Computed tomography scan findings in refractory acute rhinosinusitis

Several sinonasal anatomical variants may be related to the etiology of acute rhinosinusitis. The same is true with intrusion of teeth into the maxillary sinus cavity. Patients with acute rhinosinusitis not responding to maximal medical treatment were prospectively enrolled. Deviation of the nasal septum towards the infected sinus may be associated with the pathogenesis of refractory acute rhinosinusitis. Intrusion of teeth into the maxillary sinus is a common finding and is not necessarily associated with the formation of sinusitis.     

非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断与手术治疗经验

目的探讨非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎的临床特征、诊断要点及手术治疗原则。方法对2000年1月—2006年2月本院的25例非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎(真菌性上颌窦炎18例,真菌性蝶窦炎7例)的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果25例中23例一次性治愈,随访1~6年无复发,1例非侵袭性真菌性蝶窦炎和1例非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎、筛窦炎分别于术后3月和1年后复发,经再次手术后完全治愈。结论对有深部头痛或一侧头痛患者伴有回吸性血痰等症状的鼻窦炎患者应进行详细的鼻内窥镜检查和鼻窦CT检查,手术中尽量扩大病变的蝶窦开口和上颌窦开口,手术后定期冲洗窦腔是防止复发的关键。     

真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床指标研究

 目的 探讨真菌性鼻窦炎最有诊断意义的临床指标.方法 对经我院病理确诊为真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎及来自同期收治的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎病例各75例, 按1∶ 1配对,进行回顾性对照研究.结果 回归分析显示,疼痛OR 40.700(1.327～1248.641)、钙化斑OR 663.951(9.489～46458.347)是真菌性鼻窦炎的特征性指标. 在有鼻中隔偏曲的病例中,真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎大多发生在鼻中隔偏曲的对侧(P=0.001).结论 对真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎的最具诊断意义的临床指标为疼痛及钙化斑 .     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔和鼻腔鼻窦联合手术的临床效果观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔和鼻腔鼻窦联合手术的临床效果。方法选取我院2009年3月～2011年3月收治的鼻中隔偏曲和鼻腔鼻窦患者90例,其中鼻中隔偏曲患者30例,鼻腔鼻窦患者30例,鼻中隔偏曲和鼻腔鼻窦兼有患者30例,分别分为鼻中隔组、鼻腔鼻窦组、联合组。对于鼻中隔组患者实施鼻镜下鼻中隔矫正手术,鼻腔鼻窦组患者依据患者情况实施鼻窦开放术、鼻息肉切除术及中、下鼻甲部分手术,联合组患者实施鼻中隔及鼻腔鼻窦联合手术,观察三组术后效果及术后并发症情况,并做好记录,将联合组患者情况分别与鼻中隔组、鼻腔鼻窦组进行对比分析得出统计学结论。结果 90例患者中治愈68例,好转17例,无效5例,其中联合组的治愈率、好转率、无效率与鼻中隔组、鼻腔鼻窦组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),联合组的总并发症发生率与其余两组分别相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于鼻中隔偏曲及鼻腔鼻窦炎兼有患者采取一次性鼻中隔及鼻腔鼻窦联合手术,患者的疗效没有降低,不增加术后并发症发生率。因此,本联合手术是一种安全可行的手术方法,减少了患者的痛苦,提高了手术效率。     

X-ray computed tomographic study of the ethmoid bone and middle meatus. III. Application to chronic infectious sinus pathology]

As nasal endoscopy, high resolution CT is a part of the chronic rhinosinusitis pre-operative assessment. It shows, thanks to a precise and anatomical study of the ethmoid and sinusal draining, the extension of the diseases and the local morphological variations which predispose to chronic diseases. The main aspects of chronic sinusitis, nasal polyposis and fungal maxillary sinus diseases are reported. The frequency of individual morphological variations and the mucosal changes due to a nasal cycle require a great care in the interpretation of the diseases.     

Acute sinusitis mimicking antrochoanal polyp

Three cases of antral sinusitis that presented in an unusual fashion are reported. In each case, the inflamed, swollen sinus mucosa became redundant and prolapsed into the nasal cavity through a widened sinus ostium, mimicking the findings of an antrochoanal polyp. The cases represent the first report in the radiographic literature of this unusual manifestation of maxillary sinusitis.     

