Effect of Backebergia militaris cactus extract on intestinal smooth muscle contractility

The branches of the giant cactus Backebergia militaris contain at least one biologically active compound, corresponding to an alkaloid. This activity was not dependent on cactus age. Methanol crude extracts of B. militaris showed a clear inhibitory effect on rabbit intestinal smooth muscle contractility. The inhibitory activity was concentration-dependent, and reversible upon removal of the extract from the medium. B. militaris extract did not display any anticholinergic action on the rabbit intestine. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vitro pharmacological evaluation of the dichloromethanol extract from Schinus molle l.

The pharmacological activity of the dichloromethanol extract of Schinus molle L. (SM-DCM) was analysed in in vitro models. Preincubation of the isolated guinea-pig ileum or rat uterus preparations with the extract (100 μg/mL) abolished the contractile effects of histamine and serotonin respectively. At the same dose, the extract partially reduced the contractile effects of acetylcholine on the isolated rat duodenum. A 10 μg/mL dose showed an inhibitory effect on histamine and serotonin, but not on acetylcholine-induced contractions (NS). No significant effect was found with a 1 μg/mL dose. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pharmacological evidence for a spasmogenic agent in Datura root extract tested on dispersed smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig ileum

The effect of acetylcholine, scopolamine, and Datura leaf and root extracts on the contractility of dispersed muscle cells of guinea-pig ileum was studied. Scopolamine and crude Datura leaf extract alone or together had no significant effect on contraction of smooth muscle cells. Acetylcholine and Datura root extract either alone or together caused a significant (30%) contraction. Datura root extract reversed the effect of both scopolamine and Datura leaf extract suggesting the presence of an unknown spasmogenic factor in Datura root extract.     

Mechanism of action of the aqueous seed extract of Mucuna pruriens on the guinea-pig ileum

The hot water extract (HWE) of the seed of Mucuna pruriens dose-dependently contracted the guinea-pig ileum. The ED₅₀ and pD₂ values for the HWE was lower than those of ACh and histamine. Cyproheptadine and promethazine (10 ng/mL) significantly antagonized the effects of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and HWE. Atropine blocked the effect of ACh and partially blocked the HWE. The calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil both blocked the effects of all the agonists including HWE. These results suggest that the HWE contains potent histamine receptor stimulants or principles as it was blocked by low doses of H₁ receptor blockers. It appears that stimulation of the receptors leads to influx of calcium since the effect was also blocked by nifedipine and verapamil. It is likely that it also stimulates muscarinic receptors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiinflammatory activity and effects on isolated smooth muscle of extracts from different Teucrium species

The present study analyses the antiinflammatory effects and the action on in vitro motility of methanol and dichloromethanol extracts and stems of four Teucrium species (T. flavum, T. cartaginenses, T. buxifolium and T. pumillum). The antiinflammatory activity was tested in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. T. flavum methanol (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and dichloromethanol (138 mg/kg, i.p.) extracts showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect through the 24 h experimental period and reduced the E_max induced by histamine and serotonin in vitro on guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus respectively. These extracts did not modify the contractile effects induced by acetylcholine on rat duodenum and noradrenaline on rat vas deferens. The methanol extracts of T. pumillum (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and T. buxifolium (26 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited significant antiinflammatory effects only in the acute phase of the oedema (2 h) without affecting the chronic phase (24 h). In guinea-pig ileum, rat uterus and rat vas deferens, the methanol extract of T. pumillum reduced the maximal effect induced by histamine, serotonin and noradrenaline, respectively, whereas the methanol extract of T. buxifolium lacked any effect on the contractile activity induced by various agonists in vitro. When tested for antiinflammatory activity the methanol (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and dichloromethanol (200 mg/kg, i.p.) extracts of T. cartaginenses did not modify the oedematous response induced by carrageenan administration.     

紫苏梗影响结肠平滑肌细胞收缩作用的实验研究

[目的]观察紫苏梗水提液对肢体缺血再灌注大鼠离体结肠平滑肌细胞运动的影响,并探讨其作用机制.[方法]建立肢体缺血/再灌注大鼠胃肠动力障碍模型.酶法分离大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞,采用图像分析系统测定细胞长度,利用工具药探讨机制.[结果]肢体缺血,再灌注后,结肠平滑肌细胞平均长度明显增加.紫苏梗水提液可明显增加模型大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞的收缩率,最适剂量为50g/L.钙鳌合剂(EGTA)和钙通道阻断剂盐酸维拉帕米均可完全抑制紫苏梗水提液对结肠平滑肌细胞的收缩作用.[结论]紫苏梗水提液对肢体缺血再灌注大鼠离体单个结肠平滑肌细胞有明显的收缩作用,其作用主要通过胞外Ca2+内流介导.     

