环扁桃酸酯中酮酯的检查(分光光度法)

环扁桃酸酯(Cyclandelate)的化学名为3,3,5-三甲基环己醇扁桃酸酯。它是一种选择性的脑血管扩张剂。临床主要用于动脉硬化症、脑卒中及其后遗症、脑外伤后遗症等。环扁桃酸酯在生产过程中易被空气氧化成3,3,5-三甲基环己醇苯基乙醛酸酯(简称酮酯Ketoester),因此需要对产品进行酮酯的检查。我们采用环扁桃酸酯吸收度比的方法检查酮酯的量。试验如下。一、酮酯和环扁桃酸酯的薄层分离     

3.3.5-三甲基环己醇酯类的合成

为了寻找扩张脑血管的新药,本文用D(-)-(?)-氨基丁醇将(±)-(?)羟基苯乙酸(扁桃酸)拆分成左、右旋对映体,再分别与顺式3.3.5-三甲基环已醇酯化,制得二个有旋光性的环扁批酸酯(Ⅵ,Ⅶ);此外,还合成了与它们相应的菸酸酯盐酸盐(Ⅷ,Ⅸ)及安妥明酸酯(Ⅹ,Ⅺ)。 (±)环扁桃酸酯的安妥明酸酯(Ⅲ)、丙酸酯(Ⅳ)及2-甲基丙酸酯(Ⅴ)、3.3.5-三甲基环已醇的顺反异构体的3.4-二甲氧基苯甲酸酯(ⅩⅢ、ⅪⅤ)和3.4.5-三甲氧基苯甲酸酯(ⅩⅤ.ⅩⅥ)也分别被合成。     

毛细管胶束电动色谱分离测定扁桃酸和苯乙酮酸

扁桃酸是一类重要的药物中间体，可用于合成血管扩张药环扁桃酯、眼科药物羟苄唑、中枢神经兴奋药匹莫林及苯并二呋喃酮染料。采用生物催化技术进行R型扁桃酸合成，用面包酵母发酵可以将苯乙酮酸定向地转化为单一构型D-扁桃酸（图1）。     

免疫组织化学ABC法观察扁桃酸对小鼠急性弓形虫病肝脏病变的作用

目的 用免疫组织化学ABC法观察扁桃酸治疗小鼠急性弓形虫病肝脏的病变,探讨扁桃酸对病变肝脏的保护作用.方法 扁桃酸200 mg/kg,2次/d,口服和静脉注射治疗弓形虫感染小鼠,同时设立乙胺嘧啶及扁桃酸药物对照组,治疗不同时间后取肝脏组织,常规制作病理切片,免疫组织化学ABC法常规染色.结果 阳性对照组可见大量肝细胞坏死区,其内可见形态典型的弓形虫速殖子,扁桃酸治疗组仅见少量散在的黄染肝细胞,乙胺嘧啶对照组小鼠肝组织内也仅见少量散在的黄染肝细胞,但肝细胞受到明显的毒性损害.因而扁桃酸能有效地抑制弓形虫速殖子入侵肝细胞.减轻弓形虫速殖子对肝细胞的破坏程度,且扁桃酸对肝细胞的毒副作用极少.结论 扁桃酸对弓形虫感染小鼠的肝脏有明显的保护作用.     

扁桃酸治疗小鼠急性弓形虫病后肝细胞超微结构的变化

目的：观察扁桃酸对急性弓形虫病小鼠肝细胞超微结构的影响。方法：扁桃酸200mg/kg，2次/d，经口灌服或尾静脉注射治疗感染小鼠，于感染后24h、72h和死亡后分别解剖小鼠，取肝脏制作电镜标本，设立扁桃桃酸阴性对照和乙胺嘧啶药物对照组。结果：弓形虫阳性对照组小鼠肝细胞肿胀，线粒体和内质网肿胀破裂，核膜迂曲，核固缩裂解，且破坏程度随感染时间延长而明显加重。扁核酸两治疗组肝细胞破坏程度均明显轻于相应时期的阳性对照组。扁桃酸对肝细胞内弓形虫速殖子也有明显的杀伤作用。乙胺嘧啶虽能有效杀灭虫体，但同时破坏不量肝细胞。结论：扁桃酸能减轻弓形虫对肝细胞的破坏，且副作用少，优于乙胺嘧啶。扁桃酸是高效低毒的抗弓形虫药物。     