鼻中隔偏曲与单侧上颌窦炎性病变的临床观察与CT图像处理

目的通过临床和CT图像观察了解鼻中隔偏曲与单侧上颌窦炎性病变的关系，探讨鼻中隔偏曲在慢性鼻窦炎发病中的作用。方法前瞻性、连续收集经鼻窦冠状位CT扫描证实的鼻中隔偏曲伴单侧上颌窦炎性病变（包括慢性上颌窦炎、上颌窦浆液性囊肿、上颌窦后鼻孔息肉和霉菌性上颌窦炎）患者56例，观察单侧上颌窦炎性病变与鼻中隔偏曲的关系。随机抽取10例患者的鼻窦冠状位CT图像，按Uygur法计算钩突所在平面两侧下鼻甲、钩突和中鼻甲的横断面积（以坐标纸格数表示）在各自鼻腔所占的百分数，并与10例正常对照（鼻中隔正直、无鼻窦病变）进行比较。结果56例患者中，单侧慢性上颌窦炎25例，上颌窦后鼻孔息肉9例，上颌窦浆液性囊肿5例，霉菌性上颌窦炎17例；病变位于鼻中隔偏曲鼻腔宽大侧35例（62．5％），狭窄侧21例（37．5％）。10例鼻中隔偏曲伴单侧上颌窦炎性病变患者下鼻甲、钩突和中鼻甲的横断面积在各自鼻腔所占的百分数在鼻腔宽侧为48．8％，窄侧为44．1％，两侧无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。10例正常对照下鼻甲、钩突和中鼻甲的横断面积在各自鼻腔所占的百分数为右侧40．1％，左侧39．8％，两侧无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论鼻中隔偏曲使鼻腔宽大侧发生单侧上颌窦炎性病变的机会大于鼻腔狭窄侧；临床处理上颌窦炎性病变的同时应矫正偏曲的鼻中隔，恢复鼻腔鼻窦正常的结构和功能，阻断鼻中隔偏曲造成的代偿失调。     

空勤人员鼻科疾病谱研究

目的 通过分析空勤人员鼻科疾病谱提出飞行人员鼻科疾病的防治建议.方法 对1966-2007年间住院的320名空勤人员的373例次鼻科疾病谱进行对比分析.结果 排在鼻科疾病谱前位的为慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉、鼻窦气压伤、鼻中隔偏曲、变应性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、鼻窦囊肿、急性鼻窦炎、鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤和鼻外伤等.飞行合格283人,暂时飞行不合格12人,飞行不合格25人.结论 飞行人员鼻科疾病较常见,且与气压伤的关系密切,应积极治疗Ⅰ类鼻腔鼻窦疾病(地面生活有症状),阻止其向地面生活无症状、飞行中出现鼻窦气压伤和(或)耳气压伤症状的Ⅱ类疾病转化.有效治疗Ⅱ类疾病是降低停飞率的重要措施. Abstract： Objective To suggest the protection of aircrews on the base of analyzing disease spectrum of nasal cavity and sinus. Methods The disease spectrum of nasal cavity and sinus was made by analyzing 373 cases of 320 aircrews who were hospitalized from 1966 to 2007. The medical evaluation was reviewed. Results The top diseases in spectrum were chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp, sinus barosinusitis, deviation of nasal septum, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, cyst in nasal sinus, acute sinusitis, tumor in nasal cavity and sinus, and nasal injuries. In medical evaluation, 283 aircrews were qualified for flying compared to 12 were temporarily grounded and 25 were permanently grounded. Conclusions The nasal cavity and sinus diseases are common in aircrews and usually character barosinusitis and (or) aural barotrauma. The type Ⅰ nasal cavity and sinus diseases (with symptoms on ground) should be treated in time to prevent their transition to type Ⅱ (no obvious symptoms on ground but with symptoms of sinus barosinusitis and (or) aural barotrauma in flight).Duly treating type Ⅱ nasal cavity and sinus diseases would be the effective measure for reducing aircrew's grounding rate.     

