五十年来长沙地区心脏病病种的变迁

本文报道50年来长沙地区心脏病病种构成比的变迁。最显著的变化是梅心病倾向于消灭,风心病逐渐减少,冠心病逐年增加。此外,还有病毒性心肌炎,肺心病增多。长沙地区心脏病病种构成比的变化规律,与国内其他城市情况近似。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF BURN SURGERY IN CHINA—A RETROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW

Comparedwithothersurgicaldisciplines，burnsurgeryisayoungone，as４decadesago，thetreatmentofthermalinjuriesbelongedtotherealmofgeneralsurgery．Nevertheless，withtheadvancementofmedicalsciencesinourcountry，wehavereachedglobalstandardsbothinclinicandpertinentresearchinburninjuries．In１９５８，asteelworkerbythenameofQiuCaikangwithanextensiveburncovering８９％oftotalbodysurfacearea（TBSA），includingafull－thicknessburnof２８％，wasadmittedtoRuiJinHospitalinShanghai．Withthejointeffortsofdif…     

FOUNDING OF BURN SURGERY IN CHINA

ＩｎＣｈｉｎａ,ｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅａｎｄｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｃｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｂｕｒｎｉｎｊｕｒｙｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｌａｔｅｄａｎｄｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｅｄｓｉｎｃｅ１９５８,ａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｓａｌｖａｇｅｏｆａｓｅｖｅｒｅｌｙｂｕｒｎｅｄｓｔｅｅｌｗｏｒｋｅｒｉｎＳｈａｎｇｈａｉ－Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ４０ｙｅａｒｓ,ｂｕｒｎｃａｒｅｓａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｈａｖｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｅｄｓｗｉｆｔｌｙａｎｄｍａｄｅｇｒｅａｔａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ－ＦＯＵＮＤ…     

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROSURGERY IN CHINA

With the rapid development of health services in our country, modern neurosurgery as a surgical specialty has achieved great advancement sincc liberation. It has been marked by the recent estab- lishment of the Neurosurgical Society of the Chinese Medical Association with a network of its branch societies in the major cities of this country. The present delightful progress made in this field came into being as a result of several decades of arduous efforts made by many Chinese neurosur geons and other relevant experts in neurosciences. Tribute should be paid to the forerunners, who con- tributed tremendously to the development of neuro- surgery in our country with creative ideas, devotion and overcoming untiringly the difficulties.     

我国连锁药店的发展现状及改进措施

2008药品零售市场进一步集中,由于大型连锁药店通过兼并重组、异地开店,从区域性连锁不断走向全国性连锁,并不断吞食和挤压当地的个体药店,我国医药连锁零售市场的集中度不断提高。但目前盲目连锁圈地、地方保护严重、内部管理不规范等因素日益成为制约药品连锁经营健康发展的不良因素。本文就我国连锁药店发展现状及今后改进措施作简要论述。     

SURGERY IN ANCIENT CHINA

This report was written by three Chinese surgeons and one medical historian on the basis of extensive study of Chinese ancient medical literature.A summary of historical developments of surgery inancient China, from Zhou Dynasty to Qing Dynastyis documented. In several subjects including anes-thesia, treatment of soft tissue infections and neo-plasms, reduction of fractures and dislocations, andphysical exercises for rehabilitation, the history ofChinese surgery was many years earlier than thoserecorded in the western medicine.     

