保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术九例报告

目的总结9例保留脾脏胰体尾切除术经验,探讨其可行性。方法1991年1月至2004年12月行保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术9例,其中保留脾脏血管的保留脾脏胰体尾切除7例,切断(或切除)脾脏血管的保留脾脏胰体尾切除术2例。结果本组无手术死亡,术后2例发生胰瘘,经非手术治疗2～3周痊愈。结论胰体尾部良性病变,不适合摘除术时应首先选择保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术,手术安全,近期效果好。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗。方法回顾性研究北京大学第一医院外科1994—2004年所收治45例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料。结果本组病例涉及8种不同囊性肿瘤，男12例，女33例，平均年龄49．1岁，临床表现无特异性。B超及CT检查提示囊性或囊实性占位，ERCP、EUS等可提供鉴别诊断线索。根据肿瘤位置及性状选择局部切除术13例，Whipple术12例，胰体尾切除术18例，全胰腺切除术1例，单纯活检术1例。无围手术期死亡，术后胰瘘2例经保守治疗痊愈。随访38例，平均32．6个月。随访期内死亡4例，其中3例死于肿瘤复发，其余病人无瘤生存。结论胰腺囊性肿瘤包括多种亚型，临床表现均无特异性，诊断须综合各项检查结果，诊断明确者应积极手术治疗，切除率高，预后较好。     

Prospective preoperative determination of mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Optimal management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms includes identification and resection of mucinous neoplasms. This study was performed to assess the accuracy of preoperative variables in determining a mucinous lesion. METHODS: Patients referred for a cystic neoplasm were prospectively assessed by presenting symptoms, blinded radiologic review, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided cyst aspirate analysis. Patients who were symptomatic, or had aspirate findings of a mucinous neoplasm were resected. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients were enrolled over a 22-month period ending in December 2001. There were 56 (64%) women and 31 (36%) men, with a mean age of 63 (27-86) years. Thirty-five (40%) patients were resected including 24 (69%) women and 11 (31%) men with a mean age of 58 years. Twenty-eight (80%) patients who had resection were symptomatic. Specimen histology included 18 (51%) mucinous neoplasms, 8 (23%) serous neoplasms, 4 (11%) ductal or neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 3 (9%) pseudocysts. The positive predictive value (PPV) for cyst-aspirate extracellular mucin (83%) was significant in predicting a mucinous neoplasm (P =.009). No other aspirate variables (amylase, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA15-3, viscosity), or patient characteristics were predictive of final histology. Diagnostic agreement between all 3 radiologists was 8% (P =.98). At a median follow-up of 12 months, no patients who were observed required resection. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms can be selectively treated on the basis of symptoms and cyst-aspirate mucin analysis. Symptomatic and mucin containing lesions should be resected.     

内镜胰管探查在精准胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤切除术中的应用

The diagnostic rate of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) has been increased as the improvement of imaging and endoscopic techniques.All main duct type and mixed variant IPMNs should be r...     

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy combined with preservation of the spleen for cystic neoplasms of the pancreas

The precise role of laparoscopy in the resection of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (CyNP) remains unknown. In addition, the question of spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is controversial. This report evaluates the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LapSPDP) in 19 patients (17 women and 2 men) with CyNP. A prospective comparison was made between 11 consecutive patients (group I) with splenic vessel preservation (SVP) and 8 patients (group II) without SVP (Warshaw technique). This study used color-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) as a tool to identify patients at high risk for postoperative splenic complications. The mean tumor size was, in both groups, 5 cm. In group I, with an intent-to-treat basis of SVP, only in 54.5 % of patients the spleen was preserved with an intact splenic artery and vein; in the remainder, conversion to the Warshaw technique was required for intraoperative bleeding. Evaluation of intraoperative factors showed that the mean operative time was significantly shorter (165 vs. 222 minutes) and the mean blood loss significantly lower (225 vs. 495 mL) in the group of LapSPDP with the Warshaw technique. No patients required blood transfusion in both groups. The overall conversion rate was 0%. The overall rate of pancreatic fistula was 15% and it was classified as biochemical leak (no clinical symptomatology). Overall splenic complications were observed in 16.6 % of patients but occurred only in three patients undergoing LapSPDP with the Warshaw technique; CDUS showed in 2 patients a focal splenic infarct; the third patient had an initial hospital stay of 5 days, was readmitted 2 days later for a massive splenic necrosis, and splenectomy was performed. The overall hospital stay was 5.7 days. At mean follow up of 22 months (range 6–42), there have been no local recurrences.     

Spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy after division of the splenic vessels

A 37-year-old woman with a history of syncope was hospitalized with a diagnosis of hypoglycemia due to insulinoma. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced solid mass, 1.5 cm in diameter, at the tail of the pancreas. Angiography via the splenic artery revealed a hypervascular mass. Because the tumor was located deep in the pancreatic parenchyma, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed. The pancreas was exposed by dissecting the greater omentum, and the tumor was located by intraoperative ultrasonography. After division of the splenic artery, the pancreas, main pancreatic duct, and splenic vein were transected with an endoscopic linear stapler. The pancreatic pedicle was divided at the splenic hilum to preserve the spleen. The postoperative course was uneventful except for the appearance of splenic infarction on a CT scan 2 weeks after surgery but without any overt symptoms. Spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy by division of splenic vessels is a feasible treatment option for benign pancreatic disease.     

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms.

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are relatively rare. This makes the evaluation and treatment of these tumors widely varied. The authors describe a patient who came to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain, but no other related symptoms. Diagnostic evaluation of the patient yielded normal results, except for inspection and palpation of the abdominal areas, which revealed a large epigastric mass; this finding was confirmed subsequently by ultrasonographic examination and computed tomographic scanning. This article presents the case and reviews the literature, specifically related to diagnosis and current treatments.     

23例胰腺囊性肿瘤诊治体会

目的：探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤（PCNs）的诊断与治疗.方法：回顾重庆医科大学附属第二医院及重庆市北部新区第一人民医院2004年5月-2012年5月收治的23例PCNs患者的临床资料,结合国内外相关文献,对PCNs的诊断和治疗经验进行总结.结果：23例患者中男10例,女13例;平均年龄51.2岁.3例位于胰头部,3例位于颈体部,余20例肿瘤位于体尾部.B超和CT对PCNs的诊断正确率分别达到86.96％（20/23）和95.65％（22/23）.23例均行手术治疗,术中切缘冰冻病理切片均为阴性.13例患者随访6～48个月,预后均好.结论：PCNs多发于中老年女性,临床表现尚无特异性.B超、CT、MRI等能提供重要的诊断线索.PCNs的手术切除率高,预后好.     

Debridement pancreatectomy for pancreatic abscess

Experience with seven cases of pancreatic abscess is reviewed. All patients were treated with radical pancreatic debridement, large sump drainage with postoperative irrigation, gastrointestinal defunctionalization, antibiotic therapy and nutritional support. One patient died, for a mortality rate of 14 percent. We feel that this regimen will help maximize survival in patients with pancreatic abscess.     

Extended pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancers

Pancreatic cancer carries a poor prognosis. A minority of patients are considered for surgical excision. Local extension, lymph node metastasis, poor prognosis with distal spread and the lack of effectiveness of chemo and radiotherapy, have led to a nihilistic approach to this disease. This review outlines the rationale for and technique of extended resections in pancreatic cancer.