左旋四氢巴马汀对肠道平滑肌的作用

左旋四氢巴马汀 (1 THP) 2 0 3 2 0mg/kg灌胃给药能剂量依赖性减慢小鼠小肠推进运动。在离体器官实验中 ,1 THP能抑制家兔十二指肠和豚鼠回肠的自发活动 ,非竞争性拮抗His和Ach引起的豚鼠回肠收缩 ,并能松弛高钾去极化和氯化钡引起的豚鼠结肠带收缩。     

苍术对大鼠离体小肠、结肠收缩活动的影响

30－200％浓度的苍术水煎剂剂量依赖性减小大鼠离体近端结肠纵行肌条的收缩波平均振幅,其作用可部分被心得安阻断,酚妥拉明、消炎痛和L－NNA对其活动无明显影响,提示苍术对大鼠结肠纵行肌的兴奋作用部分由肾上腺素能β受体介导。苍术对大鼠离体小肠、近端结肠环行肌和远端结肠纵、环行肌的收缩活动无明显影响。     

茶多酚对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的　探讨茶多酚对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。方法　体外培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞 ,应用不同剂量的茶多酚作用 2 4 h后 ,采用 MTS/ PES法确定血管平滑肌细胞的增殖状态。应用流式细胞术测定细胞周期。结果　与对照组相比 ,茶多酚对血管平滑肌细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用 (P<0 .0 0 1)。流式细胞术检测结果表明 ,茶多酚可以使血管平滑肌细胞大部分处于 G0 / G1 期 ,与对照组相比有明显差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并且可以诱导其凋亡。结论　茶多酚可明显抑制离体大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的增殖。     

Effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri,and its constituent estragole on intestinal smooth muscle

The effects on isolated guinea-pig ileum of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri (CZEO) and of its main constituent estragole (57% of CZEO by weight) were studied. CZEO and estragole (0.1–100 μg/mL) decreased the tonus in 56% and 61.5%, respectively, of the muscles. At concentrations above 10 μg/mL, they induced spontaneous rhythmic movements of small amplitude (less than 11% of the potassium contraction peak to peak). At concentrations from 1 to 100 μg/mL and with similar potencies, these agents blocked the contractions induced by acetylcholine, histamine and 50 mM K⁺ and caused relaxation of already established potassium contractures. Tested separately, CZEO, estragole and anethole (28% of CZEO by weight) blocked the contraction induced by Ca⁺⁺ in the presence of 50 mM K⁺, but CZEO was more potent than estragole or anethole in blocking the Ca⁺⁺-induced contractions than those induced by K⁺. With large increases in the agonist concentration, the action of the oils on the contractions induced by Ca⁺⁺ was reversible; however, their effect on contractions induced by histamine or ACh was not. The data show that the essential oil of Croton zehntneri has an effect on intestinal smooth muscle that is predominantly antispasmodic, and attributable in part to the effect of estragole, a major constituent. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of aqueous extract of Baphia nitida on isolated cardiac tissues

The pharmacological action of cold aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Baphia nitida was studied on cardiac preparations. The extract (5.0 × 10^?3 g mL) reduced the rate and force of contraction of the isolated rabbit heart. The rate and force of contraction of the spontaneously beating rat atria was dose-dependently reduced by 5.0 × 10^?4 to 2.5 × 10^?2 g/mL of the extract and this effect was not antagonized by 3.45 × 10^?7 M atropine. The extract (5.0 × 10^?2 g mL) completely blocked the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of 10 mM CaCI² but only reduced that of 1.61 × 10^?7 M isoprenaline. The effect of the extract on CaCI₂-induced responses of the rat atria was not affected by 3 × 10^?7 M propranolol. The use of this extract for treating palpitation locally may be related to its negative chronotropic and inotropic effects.     

Hypoglycaemic activity of Anthocleista vogelii (Planch) aqueous extract in rodents

The hypoglycaemic effect of Anthocleista vogelii was studied in mice, rats and rabbits. Aqueous extract of the plant obtained by infusion from finely pulverized root was used. The extract (100, 400 and 800 mg/kg) induced significant hypoglycaemic activity in a dose-related fashion at 2 h after oral administration in mice and rats with ED₂₅ of 250 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg respectively. The extract (800 mg/kg, orally) similarly induced statistically significant lowering of blood glucose levels at 8 h in normoglycaemic rabbits. The extract (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, orally) also caused reduction of blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic animals. The results of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of the roots of Anthocleista vogelii possess favourable hypoglycaemic activity both in normo and hyperglycaemic animals compared to chlorpropamide as a standard.     

