690例快速心律失常的射频消融回顾分析

目的总结射频消融(RFCA)治疗快速心律失常病人的经验,提高其临床疗效和安全性.方法回顾分析690例快速心律失常的射频消融治疗,其中房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)260例,房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)385例,特发性室性心动过速(IVT)45例.结果经射频消融治疗后成功率为98.4%,复发率为1.3%,并发症发生率为3.5%.其中AVRT成功率为98.7%,AVNRT成功率为99.6%,IVT成功率为98.0%.结论RFCA治疗快速心律失常安全有效,成功率高.     

回顾分析射频消融治疗快速性心律失常

目的:探讨射频消融术治疗快速性心律失常的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析射频消融术(RFCA)治疗快速心律失常病人1230例,其中房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)522例,房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)678例(左侧旁道598例,右侧旁道80例),特发性室性心动过速(IVT)30例。结果:经射频消融治疗后总成功率为97.8%,其中AVRT成功率为98.3%,AVNRT成功率为99.8%,IVT成功率为96.7%;复发率为1.6%。结论:射频消融术是根治快速心律失常的一种安全有效的方法,成功率高,并发症少。     

阵发性房室或房室结折返性心动过速患者射频消融治疗前后有关心房颤动的研究

心房颤动 (房颤 )是房室旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT )及阵发性房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT )患者常见的并发症 ,国外报道发生率为 19%～ 44% ,并因其对显性预激患者具有潜在的导致恶性室性心律失常、血栓栓塞及猝死的危险而倍受重视。射频消融治疗已成为目前治疗AVRT和AVNRT的一线治疗。本研究的目的是总结AVRT和AVNRT患者射频消融治疗前后房颤的发生情况 ,从而分析成功的射频消融慢径及房室旁路对房颤的预防作用。资料和方法对象为 1994年 1月～ 1999年 12月在我院导管室接受射频消融治疗成功的 90例AVRT和AVNRT…     

(14)如何进一步提高房室折返性心动过速、房室结折返性心动过速射频导管消融治疗的疗效

虽然射频导管消融术于1986年才开始用于临床治疗快速性心律失常,但在近15年当中该项技术得到迅猛的发展和广泛的应用.目前,射频导管消融术已被公认是根治房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)和房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)的首选方法.据1998年北美心脏起搏与电生理学会(NASPE)和我国的射频导管消融注册登记资料,射频导管消融治疗AVNRT的成功率已达96.1%～98.8%,治疗左侧和右侧游离壁房室旁路参与折返的AVRT为93.8%～96.4%,间隔部位房室旁路的成功率为84.0%～88.8%.因此,欲进一步提高对AVRT和AVNRT的射频导管消融疗效或成功率,在完善各种硬件设备(如温控消融导管和大功率射频仪)的同时,更应加强术者对复杂疑难病例的诊断和鉴别诊断能力,增强识别特殊类型房室旁路的意识.     

射频消融治疗快速心律失常复发原因分析

目的　分析射频消融治疗快速心律失常复发的原因。方法　射频消融治疗快速心律失常 30 0例 ,包括房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT)、房室折返性过速 (AVRT)、特发性室性心动过速 (IVT)、心房扑动 (AF) ,快心室率心房纤颤房室结改良。结果　其中 10例复发 ,复发率 3 4%。复发病例包括 :AVNRT 2例、AVRT 5例、IVT 2例、AF 1例。结论　分析复发因素可归纳为 :AVNRT :①以双径路现象消失为最佳终点 ;②电生理检查中 ,最长A2 H2 间期 >32 0ms ,复发率增高。AVRT :①选择最佳靶点除强调AV或VA融合外 ,更强调V或A提前 ;②温控消融电极和Swartz鞘的应用可降低复发率 ;③正确识别和处理某些特殊病例。AF :对峡部的消融要达到峡部传导全部阻断。IVT :①选择最佳靶点 ;②导管与组织的密切接触或采用温控消融电极。     

儿童及青少年患者快速性心律失常的射频消融治疗

目的 :观察射频消融术 （RFCA）在儿童及青少年快速性心律失常治疗中的成功率及安全性。方法 :西京医院住院行RFCA治疗的 14 8例患者 （其中右侧显性旁道并发左侧隐匿旁道者 2例 ,左侧隐匿旁道并发AVNRT者 1例 ） ,年龄 14 .1± 2 .3（6～ 18）岁 ,病史 2 .6± 2 .5 （0 .1～ 12 ）年。室上性心动过速 （SVT） 14 1例 ;特发性室性心动过速 （IVT） 7例。结果 :房室折返型心动过速 （AVRT） 93例 ,房室结折返型心动过速 （AVNRT） 5 1例 ,特发性室性心动过速 （IVT） 7例。RFCA成功率 93.4 % ,其中AVRT左侧旁道、AVNRT成功率达 97%、96 %。复发 11例再次消融均成功。术后无手术相关并发症。结论 :RFCA是治疗儿童及青少年快速性心律失常安全、有效方法。     

