伊班膦酸钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨痛疗效观察

目的：观察伊班膦酸钠(艾本)对恶性肿瘤骨痛的临床疗效。方法：29例恶性肿瘤骨痛患者应用艾本4mg加入葡萄糖液内静滴，每4周1次。结果：艾本对骨痛的总有效率为89．7％，活动能力改善率为72.4％，1周内起效为65．5％，2周内起效为89．7％。无明显副作用出现。结论：艾本是一种治疗恶性肿瘤骨痛的有效药物，能有效缓解骨痛和活动障碍，用量小，副作用少，优于其它双膦酸盐制剂。     

伊班膦酸钠配合放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疗效观察

目的观察伊班膦酸钠配合放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疗效。方法治疗组42例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者每21天应用伊班膦酸钠4mg静脉点滴,同时配合放疗;对照组40例单纯应用放疗。结果治疗组骨痛缓解率88.10%,3d疼痛缓解率33.33%,对照组骨痛缓解率82.50%,3d疼痛缓解率15.00%。结论伊班膦酸钠配合放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疗效明显,起效加快。     

伊班膦酸钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的临床观察

目的临床分析伊班膦酸钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的疗效,并与帕米膦酸二钠比较。方法将84例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者随机分为伊班磷酸钠组44例和帕米膦酸二钠组40例。分别给予伊班膦酸钠6mg、帕米膦酸二钠30mg静脉滴注,每4周1次,2周期后评价疗效。结果伊班膦酸钠组和帕米膦酸二钠组骨转移癌痛有效率为81.8%和67.5%,血钙水平为（2.10±0.15）mmol/L和（2.64±0.16）mmol/L,2组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组在生活质量改善方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。且无明显不良反应。结论伊班膦酸钠在治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移中镇痛及降低血钙水平上优于帕米膦酸二钠,值得临床推广应用。     

伊班膦酸钠治疗癌症患者骨转移临床观察

目的 观察伊班膦酸钠治疗癌症晚期患者骨转移的临床疗效.方法 选择2008年1月至2011年3月我院癌症骨转移76例,随机分为观察组和对照组各38例.观察组静脉滴注伊班膦酸钠6mg,对照组静脉滴注帕米膦酸二钠30 mg,每四周治疗一次.结果 观察组止痛效果和高血钙疗效均明显优于对照组,有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组生活质量与对照组相比无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 伊班膦酸钠用于治疗骨转移止痛效果显著,有效降低血钙指标水平,且不良反应小.     

放疗联合依班膦酸钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛的临床观察

目的探讨放疗联合伊班膦酸钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛的疗效。方法研究组47例患者采用常规放疗结合伊班膦酸钠治疗方法,对照组42例患者采用常规放疗治疗方法。结果研究组止痛有效率为87.2%,对照组为66.7%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。止痛作用维持时间研究组为9～14个月,平均11.5±3.17个月,对照组为5～11个月,平均8.6±4.39个月,2组之间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。研究组生活质量提高有效率为61.5%,对照组为50.7%,2组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论放疗联合伊班膦酸钠治疗骨转移疼痛疗效确切、持续时间长和副反应轻等优点,值得在临床推广。     

伊班膦酸钠治疗中重度骨转移癌骨痛的疗效分析

目的 探讨伊班膦酸钠治疗骨转移癌骨痛的临床疗效.方法 伊班膦酸钠4mg溶于750ml生理盐水中缓慢静脉滴注(至少2h)4周1次,连续用3次,于3周期结束时评价疗效.结果 骨痛完全缓解25/42(59.52%),部分缓解10/42(23.81%),总有效率为35/42(83.33%);活动能力改善显效10/42(23.81%),有效19/42(45.24%),总有效率为29/42(69.05%);骨转移病灶完全缓解4/42(9.52%),部分缓解21/42(50.00%),总有效率为25/42(59.52%).结论 伊班膦酸钠治疗骨转移癌骨痛,止痛效果强,副作用小,值得临床推广应用.     

