光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤后膀胱尿动力学和肌电图的影响

目的观察光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤所致神经源性膀胱功能的影响。方法 50只大鼠经尿流动力学检查无异常后进行随机分组,并采用T10脊髓完全横断建立脊髓损伤动物模型,分为假手术对照组、脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组和脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组。2周后进行膀胱尿动力学、肌电图测定。结果脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌肌条舒缩曲线大部分可见规律性变化,波形均匀一致;同时膀胱最大容量增加,内压降低,顺应性升高;而脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组无上述变化。结论光感基因可以调节骶上脊髓完全性损伤后膀胱逼尿肌的收缩功能,对神经源性膀胱功能恢复有重要意义。     

多节段脊髓平面损伤后大鼠神经源性膀胱模型的制备

目的研制一种具有临床相似性、可调控性、可重复性的脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍动物模型的制模方法。方法采用改良Allen法,将10g重的柯氏针从20cm高以自由落体落下,撞击在动物脊柱背侧的垫片上,造成一定程度的脊髓损伤。结果在脊髓休克期,骶上脊髓损伤(胸腰段)组和骶髓损伤组动物平均每次挤压膀胱排尿量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在脊髓休克期后,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论改良Allen法具有临床相似性等优点,能为脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍的研究提供理想的动物模型。     

Sexual activity in Korean male patients on clean intermittent catheterization with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the sexual function and activity in male patients on clean intermittent catheterization with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients (mean age 37.6 years with a range of 18-66) were included in the study. We requested all subjects to complete a questionnaire including the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). RESULTS: Of 89 patients, 60 (67.4%) reported having attempted no sexual intercourse over the past 6 months and 28 (31.5%) presented with IIEF-5 scores less than or equal to 21 points. When subjects were stratified according to the years since injury, 50.0% (16 of 32) with less than 2 years post-injury had no sexual activity, while 77.2 (44 of 57) with 2 years or more post-injury did (P = 0.027). Patients with sexual activity were 40.4% (23 of 57) and 18.8% (6 of 32) in patients who were able and unable to perform self-catheterization, respectively (P = 0.037). Patients with less than 2 years post-injury had 3.3-fold higher risk (odds ratio 3.33; 95% confidence interval 1.01-10.97; P = 0.048) of no sexual activity than those with 2 years or more post-injury on the multivariate model. The other parameters were not appreciably related to sexual activity. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that sexual activity as well as erectile function is poor in this population. In addition, our findings suggest that years since injury may influence sexual activity of patients with spinal cord injury.     

Effects of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA on bladder dysfunction and autonomic dysreflexia after spinal cord injury: role of nerve growth factor

Study Type – Aetiology (case control) Level of Evidence 3c What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and autonomic dysreflexia (AD) are common outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we showed that onabotulinumtoxinA controlled NDO and AD in rats with T4‐SCI, and also provided a mechanism for the control of AS.

OBJECTIVE

• ? To assess the significance of onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) intravesical administration in blocking autonomic dysreflexia (AD) response induced by cystometrogram (CMG) after T4 spinal cord transection (SCT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

• ? Female rats were stratified into three groups: a sham group; a SCT‐only group; and a SCT with onabotA treatment group. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups: AD assessment, or nerve growth factor (NGF) assessment via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
• ? Three weeks after T4‐SCT, all groups were assessed. Arterial pressure and heart rate were measured during and after CMG.
• ? NGF was also extracted from the bladder and the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the T4 root and quantified by ELISA. In the onabotA‐treated group, 48 h before assessment, onabotA (1 mL, 20 U/mL in saline) was given using a urethral tube and was left indwelling for 30 min.
• ? Univariate anova was used to analyse the data and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

• ? The maximum voiding pressure and the number of uninhibited contractions were significantly lower in the group treated with intravesical onabotA than in the SCT‐only group.
• ? Intravesical onabotA significantly blocked the dysreflexia response (high arterial pressure with bradycardia) induced by CMG after SCT.
• ? Intravesical onabotA also significantly lowered NGF concentrations in the bladder and the T4 DRG segment.

