 4 .6 9% ,4 .13%± 2 .75 % ,1.2 9± 0 .5 1,P <0 .0 1。RVA起搏时 ,LVEF、SF、PV、E、E/A分别下降为 1.4 2 %± 5 .32 % ,7.92 %± 3.96 % ,8.5 8± 11.33cm/s,8.17± 9.6 3cm/s,0 .2 7± 0 .2 9,P <0 .0 1或0 .0 5。A则上升为 7.91± 11.2 6cm/s(P <0 .0 5 )。RVOT起搏与RVA起搏相比LVEF、SF明显改善 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,且临床症状明显减轻 ;与右房起搏相比 ,E/A下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其他指标在随访期内未显示出统计学意义上的差别。结论 :对于心功能较好的患者 ,右心腔不同部位起搏对慢性血流动力学均有一定程度的负面影响 ;R     

不同部位起搏对心脏收缩功能的影响

通过不同部位起搏 ,观察房室同步和心室激动顺序对人体心脏收缩功能的影响及起搏体表心电图QRS波时限与心输出量 (CO)的关系。 1 5例射频消融术后的病人分别按顺序进行右房、右室心尖部和室间隔起搏 ,采用心导管法分别测定右房压 (RAP)、肺动脉压 (PAP)、肺毛细血管楔压 (PCWP)和CO ,并计算心脏指数 ,记录心电图。结果 :右室心尖部起搏和室间隔起搏较右房起搏时RAP、PAP升高。心尖部起搏时CO较右房起搏降低 1 9.1 5 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,室间隔起搏时CO较右房起搏降低 7.86% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而较心尖部起搏提高 1 2 .2 4 % (P <0 .0 5 )。心尖部起搏和室间隔起搏较右房起搏体表心电图QRS波时限明显延长 ,而室间隔起搏体表心电图QRS波时限比心尖部起搏平均缩短 1 8.6ms(P <0 .0 0 1 )。CO和△QRS波时限的相关性分析表明两者呈负相关关系 (r=- 0 .30 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :起搏体表心电图△QRS波时限与CO呈负相关 ,不同部位起搏对心脏收缩功能的影响不同 ,其中室间隔起搏较心尖部起搏更符合生理性起搏     

口服卡托普利对肺心病患者心室功能的影响

目的　动态观察卡托普利 (CPT)对肺心病患者心脏功能及传导的影响。方法　对 2 5例正常人及 2 3例慢性肺心病患者进行门电路核素心室显像 ,并对 2 3例肺心病患者动态观察口服CPT前后心脏功能和传导的变化。结果　肺心病患者口服CPT前右室射血分数 (RVEF)和右室最大射血率 (RVMER)均低于正常人 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。口服CPT 1h后RVEF从 (3 1.92± 7.5 4 ) %上升至 (3 7.4 4±8 62 ) % ,P <0 .0 5。RVMER从 (1.62± 0 .63 )EDV/S上升至 (2 .2 1± 1.18)EDV/S ,P <0 .0 5。右室最大充盈率和左室射血分数无明显变化。心率 (HR)从 (10 2 .3 9± 2 1.85 )次 /分下降至 (96.92± 2 1.81)次 /分 ,P <0 .0 5。HR与RVEF、RVMER在口服CPT前后均无明显相关。肺心病患者口服CPT前心室相角程较正常人明显增宽 ,相位色阶升高 ,相位电影示右室传导减慢或阻滞 (9/ 2 3 )及双室传导减慢(6/ 2 3 ) ,口服CPT后相位分析未见有意义的变化。结论　CPT可降低肺心病患者右室后负荷 ,增加右室射血 ,改善右室功能 ,以改善右室收缩功能更为明显 ,对治疗肺动脉高压和慢性肺心病是一种有效的药物。     

高频率超声对心包显像的研究

目的　为了更好地显示心包的病变 ,作者首次设计用高频率超声探查心尖部心包的厚度。方法　正常对照组 16例 ,非心包心脏病组 38例 ,缩窄性心包炎组 7例 (均经外科心包剥离术证实 )。用高频率超声探查心尖部和靠近心尖部的右心室前壁心包厚度。使用的仪器是Vivid 5和Sequoia 2 5 6 ,线阵探头频率 7～ 10MHz。结果　高频率超声显示正常对照组和非心包心脏病组心尖部心包的厚度分别为 (0 6 6± 0 14 )mm (0 5 0～ 0 90mm)和 (0 6 8± 0 19)mm(0 4 0～ 1 0 0mm ) ,缩窄性心包炎组为 (3 94± 1 2 7)mm(2 5 0～ 5 5 0mm) ,缩窄性心包炎组心包的厚度与正常对照组和非心包心脏病组的差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　高频率超声能精确地显示心尖部和右心室前壁区心包的厚度 ,能将心包组织与心包脂肪垫和 /或少量的心包积液明确地区分开来。此技术利用高频率超声的良好空间和时间分辨率弥补了超声心动图探查心包厚度的技术缺陷 ,心尖部和右心室前壁区心包的厚度超过 2 5mm可能是缩窄性心包炎最重要的诊断指标。     

右房肿块的临床和超声心动图表现

心腔内肿块包括心脏原发或转移性肿瘤、血栓、赘生物以及瓣膜或其环的钙化。这些心腔内肿块大多存在于左室及左房,较少于右房及右室。早期测得此种异常具有重要的治疗与预后意义。两维超声心动图(2DE)由于能从几个方向观察右房及相连的心脏结     

冠状动脉穿孔导致心脏积血四例

回顾 1999年 3月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月在我院进行的 6 82例经皮冠状动脉介入性治疗 (PCI)手术 ,共出现 4例心包积液病例。 4例均为男性 ,年龄 5 6～ 81(6 8± 10 )岁 ,2例发生了心脏压塞。心脏压塞的原因均为冠状动脉穿孔。心包积液主要根据临床表现和超声心动图检查结果诊断。判断主要根据超声心动图 ,积液量分为少量 (≤ 0 5cm) ,中等量 (0 5～ 1 0cm) ,大量 (≥ 1 0cm )。根据影象学结果冠状动脉穿孔主要分为自由穿孔 (freeperforation ,造影剂直接渗入到心包 ) ,包裹性穿孔 (containedperforation ,造影剂充盈的冠状动脉腔外局限型包绕…     

卵巢转移性肿瘤44例临床分析

卵巢转移性肿瘤是指从其他器官转移到卵巢的肿瘤。1985年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 2月 ,我们共收治卵巢恶性肿瘤患者5 4 9例 ,其中卵巢转移性肿瘤 4 4例。现分析如下。临床资料 :本文卵巢转移性肿瘤占同期卵巢恶性肿瘤的8.0 1%。患者年龄 33～ 6 6岁 ,平均 4 3.2岁 ,其中 36～ 4 5岁 31例 ,占 70 .4 5 %。患者生育情况分别为 :原发不育 1例(2 .2 7% ) ,生育 1次者 2例 (4.5 5 % )、2次者 2 8例 (6 3.6 4 % )、3次及以上者 13例 (2 9.5 4 % )。4 4例卵巢转移性肿瘤中 ,发生于双侧者 34例 ;肿瘤直径5～ 2 5 cm,平均 10 .5 cm。转移瘤均为实性 ,有包膜…     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.