伊班膦酸钠治疗肺癌骨转移性疼痛的临床观察

目的:评价伊班膦酸钠治疗肺癌骨转移性骨痛的效果。方法:将48例肺癌骨转移骨痛的患者,采用随机方法,分为治疗(A)组:给予重酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液+顺铂注射液(NVB 25 mg·m-2 d1,8+DDP 25 mg·m-2d1-3)即(NP方案)+伊班膦酸钠4 mg;对照(B)组:采用NP方案;观察3个周期,评价止痛效果。结果:A组止痛总有效率为83.3%,B组止痛总有效率为41.7%。A组疗效明显优于B组。结论:伊班膦酸钠可有效治疗肺癌骨转移引起的疼痛,且不良反应小。     

伊班膦酸钠治疗肺癌骨转移疼痛的临床观察

目的：评价伊班膦酸钠治疗肺癌骨转移疼痛的疗效及安全性。方法：全组共26例患者，均应用伊班膦酸钠4mg稀释于0．9％氯化钠溶液或5％葡萄糖溶液500～750mL中，静脉滴注2h以上，每4周应用1次，2次后评价疗效。结果：有效率（CR＋PR）达73．1％（19／26），不良反应较轻。结论：伊班膦酸钠对肺癌骨转移引起的疼痛止痛效果强且不良反应轻，值得进一步研究。     

伊班膦酸钠治疗乳腺癌骨转移所致骨痛疗效分析

乳腺癌的发病率已居女性恶性肿瘤发病率的首位,已成为危害女性健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一,近些年来呈持续上升趋势。大部分患者在诊断乳腺癌时已属晚期。虽经过积极常规放疗、化疗、内分泌治疗等综合治疗,多数患者仍会复发和转移,尤其以骨转移较为多见,高达49％-60％。常规给予吗啡类镇痛治疗如长效吗啡控释片美施康定等是治疗疼痛的主要手段之一,但同样也会导致一些不良反应.     

Simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases of malignant solid tumours

Between January 1982 and June 1985, 105 patients with brain metastases of malignant solid tumours were treated in the Robert Janker Clinic. In order to optimize the overall response rates, concomitant radiotherapy and cytostatic chemotherapy was used. In most cases the primary tumour was located in the breast or the lung. Radiotherapy was performed with a Cobalt 60 equipment. The whole brain was irradiated in daily fractions of 15 Gy up to total dose of 45 Gy. Using a slit-course technique this dose was distributed to the three cycles of chemotherapy and given simultaneously, i.e. 15 Gy/ by course. The chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of ifosfamide daily for five days at 2g/m2 and the nitrosurea derivative carmustin (BCNU) at 30 mg/m2 on days 1, 3 and 5. After a free interval of four to five weeks the concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy was repeated twice. The tolerance of the treatment was generally good; no severe haematological or gastrointestinal complications occurred. There was a complete and permanent alopecia in all patients caused by the radiation. All patients received a cranial computerized axial tomographic scan prior to and after the treatment. According to the criteria of the International Union Against Cancer, there was a complete remission in 26 of the 105 patients and a partial remission in 49; 19 patients showed a stable disease. Only 12 of the 105 treated patients had a progression of their metastases. Only patients with partial or complete remissions after the treatment belong to the "long-term" survivors.     

Efficacy and safety of ibandronate in the treatment of neoplastic bone disease

Bone is an organ commonly involved in spreading neoplastic disease, especially in multiple myeloma and carcinoma of the breast, prostate and lung. Skeletal stabilisation and pain relief are the main treatment goals in metastatic bone disease. Bisphosphonate treatment inhibits osseous breakdown and is well-established as the current standard therapy for reducing complications of neoplastic bone disease (e.g., pain, fractures and hypercalcaemia). Ibandronate is a third-generation bisphosphonate that has recently been approved for the treatment of bone metastases caused by breast cancer. The oral and intravenous formulations of ibandronate appear to have comparable efficacy. Ibandronate has also been shown to provide significant and sustained relief from metastatic bone pain over 2 years of treatment, improving patient functioning and quality of life. With a favourable long-term safety profile and the added convenience and flexibility offered by its efficacious oral formulation, ibandronate represents a new therapeutic option for metastatic bone disease management.     

