肝病患者血小板参数及凝血功能试验检测的临床研究

目的:探讨肝病患者血小板参数和凝血功能试验的变化在各型肝炎患者病情变化中的临床意义。方法:52例健康体检者为对照组,260例肝病患者为观察组,采用血液分析仪测定血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)水平;采用血凝仪测定凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶原时间国际标准比值(PT-INR)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FBG)浓度。结果:PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW、P-LCR、TT、PT、PT-INR、APTT、FBG等指标中,其中急性肝炎所有检测指标含量基本在正常范围内,慢性肝炎、肝硬化、重症肝炎、肝癌组MPV、P-LCR、TT、PT、PT-INR、APTT含量均高于对照组;PLT、PCT、FBG含量低于对照组;PDW均值增大,分布曲线呈"平台"或"小抛物线"型改变。结论:血小板参数、凝血功能试验检测对于肝硬化、重症肝炎、肝癌患者肝脏损害程度、病情进展、预后判断密切相关,可作为肝病患者病情进展及严重程度的重要参考指标,在指导临床治疗方面有一定应用价值。     

血液病血小板MPV、PCT、PDW的检测意义

在血常规检测中，有关血小板的项目有血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)；对这些检测指标的变化，特别是MPV、PCT、PDW值的变化，临床医师往往忽视它们的意义。本文总结79例(次)血液病人上述指标的检测结果，对其临床意义进行讨论。     

缺血性脑梗死与血小板参数相关性的研究

目的 通过对沈阳市第一人民医院缺血性脑梗死患者外周血的血小板计数（PLT）、血小板平均体积（MPV）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）、血小板比积（PCT）的检验结果进行分析,研究缺血性脑梗死与血小板相关参数与的相关性.方法 检测血小板四项参数即PLT、MPV、PDW和PCT,采用t检验比较脑梗组与正常对照组之间的差异显著性.结果 脑梗组和对照组相比较PLT显著降低,MPV、PDW显著升高,差异显著（P＜0.01）,两组PCT比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）.结论 脑梗死患者的PLT降低,MPV、PDW升高,动态观察血小板参数的变化对脑梗死的诊断及治疗有一定的临床意义.     

四项血小板参数在重症肺炎患儿中的检测及意义

目的:探讨四项血小板参数在重症肺炎患儿中的检测及意义。方法:采用日本SysmexSF23000分析仪检测65例重症肺炎患儿和60例正常对照儿童血浆血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、血小板压积(PCT)水平。结果:重症肺炎组PLT、MPV、PDW、PCT明显高于对照组(P<0.05),恢复期组PLT、MPV、PDW、PCT明显低于急性期组(P<0.05)。结论:重症肺炎患儿血小板四项参数PLT、MPV、PCT、PDW水平明显升高,并且急性期明显高于恢复期,临床应密切关注血小板参数变化。     

肝硬化患者血小板参数和凝血指标的观察

[目的]了解肝硬化患者血小板及其相关参数和凝血指标的变化,探讨其临床意义。[方法]检测62例肝硬化患者血小板参数(PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW)、凝血指标(PT、TT、APTT、FIB),并与50例健康对照组的血小板及其相关参数和凝血指标进行比较,同时肝功能分级后组间血小板及其相关参数也进行了比较。[结果](1)肝硬化组与正常对照组比较,PLT、PCT显著下降,MPV、PDW显著升高;肝功能B、C级与A级比较,C级PLT和PCT下降显著,MPV、PDW显著升高。(2)肝硬化患者PT、TT、APTT均较对照组明显延长,FIB明显降低。[结论]肝硬化患者存在血小板及凝血异常,血小板参数和凝血指标可以反映肝病的肝损程度和病情轻重,指导临床治疗及其预后都具有重要的意义。     

肝炎后肝硬化患者血小板参数变化的临床意义

目的:探讨肝炎后肝硬化血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板宽度(PDW)和血小板压积(PCT)4项参数的改变,间接评估肝脏受损情况,判断有无出血倾向。方法:用Bayer ADVIA120全自动血细胞计数仪测定肝炎后肝硬化患者和正常健康体检者血小板各项参数,并对其中39例合并消化道出血者、89例未出血者和40例正常体检者血小板4项参数进行比较分析。结果:肝硬化组PLT、MPV、PCT值均小于正常对照组(P<0.05～0.005),PDW高于正常对照组(P<0.025)。其中消化道出血组血小板各项均低于未出血组。结论:随着肝炎后肝硬化患者病情加重,PLT、MPV、PCT明显减低,PDW明显增高,故血小板4项参数的测定对肝病患者出血倾向及功能判断有一定参考价值。     