CONCLUSIONS

• ? The results of the present study showed that intravesical onabotA controls neurogenic detrusor overactivity and AD after SCT.
• ? The findings shed light on the potential benefits of intravesical onabotA treatment in patients with spinal cord injury, and also provide a novel mechanism for the control of AD via a minimally invasive treatment modality.

     

脊髓损伤后膀胱传人神经元特性的适应性改变

下尿路的储尿和周期性的排尿功能依赖于大脑、脊髓和外周神经节的神经通路。脊髓在腰骶段的损伤能够消除自主和脊上神经对于排尿的控制,产生逼尿肌和括约肌的失协调。脊髓损伤后下尿路的功能障碍部分取决于膀胱传入神经通路的适应性改变。本文综述了脊髓损伤后膀胱传入神经元在免疫组织化学、电生理学及受体表达等方面的改变。     

The role of the mucosa in modulation of evoked responses in the spinal cord injured rat bladder

Aims

Mounting evidence indicates that a variety of factors released from the urothelium or suburothelium can modulate smooth muscle activity. Although the relationship between the mucosa and smooth muscle has been investigated, little is known about the pathophysiologic changes in detrusor‐mucosa interactions in neurogenic bladders. The goal of the study was to determine the impact of the mucosa on evoked responses in spinal cord injured (SCI) bladders.

Methods

Urinary bladders were obtained from 6wk SCI rats or age‐matched uninjured controls. Ex vivo isometric tension studies were performed and muscarinic receptor expression was measured in bladder tissue with and without mucosa.

Results

The magnitude and area of nerve evoked responses in SCI tissue with mucosa was higher than without mucosa. The duration and decay time of nerve‐evoked responses were longer in SCI than control tissue irrespective of the mucosa. The level of the muscarinic M₂ receptor was decreased in the mucosa of SCI bladders.

Conclusions

Detrusor‐mucosa interactions are substantially altered in the neurogenic bladder. After spinal cord injury, an excitatory modulation of smooth muscle contraction by the mucosa emerges, and could be targeted via intravesical treatment in the context of neurogenic bladder dysfunction.     

脊髓损伤后膀胱尿流动力学检查及分类

目的：检测脊髓损伤患者膀胱功能并分类。探讨并发症与膀胱功能的关系。方法：采用尿流动力学四导程测压仪对３６例脊髓损伤患者进行下尿路功能分组检测。结果：各组患者因脊髓损伤节段及程度的不同，会有不同的尿流动力学表现及不同的膀胱功能，而且有相应的并发症发生，这之间有一定的规律及内在联系，并据此将膀胱分为三类。结论：根据尿流动力学表现对脊髓损伤后膀胱进行分类，对临床有一定的指导意义。     

大鼠骶髓半横断神经源性膀胱模型中缝隙连接蛋白-43的研究

目的:建立低反射神经源性膀胱(NUB)的大鼠动物模型,初步研究缝隙连接蛋白-43(Cx-43)在低反射NUB中的表达情况。方法:选择雌性Wistar大鼠22只,实验组采用脊髓半横断法处理L4-5间隙脊髓圆锥12只,对照组为假手术组10只,术后2周内每日2次对大鼠进行Crede手法排尿,并记录残余尿量,术后8周进行尿动力学检查记录数据,同时取出膀胱标本,观察Cx-43的表达。结果:实验组大鼠术后出现尿潴留,残余尿量明显高于对照组[(4.428±0.471)ml vs.(0.948±0.114)ml,P<0.01];尿动力学检查结果提示实验组膀胱容量明显高于对照组[(4.386±0.563)ml vs.(2.571±0.278)ml,P<0.01];实验组膀胱漏尿点压力低于对照组[(27.546±2.207)mmHg vs.(36.000±3.873)mmHg,P<0.01];实验组逼尿肌Cx-43表达低于对照组。结论:大鼠脊髓半横断方法建立的NUB模型重复有效,Cx-43在低反射NUB大鼠膀胱中表达下降。