Efficacy and safety of ibandronate in the treatment of neoplastic bone disease

Bone is an organ commonly involved in spreading neoplastic disease, especially in multiple myeloma and carcinoma of the breast, prostate and lung. Skeletal stabilisation and pain relief are the main treatment goals in metastatic bone disease. Bisphosphonate treatment inhibits osseous breakdown and is well-established as the current standard therapy for reducing complications of neoplastic bone disease (e.g., pain, fractures and hypercalcaemia). Ibandronate is a third-generation bisphosphonate that has recently been approved for the treatment of bone metastases caused by breast cancer. The oral and intravenous formulations of ibandronate appear to have comparable efficacy. Ibandronate has also been shown to provide significant and sustained relief from metastatic bone pain over 2 years of treatment, improving patient functioning and quality of life. With a favourable long-term safety profile and the added convenience and flexibility offered by its efficacious oral formulation, ibandronate represents a new therapeutic option for metastatic bone disease management.     

Anti-tumor effect of local injectable hydrogel-loaded endostatin alone and in combination with radiotherapy for lung cancer

Endostatin (ES) can effectively inhibit neovascularization in most solid tumors and has the potential to make oxygen delivery more efficient and increase the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT). With a short half-life, ES is mainly administered systemically, which leads to low intake in tumor tissue and often toxic systemic side effects. In this study, we used hyaluronic acid-tyramine as a carrier to synthesize an ES-loaded hydrogel drug (ES/HA-Tyr) that can be injected locally. ES/HA-Tyr has a longer half-life and fewer systemic toxic side effects, and it exerts a better anti-angiogenic effect and anti-tumor effect with RT. In vitro, ES/HA-Tyr showed sustained release in the release assay and a stronger ability to inhibit the proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the MTT assay; it exhibited a more potent effect against HUVEC invasion and a stronger anti-angiogenic effect on HUVECs in tube formation. In vivo, ES/HA-Tyr increased local drug concentration, decreased blood drug concentration, and caused less systemic toxicity. Further, ES/HA-Tyr effectively reduced tumor microvessel density, increased tumor pericyte coverage, decreased tumor hypoxia, and increased RT response. ES/HA-Tyr + RT also had increased anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects in Lewis lung cancer (LLC) xenograft models. In conclusion, ES/HA-Tyr showed sustained release, lower systemic toxicity, and better anti-tumor effects than ES. In addition, ES/HA-Tyr + RT enhanced anti-angiogenic effects, reduced tumor hypoxia, and increased the efficacy of RT in LLC-bearing mice.     

唑来膦酸与放疗联合治疗对恶性肿瘤骨转移的效果观察

目的观察唑来膦酸与放疗联合对恶性肿瘤骨转移的治疗效果。方法选取我院患者从2010年2月至2012年1月所收治的恶性肿瘤骨转移患者55例作为临床研究对象,将所有患者随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,所有患者均使用西门子直线加速器6MV对骨转移的疼痛处进行姑息性放疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用唑来膦酸进行治疗。观察两组患者的镇痛效果、止痛起效时间和不良反应,以及治疗组治疗前后的血钙、血磷和血镁值。结果治疗组总有效率为96．4％,平均起效时间为（3．2±1．1）d;对照组总有效率为78．2％,止痛起效时间为（7_3±1．9）d。差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。治疗组患者主要出现发热、胃肠道不适、低血钙、蛋白尿和血清肌酐轻度升高。对照组患者则未发现明显不良反应。治疗组用药前后的血钙、血磷和血镁值差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论放疗联合唑来膦酸可以有效控制疼痛,同时保护并修复被破坏的骨质功能,改善患者生活质量,因此我们推荐这种联合治疗方式在临床当中使用。     

