肺靶向制剂—硫酸链霉素明胶微球的药理学研究

以１２５Ｉ标记硫酸链霉素明胶微球，小鼠静脉注射后测定其体内分布，结果表明硫酸链霉素明胶微球在小鼠肺部浓度最高，由靶向性参数判定硫酸链霉素明胶微球靶向作用明显，靶向效率较高。用微生物分析法测定并比较了肺组织中硫酸链霉素及其明胶微球的浓度，结果显示，在硫酸链霉素明胶微球给药量约为硫酸链霉素一半的情况下，肺部的药物浓度仍可达到或超过非微球剂。用苏通氏培养基二倍稀释法测得硫酸链霉素及其明胶微球ＭＩＣ值均为０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。小鼠实验性肺结核治疗结果表明，以实际硫酸链霉素量计，微球剂约为非微球剂的１／３时，即可达到相同的治疗作用，当用药量约为非微球剂的２／３时，微球剂治疗作用明显优于非微球剂     

肺靶向贝母素甲明胶微球的制备

目的制备肺靶向贝母素甲明胶微球,并对其理化性质进行考察。方法采用乳化—化学交联法制备贝母素甲明胶微球;采用光学显微镜对微球形态、粒度分布等进行考察;利用柱前衍生HPLC方法测微球的包封率和载药量;利用透析法考察微球体外释药特性。结果在光学显微镜下观察,微球呈球形,表面光滑,很少黏连,平均粒径10.72μm,粒径在5～25μm范围内的微球占总数的85.8%,载药量为5.128%,包封率为66.35%,体外释药具有缓释特征。结论微球的粒径、形态、载药量和包封率、体外释药性能等基本符合肺部靶向的要求。     

注射用硫酸链霉素白蛋白微球的研究

用分散剂法制备了链霉素白蛋白微球,并测定了微球一些物理性质包括微球大小、分布与表面状态。结果表明微球在10～30μm范围内,药物含量为20.3±0.16%。完成了体外释药试验,同时用荧光素异硫氰酸盐与¹²⁵Ⅰ标记微球进行大鼠体内分布实验。实验证实微球主要集中在肺组织,这对于提高链霉素的疗效降低其毒副作用有重要的意义。     

卡铂肺靶向明胶微球的实验研究

目的：研制卡铂肺靶向微球。方法：用乳化法制备卡铂微球，正交试验设计考察影响制备工艺的因素。体外长烃药试验研究其缓释性，以微球在家兔的体内分布初步考察其靶向性。结果：所制备微球88.6%的粒径在5-25μm。药物包封率为79.2%。8小时体外药物累积释放百分率达95%并有良好的靶向性。结论：用乳化法制备的卡铂肺靶向微球有良好的应用研究前景。     

肺靶向卡铂明胶微球的研究

目的:为提高卡铂的疗效,降低毒副作用,制备了该药的明胶微球。方法:用乳化法制备卡铂明胶微球,紫外分光光度法测定药物的含量,二阶导数法测定体外释药情况;用静脉注射肿瘤细胞建立了肺肿瘤模型,计算瘤结节数来考察疗效。结果:卡铂明胶微球平均粒径为13-20 μm ,粒径范围5-0～28-6 μm 的微球数占总数的91-8% 。微球平均载药量为23-76%(n=3) 。冰箱、室温和37℃,RH75% 考察3个月,几乎无变化,体外释药符合一级动力学规律,释药T_1/2 比原药延长约10倍。药效学实验表明,卡铂明胶微球对小鼠肺部S180肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤作用较原药卡铂大大提高。结论:卡铂明胶微球在体内有良好的肺靶向性,对提高药物的疗效,降低药物毒副作用等方面有重大意义。     

紫杉醇壳聚糖肺靶向微球的制备

目的研制具有肺靶向性的紫杉醇壳聚糖微球,并对处方工艺进行优化。方法以壳聚糖为载体,采用乳化一化学交联法制备紫杉醇壳聚糖微球。单因素试验考察了油／水体积比、紫杉醇浓度、乳化时间、乳化剂量等因素,采用正交设计优化微球制备工艺,以HPLC法测定微球载药量、包封率。结果制得的微球显微观察形态圆整、表面光滑,无黏连;平均粒径为（8．23±0．25）μm,粒径在7～12μm平均占微球总数的84．2％,载药量为16．20％±1．15％,包封率为81．29％±1．62％。结论筛选的最佳处方工艺制备的微球粒径大小适宜,可满足肺靶向微球的要求并免除过敏试剂的加入。     