儿童和青少年快速性心律失常的临床特点

研究儿童和青少年快速性心律失常的临床特点。选择 1995～ 2 0 0 2年在我院行射频消融 (RFCA)治疗的儿童和青少年快速性心律失常患者 ,共 32 1例 ,男 2 10例、女 111例 ,年龄中位数 13.4± 3.6 (1.5～ 18)岁 ;其中 ,房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT) 2 0 4例、房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT) 74例、特发性室性心动过速 (IVT) 35例、房性心动过速 (AT) 5例、心房扑动 (AFL) 2例、不适当窦性心动过速 (IST) 1例。记录所有病例术前未发作心动过速及心动过速发作时的体表 12导联心电图 ,结合电生理检查 ,分析其临床特点。结果 :AVRT、AVNRT和IVT分别占6 3.6 %、2 3.1%和 10 .9%。年岁较小的儿童和青少年 ,右侧旁道较多 ,随着年龄的增加 ,左侧旁道相对越来越多。B型预激合并多旁道较常见。 35例IVT ,其中 2 3例为左室IVT ;6例为右室IVT。 12例合并先天性心脏病 ;13例并发心动过速性心肌病 ,心功能及心脏大小在RFCA术后 3～ 6个月恢复正常。结论 :①AVRT、AVNRT和IVT是儿童和青少年快速性心律失常中最常见的 3种类型。②心动过速性心肌病经早期适当的治疗是可逆的。     

小儿室上性心动过速射频消融术后复发相关因素分析

目的:探讨小儿室上性心动过速射频消融术后复发情况,并对复发相关因素进行总结分析。方法:对135例房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)及房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)患者经射频消融(RFCA)术后的电生理检查、消融参数及消融终点判断等资料进行总结,回顾性分析其复发情况及原因。结果:135例患者中复发11例,复发率为8.15%。其中AVNRT复发率为6.45%(4/62),AVRT复发率为9.59%(7/73)。4例AVNRT复发者中2例术后慢径残存,73例AVRT患儿复发7例,其中右旁道复发5例,左室旁道复发2例。结论:慢径残存是AVNRT术后复发最主要的原因;旁道未彻底阻断是AVRT术后复发最主要原因。     

射频消融治疗快速心律失常428例总结

目的：报告射频消融术（RFCA）治疗快速心律失常的经验。方法：分析本院428例RFCA患者资料，其中房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）127例，房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）261例，特发性室性心动过速（IVT）28例，阵发性心房扑动（PAF）9例，房性心动过速（AT）3例。结果：消融总成功率96．9％（其中AVNRT97．6％，AVRT97．4％，IVT82．1％，PAF77．8％，AT100％），总复发率4．6％（其中AVNRT2．4％，AVRT4．3％，IVT 17．4％，PAF 14．3％），并发症发生率o．9％，无致命并发症出现。结论：RFCA治疗快速心律失常成功率高，并发症少，是安全有效的根治方法。     

射频消融术在小儿快速心律失常中的疗效分析

目的分析小儿快速心律失常心电生理检查,探讨射频导管消融术(RFCA)治疗小儿快速型心律失常的效果。方法选取经心电生理学检查确诊为快速型心律失常的患儿102例,分析不同类型心律失常行RFCA及效果,比较不同年龄组RFCA治疗效果。结果 1102例患儿中,房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)58例(56.86%),房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)21例(20.59%),室性心动过速/室性期前收缩(VT/PVC)16例(15.69%),局灶性房性心动过速(FAT)5例(4.90%),心房扑动/切口折返性房性心动过速(AF/IRAT)2例(1.96%)。2RFCA消融治疗98例(96.08%),消融成功94例(95.92%),消融失败4例(4.08%)。AVRT消融治疗56例,成功率98.21%,失败率1.79%,复发率7.25%;AVNRT消融治疗20例,成功率100.00%,复发率5.00%;VT/PVC消融治疗15例,成功率86.67%,失败率13.33%,复发率7.69%;FAT消融治疗5例,成功率80%,复发率25%;AF/IRAT消融治疗2例,成功率100.00%。33岁15例,消融治疗14例,成功13例(92.86%),消融失败1例(7.14%),复发1例(7.69%);3~7岁28例,消融治疗27例,成功26例(96.30%),消融失败1例(3.70%),复发2例(7.69%);7岁59例,消融治疗57例消融成功55例(96.49%),消融失败2例(4.08%),复发4例(7.45%)。三组患儿消融成功率、复发率比较差异无统计学意义;3岁患儿消融失败率明显高于其它组。结论射频消融术成功率高,复发率低,可作为小儿快速型心律失常的首选根治方法。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.