The effect of cannabidiol,alone and in combination with ethanol,on human performance

Fifteen volunteers received cannabidiol (CBD) (320 g/kg) or placebo (both orally, T₀), and 60 min later they consumed an ethanolic beverage (0.54 g/kg) or placebo. The effects were measured at T₁ (100 min after CBD ingestion), T₂ (160 min) and T₃ (220 min) using cognitive, perceptual and motor function tests. Factorial analysis indicated that test procedures could be adequately expressed by three rotated factors: A reaction speed factor (I), a standing steadiness factor (II) and a psychomotor coordination/cognitive factor (III). Ethanol produced a significant decrement in factor III. There was no demonstrable effect of CBD, either alone or in combination with ethanol. Neither CBD nor ethanol produced any significant effect on pulse rate. Prior administration of CBD did not significantly affect the blood ethanol levels. Whilst the subjects were able to identify correctly when they were given ethanol, they did not report any subjective effects of CBD.     

The effect of caffeine on human performance,alone and in combination with ethanol

The effect of caffeine (300 mg/70 kg) on cognitive, perceptual and motor functions was investigated both alone and in combination with ethanol (0.75 g/kg) in 68 healthy student volunteers of both sexes. A test battery consisting of standing steadiness, simple and complex reaction time, manual dexterity, numerical reasoning, perceptual speed and verbal fluency was used. Placebos for both drugs were included. Caffeine was administered in decaffeinated coffee immediately after finishing drinking the alcoholic beverage. A peak plasma ethanol concentration of 92 ± 4 mg/100 ml occurred at 40 min which was not modified by caffeine. Caffeine did not antagonise the ethanol-induced decrement in performance except in the reaction time tests. Caffeine alone caused a significant increase in body sway at 40 min.     

单纯放疗、热放疗与放化疗治疗食管癌的效果比较

目的：比较单纯放疗、热放疗与放化疗治疗食管癌的临床疗效。方法选择食管癌患者120例为研究对象,按数字表法随机分为单纯放疗组、热放疗组、放化疗组,每组40例,分别给予单纯放疗、热放疗和放化疗治疗。比较三组的治疗效果及不良反应。结果三组患者治疗过程中的主要毒性反应为消化系统不良反应、血液学毒性以及放射性食管炎等,三组毒性反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）;单纯放疗组、热放疗组、放化疗组总缓解率分别为52．5％、75．0％、85．0％,放化疗组总缓解率均高于单纯放疗组、热放疗组（χ2＝5．218、3．857,均 P ＜0．05）。结论不同方法治疗食管癌均能获得一定的治疗效果,但存在一定的不良反应;放化疗治疗食管癌较之单纯放疗和热放疗可以获得更好的效果。     

The role of gemcitabine alone and in combination in the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer, one of the most frequently reported gastrointestinal tumors, has a 5-year survival of less than 5%. Despite representing only 2-3% of the total cancer incidence, it is the fifth leading cause of cancer death. This is because it is commonly only diagnosed at an advanced stage. Until recently the traditional therapy for patients with advanced disease was palliative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. However, the novel antinucleoside gemcitabine (Gemzar) has demonstrated a survival benefit over 5-FU, and an improvement in disease-related symptoms and quality of life in patients with advanced disease. This review presents an overview of the clinical studies of gemcitabine, either alone or in combination, with other chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation therapy, in the treatment of these patients. A comparison of these studies is made with those using alternative treatment regimens. The data suggest that gemcitabine in combination with biomodulated 5-FU should be considered the standard palliative treatment to which other new drug combinations or combined modality chemoradiation regimens should be compared.