肺靶向米托蒽醌明胶微球的研究

采用二步法制备米托蒽醌明胶微球,球径范围为5.1～25.0μm的占总数87.36%,体外释药与原药相比t1/2延长4倍,DTA曲线上的特征吸热峰为133℃,经37℃,RH75%考察3月,几乎无变化。经小鼠体内分布试验表明具有明显的肺靶向性,靶向效率增加3～35倍,肺中药代动力学行为可用一室开放模型描述,平均滞留时间延长10h。     

用于被动肺靶向的异烟肼明胶微球的制备及表征

目的 用生物可降解材料明胶制备肺靶向异烟肼明胶微球。方法 用乳化法制备异烟肼明胶微球,正交试验优化其制备的因素;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外光谱法(IR)确证微球的形成;用正置荧光显微镜观察微球的形态;并对异烟肼明胶微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和稳定性等进行研究。结果 最佳工艺条件,重现性好,微球形态圆整,药物确己存于微球中;粒径在5.0~25.0 μm的微球占总数的90%以上,平均粒径为15.63 μm,达到肺靶向要求;载药量和包封率分别为14.93%和73.30%。常温放置6个月,其外观形态、大小及含量基本不变。结论 制备异烟肼明胶微球的工艺简单稳定,可用于肺靶向注射剂的研究。     

用于被动肺靶向的异烟肼明胶微球的制备及表征

目的用生物可降解材料明胶制备肺靶向异烟肼明胶微球。方法用乳化法制备异烟肼明胶微球,正交试验优化其制备的因素;用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和红外光谱法（IR）确证微球的形成;用正置荧光显微镜观察微球的形态;并对异烟肼明胶微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和稳定性等进行研究。结果最佳工艺条件,重现性好,微球形态圆整,药物确己存于微球中;粒径在5.0~25.0μm的微球占总数的90%以上,平均粒径为15.63μm,达到肺靶向要求;载药量和包封率分别为14.93%和73.30%。常温放置6个月,其外观形态、大小及含量基本不变。结论制备异烟肼明胶微球的工艺简单稳定,可用于肺靶向注射剂的研究。     

肺靶向卡铂明胶微球的药物动力学和体内分布研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定静脉给药后小鼠血浆和各脏器组织中卡铂的浓度,并对肺靶向卡铂明胶微球和游离药物卡铂的药物动力学、体内分布行为和肺靶向性进行了比较研究。结果表明卡铂明胶微球药物动力学模型为三室模型,具有明显的肺靶向性。     

均匀设计法优化汉防己甲素肺靶向微球的处方及制备工艺

目的：制备肺部靶向的聚乳酸汉防己甲素微球。方法：采用液中干燥法制备聚乳酸汉防己甲素微球，按均匀设计法，对实验结果进行多元逐步回归优化实验条件，筛选汉防己甲素微球的最佳制备工艺。结果：所制备微球粒径在7～15μm者占80．3％，包封率为61．7％，载药量为46．9％。结论：用优化均匀设计优化后的制备工艺制取TET-PLA微球是可行的。     

Sophoridine-loaded PLGA microspheres for lung targeting: preparation,in vitro,and in vivo evaluation

Lung-targeting sophoridine-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres were constructed by a simple oil-in-oil emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The obtained microspheres were systematically studied on their morphology, size distribution, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release profile, and biodistribution in rats. The drug-loaded microparticles showed as tiny spheres under SEM and had an average size of 17?μm with 90% of the microspheres ranging from 12 to 24?μm. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 65% and 6.5%, respectively. The in vitro drug release behavior of microspheres exhibited an initial burst of 16.6% at 4?h and a sustained-release period of 14 days. Drug concentration in lung tissue of rats was 220.10?μg/g for microspheres and 6.77?μg/g for solution after intraveneous injection for 30?min, respectively. And the microsphere formulation showed a significantly higher drug level in lung tissue than in other major organs and blood samples for 12 days. These results demonstrated that the obtained PLGA microspheres could potentially improve the treatment efficacy of sophoridine against lung cancer.     

托西酸舒他西林明胶微球颗粒的制备与含量测定

目的:研究托西酸舒他西林明胶微球颗粒的制备与质量控制.方法:用适宜的辅料将托西酸舒他西林明胶微球制成颗粒,样品用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液超声提取,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,Dioney Kromasil ODS1(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)分析柱,0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠-乙腈(85:15)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长218 nm.结果:颗粒外观呈类白色,味甜,其他检查项目符合标准要求.色谱分离托西酸舒他西林保留时间约为6 min,与邻近峰的分离度大于1.5,线性范围为0.128～0.642 g·L-1.得高、中、低3个浓度的平均回收率(n=3)分别为101.3%,100.8%,100.3%,RSD分别为0.18%,0.35%,0.33%.结论:本品可有效掩盖托西酸舒他西林本身具有的苦味,适于儿童服用,定量分析方法简便、准确、可靠,可用作该制剂的质控方法.     