ADVANCES IN VASCULAR SURGERY IN CHINA

This article presents some main advances in the management of arterial and venous diseases during the recent 35 years. In the treatment of arterial diseases, the manufacture and application of pure silk and dacron prosthesis in the late fifties has enlarged the scope of surgery for aneurysms. Even resections of huge complicated thoracoabdominal aneurysms have been performed with good results since the eighties. Embolectomy by means of a Fogarty catheter has been used with success since 1970. As to chronic arteriosus obliterans, including thromboangitis obliterans and arteriosclerosis, omental graft (1982) and staged arterio-venous reversal (1986) may produce good results. In the treatment of aortitis, nephrectomy is good for cases involving unilateral renal artery. Bypass, endarterectomy, patch graft or angioplasty for those cases with stenosis at the beginning of the main branches are very beneficial. In the management of portal hypertension, splenorenal shunt has been widely adopted since 1952. In 1964 pericardiac devasculization was first used, and in recent years there was an increasing trend in its practice. As to venous diseases in the lower extremity, a classification based on whether the lesion involves venous reflux or venous return disturbance has been suggested in recent years. Venous reflux diseases with valvular insuffciency of the saphenous vein has an incidence of 14%, valvular insufficiency of the deep femoral vein is even more common with an incidence as high as 55%. The operations for each category are mentioned. Diseases of venous return disturbance are mainly the sequel of thrombosis of the deep vein. The are two types i. e. whole extremity and segmental.     

OPEN HEART SURGERY IN CHINA

Opcn heart surgery in China has a history of about 30 years (Table l).i In January 1957, Liang Qi-sen of Shanghai did the first open val vulotomy for pulmonary stenosis under hypo- thermia. In April 1958, Shi Mei-xin of Shanghai did the first open repair of atrial septail defect under hypothermia. The first open heart opera- tion for VSD under extracorporeal circulation was done by Su Hong-xi of Xian in June 1958, Open repair of tetralogy of Fallot and other con genital cardiac defects soon followed in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other cities. In the period between 1959-1965, cardiac surgery developed rapidly in a number of medical centers in China. Various type of heart-lung pumps and oxygenators were made in the Chinese factories. Special sur- gical instruments for cardiovascular operations and synthetic material for patching and replace ment in cardiac and vascular procedures were manufactured in the Chinese plants. Experi- mental laboratories were set up for the surgeons before their clinical performances. Anesthesiolo gists and perfusionists were trained. Posto'pera tive intensive care units were organized in the early sixties. Regional and national conferences on cardiac surgery were held annually or bian nually.     

CAUSES OF 425 DEATlIS DURING THE LAST FIVE ,YEARS ON TIIE SURGICAL SERVICE OF THX , FIRST HOSPITAL OF THE RED CROSS SOCIETY OF CHINA, SHANGHAI

First Hos声ital o! the Red Crnss Society of China, Shanghai A prominent feature of the monthly staff meeting at the First Hospital of the Red Cross Society of China is a survey of the months work. Each department reports the number of p.atients heated and the clinical results. Particular attention is given to unsatisfactory results, and aIl deaths are subjected to critical scrutiny.     

裂隙扫描角膜地形图系统在眼屈光手术中的应用

屈光手术的目的不仅仅在于提高视力,屈光手术医生和病人更关注的是视觉质量,各种屈光手术前全面了解眼前节各方面信息,是手术成功的必要保障。新型裂隙扫描角膜地形图系统（O rbscan）可达到以上目的,本文就其在眼科屈光手术中的临床作用做一简要综述。     

妇科腹腔镜手术的临床应用

作者对本院1980.3～1991.12间的516例妇科腹腔镜手术进行了临床分析。重点讨论了输卵管妊娠保守性手术、抽吸腹腔液体、盆腔粘连分离、多囊卵巢激光打孔等手术的操作体会以及卵巢活检后发生内出血及肠穿孔并发症的预防。认为具备整套有效的腹腔镜手术器械与设备是开展腹腔手术的必要条件。只要循序渐进、技术熟练、操作仔细,绝大部分腹腔镜手术并发症是可以避免的。腹腔镜下行卵巢单极高频电流电凝止血需慎重。阐述了腹腔镜手术较常规妇科剖腹手术损伤小,木后痛苦少、恢复快、腹壁无明显疤痕、在手术中还尽可能保留器官的生理功能等优点。所以,妇科腹腔镜手术值得推广。