妊娠期血小板减少患者平均血小板体积血小板压积及血小板体积分布宽度特征对不良妊娠结局的影响

目的 探究妊娠期血小板减少患者平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)特征及对不良妊娠结局的影响。方法 回顾性分析2015年5月—2023年5月就诊于温州医科大学附属衢州医院妇产科的妊娠期血小板减少患者98例，根据患者妊娠结局划分为不良妊娠结局组(18例)和正常妊娠结局组(80例)。比较两组患者一般临床资料(包括年龄、孕周、胎次、孕前体质量指数、高血压病史、糖尿病病史及流产史)、血小板相关参数[包括血小板计数(PLT)、MPV、PCT、PDW]及凝血功能相关指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)、FⅧ活性及纤维蛋白原(FIB)]。通过Spearman相关性分析及多因素logistic回归分析筛选妊娠期血小板减少患者不良妊娠结局的危险因素。结果 不良妊娠结局组患者平均PLT、PCT水平均显著低于正常妊娠结局组，平均MPV、PDW及FⅧ活性均显著高于正常妊娠结局组，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析表明，妊娠期血小板减少患者MPV(r=0.219,P=0.030)、PDW(r=0.273,P=0.007)及FⅧ活性(r=0.276,P=0.006)水平与不良妊娠结局呈正相关性，PLT(r=-0.189,P=0.047)及PCT(r=-0.333,P=0.001)水平与不良妊娠结局呈负相关性。多因素logistic回归分析发现，妊娠期血小板减少患者MPV(OR=1.415,P=0.006)、PDW(OR=1.245,P=1.079)及FⅧ活性(OR=1.068,P=0.002)水平增高是患者不良妊娠结局的危险因素，PLT(OR=0.914,P=0.012)、PCT(OR=0.564,P=0.005)水平升高是患者不良妊娠结局的保护因素。结论 妊娠期血小板减少患者MPV、PDW、PCT及FⅧ活性水平变化与不良妊娠结局发生具有紧密相关性，严密监测患者血小板相关参数及凝血功能变化对于辅助判断妊娠结局、及早对症干预具有一定临床意义。     

杭州地区部分人群血小板各参数变化的调查研究

目的:调查研究杭州地区部分人群血小板各参数变化的影响因素。方法:收集2008年1月到12月在我院体检的30425例人员资料,运用美国Backman Coulter LH750全自动血细胞分析仪电阻抗法测定血小板(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)和血小板压积(PCT),按性别、不同年龄段、季节进行分组,对各组进行比较分析。结果:统计分析结果表明,性别、不同年龄段、季节对血小板各参数影响明显。男性PLT、MPV、PCT总体水平明显低于女性,而PDW则高于女性;随着年龄的增长,PLT、MPV、PCT水平逐渐减少,PDW逐渐增加,男性MPV无明显变化,女性MPV随年龄的变化而变化;相同年龄段男女PLT、MPV、PCT、PDW存在显著性差异。PLT、MPV、PCT、PDW随着季节变化发生明显的改变。与春季作为比较,PLT秋冬两季结果明显增高,MPV秋季明显减少,PDW夏秋冬三季结果明显减少,PCT冬季结果明显增高,均存在显著性差异(P0.01)。结论:杭州地区血小板各参数受性别、年龄、季节变化的影响。     

血小板参数对川崎病诊断的临床意义

目的探讨小儿川崎病发病第1周、第2~3周血小板参数的变化和临床意义。方法对78例川崎病患儿(病例组)及78例同期体检健康儿童(对照组)取静脉全血用ADVIA2120全自动血液细胞分析仪测定血小板数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)。对疾病组和对照组血小板参数分别进行比较,并对血小板各参数进行相关性分析。结果川崎病患儿发病第1周PLT、PCT明显高于对照组(P0.05),PDW低于对照组(P0.05),MPV与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;川崎病患儿发病第2~3周PLT、PCT明显高于对照组(P0.05),MPV、PDW均低于对照组(P0.05);川崎病发病第2~3周PLT、PCT高于川崎病发病第1周,川崎病发病第2~3周MPV、PDW低于川崎病发病第1周。川崎病患儿PLT与MPV、PDW呈负相关(r=-0.391;r=-0.362);PLT与PCT呈正相关(r=0.969);PCT与PDW呈负相关(r=-0.356);MPV与PCT、PDW无相关性(r=-0.207;r=0.226)。结论血小板参数变化对川崎病诊断有非常重要意义,并可作为判断患儿病情及指导临床治疗用药的指标。     

联合抗病毒治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜血小板参数变化

目的 探讨儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)联合抗病毒治疗前后Pt、血小板平均容积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板分布宽度(PDw)等参数变化.方法 采用日本生产的XT-1800i血细胞分析仪测定110例ITP患儿(病例组)联合抗病毒治疗前后Pt、MPV、PCT、PDW,其中轻度组16例、中度组38例、重度组30例、极重度组26例.并与110例健康体检儿童(对照组)进行比较.结果 ITP患儿轻度组与中度组、中度组与重度组、重度组与极重度组比较MPV、PDW、PCT差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),极重度组与轻度组比较PCT差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病例组治疗前与治疗后及对照组Pt、PCT及MPV、PDW比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),病例组治疗后与对照组比较Pt、PCT仍低(P<0.05).结论 动态监测血小板参数可反映ITP病情变化,指导临床治疗.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.