Passive targeting and lung tolerability of enoxaparin microspheres for a sustained antithrombotic activity in rats

Pulmonary bed can retain microparticles (MP) larger than their capillaries’ diameter, hence we offer a promising way for lung passive targeting following intravenous (IV) administration. In this study, enoxaparin (Enox)-albumin microspheres (Enox-Alb MS) were, optimally, developed as lung targeted sustained release MP for IV use. Lung tolerability and targeting efficiency of Enox-Alb MS were tested, and the pharmacokinetic profile following IV administration to albino rats was constructed. In vivo studies confirmed high lung targeting efficiency of Enox-Alb MS with lack of potential tissue toxicity. The anticoagulant activity of the selected Alb MS was significantly sustained for up to 38?h compared to 5?h for the market product. Alb MS are promising delivery carriers for controlled and targeted delivery of Enox to the lungs for prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism.     

硫酸链霉素注射液无菌检查法试验验证

目的：探讨硫酸链霉素注射液的无菌检查方法，考察其抑菌作用及测定方法的可行性。方法：采用薄膜过滤法．通过无菌验证试验确定无菌检查方法的有效性。结果：含供试品各容器中的试验菌均生长良好。结论：通过验证试验的无菌检查方法可行，所得结果可靠，适合该药品的无菌检查。     

异烟肼肺靶向性微球的制备及其小鼠体内分布

目的：制备异烟肼肺靶向性微球,评价其体外释药特性及在动物体内的肺靶向性。方法：采用溶剂挥发法制备微球,动态透析法考察其体外释药性能,实验动物静脉注射后测定其各组织的药物浓度,研究其体内相对分布百分率及肺靶向性。结果：制得的微球粒径在7～30μm的占微球总数的88．8％,平均粒径为（16.7±4．6）μm,包封率为86．92％,载药量为（40．7±3.6）％（n=5）,体外释药T50为68min,轻对照组延长了4.5倍。动物实验表明,制得微球后,药物在肺内的相对分布百分率明显高于其它组织与血液,并轻对照组提高了4倍。结论：本法制得的异烟肼微球具有明显的缓释性及肺靶向性。     

提高最后稀释液浓度测定硫酸链霉素含量

本文参照中国药典（１９９０年版）抗生素微生物检定法，应用Ｚ－８２型抗生素抑菌圈而积测量分析仪，测定硫酸链霉素抑菌圈面积与对数剂量的线性关系范围，结果表明，测定硫酸链霉素含量对，最后稀释液浓度范围在５．６～２０单位／ｍｌ内对数剂量与抑菌圈面积呈睦线关系，回收率，可信限率亦较好，抑菌圈有较好的清晰度，其面积所对应的直径在１８～２４ｍｍ，符合中国药典１９９０年版的规定，由此，建议在硫酸链霉素的含量测定中     

双氯芬酸钠明胶微球的制备

目的：对双氯芬酸钠明胶微球的处方及制备工艺进行初步研究。方法：以生物降解材料明胶为载体,采用乳化交联法制备双氯芬酸钠明胶微球;单因素考察的基础上,利用正交实验设计筛选最佳处方和工艺;建立紫外分光光度法测定微囊中恩诺沙星的包封率和载药量的方法。结果：所制备的双氯芬酸钠明胶微球外形圆整,大小均匀,载药量为2.05%,包封率为37.67%。结论：获得较为满意的双氯芬酸钠明胶微球。     

Targeted delivery of diclofenac sodium via gelatin magnetic microspheres formulated for intra-arterial administration

In the present work, we have attempted to deliver diclofenac sodium to a target site by intra-arterial injection of gelatin magnetic microspheres and subsequent localization using an external magnet. Drug-loaded magnetic microspheres were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking method, characterized by drug loading, magnetite content, size distribution, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absence of glutaraldehyde by gas chromatography, and in vitro release studies. The targeting efficiency and the therapeutic efficacy of microspheres were studied in vivo in rabbits. The microspheres showed drug loading of 9.1, 18.7, 24.9% w/w, magnetite content of 27.8–28.9% w/w with an average size range of 25–30.6 μm, depending upon the drug–polymer ratio. They were spherical in nature as evidenced by optical microscopy and SEM. FT-IR, DSC, and XRD studies revealed the absence of drug–polymer interaction. Gas chromatography confirmed the absence of residual glutaraldehyde. The microspheres were able to prolong the drug release over 24–30 days and the application of sonication during in vitro release study has slightly increased the release rate. After intra-arterial administration of microspheres, 77.7% of injected dose was recovered at the target site which revealed good targeting efficiency. The microspheres effectively reduced joint swelling, but lesser extent than the oral diclofenac sodium in high dose, in antigen induced arthritic rabbits without producing gastric ulceration which was observed in rabbits treated with oral diclofenac sodium.