扁桃酸乙酯合成中副产物结构探讨

扁桃酸乙酯是合成脑功能轻度调节剂匹莫林(pemoline)的中间体,它是由扁桃酸和乙醇以硫酸、氯化氢为催化剂或甲苯带水酯化而得,我们采用以上常规酯化法进行了系统实验,收率均未超过80%,其中以硫酸为催化剂或甲苯带水酯化的产物中尚有两个副产物,一为固体化合物;另一为液体,它的沸点和扁桃酸乙酯相近,用常规减压分馏法很难将它从产物中除去,影响了扁桃酸乙酯的产量和质量。为此我们摸索了酯化条件与这两个副产     

白芷水煎剂对大鼠离体肺动脉环的作用及其机制

目的 用组织浴槽血管环技术研究白芷水煎剂对大鼠离体肺动脉的作用及其机制.方法 游离健康SD大鼠的肺内肺动脉,直径约为0.5～1.0mm,剪成长约3mm的血管环,观察不同剂量的白芷水煎剂对大鼠离体肺动脉的作用,并探讨去除血管内皮、钾离子通道阻断剂、L-型钙离子通道阻断剂以及无钙Krebs液对白芷水煎剂对大鼠离体肺动脉作用的影响.结果 ①白芷水煎剂以浓度(0～1.0g/mL)依赖的方式收缩大鼠离体肺动脉环,但去除肺动脉环的内皮,白芷水煎剂收缩大鼠离体肺动脉环曲线明显右移;②10-4mol/L 4-氨基吡啶(4-amonopyridione,4-AP)可明显降低白芷水煎剂收缩离体肺动脉环的作用;③10-2mol/L四乙胺(tetraethylammonium,TEA)和10-6mol/L格列本脲 (glyburide,GLYB) 对白芷水煎剂收缩大鼠离体肺动脉环的作用无明显影响;④10-6mol/L维拉帕米(verapamil)和无钙Kreb's液显著降低白芷水煎剂引起的离体肺动脉环的收缩.结论 白芷水煎剂可浓度依赖性收缩大鼠离体肺动脉环,其机制与血管内皮、Kv 通道、细胞外液钙离子和L -型钙离子通道有关.     

棓丙酯对大鼠 小鼠肠平滑肌运动的影响

目的：观察不同浓度棓丙酯对大鼠离体小肠收缩活动及小鼠在体小肠推进运动的影响。方法：采用大鼠离体肠管和小鼠小肠推进运动实验,考察棓丙酯对肠平滑肌运动的影响。结果：棓丙酯在10~80μmol/L浓度范围内剂量依赖性抑制大鼠离体小肠平滑肌收缩（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,拮抗乙酰胆碱及组胺引起的促进收缩作用（P〈0.01）,且相加阿托品、槲皮素引起的抑制收缩作用（P〈0.01）。棓丙酯高剂量组（200mg/kg）、中剂量组（100mg/kg）对小鼠在体小肠推进运动有明显的抑制作用（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：棓丙酯对大鼠、小鼠肠平滑肌运动具有明显抑制作用。     

藏药三味檀香散水提液对离体大鼠肺动脉血管环的作用

目的探讨三味檀香散水提液（ESWTX）对离体大鼠肺动脉血管环的舒张作用。方法采用大鼠离体肺动脉血管环张力记录法,观察ESWTX对去甲肾上腺素（NE）、氯化钾（KCL）引起的肺动脉血管环收缩作用的影响。结果ESWTX能使NE和KCL引起的收缩血管平滑肌的最大收缩反应量效曲线分别下降（P〈0．05）,ESWTX对NE和KCL引起的收缩达峰值的离体肺动脉环有舒张作用（P〈0．05）。结论EswTx的作用类似于维拉帕米,具有舒张肺动脉血管平滑肌的作用,其机制可能与拮抗钙离子有关。     

固环止血胶囊对大鼠离体子宫收缩的影响

目的：探讨固环止血胶囊的止血、止痛效应与子宫收缩的相互关系。方法：应用BL-420生物信号系统记录离体大鼠子宫平滑肌的收缩情况,观察不同剂量固环止血胶囊对大鼠离体子宫的收缩的幅度及频率的影响。结果：固环止血胶囊对大鼠离体子宫收缩幅度无明显影响;大中剂量固环止血胶囊可减慢其收缩频率（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,降低离体子宫的活动力（P〈0.05）。结论：固环止血胶囊的止血、止痛效应与其减慢收缩频率有关,与子宫收缩幅度无关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.