黄连水煎剂对未孕大鼠离体子宫平滑肌运动的影响

目的 :探讨黄连水煎剂对未孕大鼠离体子宫平滑肌运动的影响。方法 :利用BL 3 10智能型生物信号显示与处理系统记录平滑肌条的等长收缩活动。结果 :黄连水煎剂能明显延长收缩波持续时间 ,增加收缩波面积且有显著正相剂量效应关系 ,还可增加收缩波的振幅但无剂量效应关系 ,黄连水煎剂的这作用可被异搏定 (L型电压依赖性Ca2 通道阻断剂 )所阻断。结论 :黄连水煎剂在体外可增强子宫平滑肌的收缩 ,该作用是通过L型钙通道而发挥的。     

The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds

The effect of an aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds was studied on candidiasis in mice. An intravenous inoculum of Candida albicans produced colonies of the organism in the liver, spleen and kidneys. Treatment of mice with the plant extract (6.6 mL/kg equivalent to 5 mg of estimated protein, once daily for 3 days) 24 h after the inoculation caused a considerable inhibitory effect on the growth of the organism in all organs studied. A 5-fold decrease in Candida in kidneys, 8-fold in liver and 11-fold in spleen was observed in the groups of animals post-treated with the plant extract. Histopathological examination of the respective organs confirmed these findings. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds exhibits inhibitory effect against candidiasis and this study validates the traditional use of the plant in fungal infections.     

Effects of Thymus species extracts on rat duodenum isolated smooth muscle contraction

The diethylether, ethylacetate and butanolic extracts from Thymus webbianus and Thymus leptophyllus were tested for spasmolytic activity. Pre-incubation of the isolated rat duodenum with these extracts for 10 min produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contractions. This effect was at least ten times greater with the apolar extracts than with the polar extracts.     

平贝母水提物抗炎作用研究

[目的]观察平贝母水提物的抗炎作用.[方法]通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀实验、蛋清致大鼠足趾肿胀实验及对小鼠毛细血管通透性的影响观察平贝母水提物的抗炎作用.[结果]平贝母水提物能减轻二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀;能减轻蛋清所致大鼠足趾肿胀;降低小鼠毛细血管通透性.[结论]平贝母水提物具有抗炎作用.     

Antispasmodic effect of Bersama abyssinica aqueous extract on guinea-pig ileum

The present study deals with the effect of one of the traditionally used Ethiopian medicinal plants, Bersama abyssinica, on gut motility. The experiment was carried out on isolated guinea-pig ileum with a standard spasmogen, histamine, in the absence and presence of the water extract of the medicinal plant. The spasmogenic effect of histamine was found to be antagonized by the extract in a nonreversible manner, indicating that B. abyssinica has a spasmolytic activity.     

白花前胡石油醚提取物对家兔离体气管平滑肌的作用

白花前胡石油醚提取物能抑制乙酰胆碱和氯化钾所致气管平滑肌收缩,而且能使乙酰胆碱收缩气管平滑肌的量效曲线右移,使最大反应降低,其作用为剂量依赖性。     

Effects of Olea europaea L. extract on the rat isolated ileum and trachea

The effects of an Olea europaea L. dried leaf extract containing 3.2% of oleuropein were investigated on the rat isolated ileum and trachea. On basal tone rat isolated ileum, Olea europaea L. extract was shown to produce a dual effect characterized by a contraction at low doses (10^?7-10^?4g/mL) and a relaxation at high doses (3.10^?4-10^?3g/mL). The extract induced contractile effect was found to involve at least histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and thromboxane A₂. On precontracted rat isolated ileum, the extract only induced a relaxation that was not modified by nifedipine, diltiazem, dipyridamone, verapamil or papaverine (10^?6 M). The effects of the extract were also studied on the rat isolated trachea. On basal tone organs, Olea europaea L. extract did not produce any effect, whereas, when basal tone was raised by acetylcholine (ACh 10^?3 M), the drug caused a relaxation (maximal effect 39.01% ± 5.40%) of the response to theophylline; (3.10 ± 10^?3M n = 15). It is suggested that the induced relaxation is consecutive to an increase of intracellular 3′5′ cAMP.     

重楼对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的:探讨重楼醇提物和水提物对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:小鼠随机分为9组,分别每天给予不同剂量的药物:重楼醇提物高、中、低剂量组(3.9、2.6、1.3 g/kg)、水提组的高、中、低剂量组(7.2、4.8、2.4g/kg)和联苯双酯(0.15 g/kg),正常组和模型组给予生理盐水。7d后,除正常对照组外各组小鼠腹腔注射0.1%CCl4制备急性肝损伤模型,16h后取血检测血清ALT、AST活性;测定肝组织匀浆中MDA含量和SOD、GSH的活性及观察肝脏病理学变化。结果:醇提组高剂量(3.9g/kg)和水提物高、中、低剂量(7.2、4.8、2.4g/kg)组均能降低CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性(P<0.01,P<0.05),降低肝脏MDA的含量、增强SOD和GSH活力(P<0.01,P<0.05),并能明显改善肝组织的病理学损伤。结论:重楼水提物对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好保护作用。