How does nose blowing effect the computed tomography of paranasal sinuses in chronic sinusitis?

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine whether inward or outward movement of the secretions in the paranasal sinuses due to nose blowing after nasal decongestion has any effect on the paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) images in patients with sinusitis and to asses whether nose blowing may result in misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis in radiological evaluation of sinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with chronic sinusitis were evaluated in an academic tertiary care hospital and data were collected prospectively. After coronal sinus computed tomography scans were performed at 100 mA setting which was half the value of the standard radiation dose suggested by the manufacturer, topical decongestion was applied to each nostril followed by nose blowing 10 min later. Sinus CT scans were then repeated at the same setting. We evaluated the mucosal thickness of medial, lateral, superior and inferior maxillary and frontal sinus walls and the maximal thickness in anterior ethmoidal cells. The measurements prior to and following nose blowing were compared with Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The obtained images were also staged using Lund-McKay staging system separately and the scores were compared with Student's t-test. RESULTS: We observed a tendency towards reduction in mucosal thickness after nose blowing. There were statistically significant differences between maxillary sinus inferior wall and frontal sinus inferior wall mucosal thickness values prior to and after nose blowing. The difference however was very small, about 0.5 mm in magnitude and Lund-McKay score did not change in any of the patients after nose blowing. CONCLUSION: Nose blowing and topical nasal decongestion does not have any effect on the diagnostic accuracy of sinus CT in chronic sinusitis patients.     

缩鼻黏膜药物在慢性鼻炎鼻窦炎性病变CT诊断中应用价值

目的进一步探讨缩鼻黏膜药物在慢性鼻炎鼻窦炎性病变CT诊断中应用价值。方法31例临床疑有鼻炎鼻窦炎患者均经CT冠状位扫描,层厚、层距5mm。首次扫描后,如鼻腔或鼻道有实变,在实变侧鼻孔滴入1％麻黄碱滴鼻液3-4滴,体位引流、擤出鼻涕。再行鼻窦扫描,体位、参数同前。CT表现按照改良法分为6型：Ⅰ型漏斗型,Ⅱ型鼻道窦口复合体型,Ⅲ型蝶筛隐窝型,Ⅳ型息肉型,Ⅴ型特发型,Ⅵ型混合型。结果31例中CT表现为：Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅴ型各3例,Ⅱ型8例,Ⅳ型5例,Ⅵ型4例。慢性鼻炎5例,伴有中下鼻甲肥大12例,鼻中隔偏曲9例,上颌窦黏膜下囊肿、右侧筛窦黏液囊肿、霉菌性上颌窦炎各2例。使用滴鼻液前,20例鼻腔或鼻道有分泌物影响观察。使用滴鼻液后,鼻腔、鼻甲黏膜收缩,分泌物排出,可明确判定有无息肉存在。2例用药前后扫捕分型改变。9例用药前后扫描无明显变化。结论在慢性鼻炎鼻窦炎性病变CT扫描前给予缩鼻黏膜药物,使分泌物排出、黏膜收缩,有助于息肉的显示。     

鼻窦内镜手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎

目的：探讨鼻窦内镜下治疗儿童鼻窦炎的手术疗效及相关影响因素.方法：回顾性分析经鼻窦内镜下手术治疗的病例25例儿童鼻窦炎的临床资料.结果：随访半年至一年,按照海口会议1997鼻窦内镜手术标准进行评定,治愈20例,好转3例,无效2例.总有效率为92%.术后无1例出现严重并发症,术后主要并发症为术腔粘连.结论：鼻窦内镜下手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎是一种理想的方式,术后定期随访和综合治疗影响手术远期疗效.     

Effect of topical administration of beclomethasone dipropionate on symptoms of chronic rhinitis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical administration of corticosteroid beclomethasone dipropionate on common nasal symptoms in moderate allergic and non-allergic hyperreactive eosinophilic rhinitis, and in allergic and non-allergic hyperreactive eosinophilic rhinitis associated with bilateral moderate nasal polyposis. The study was prospective and controlled. During the study 106 patients were examined, out of whom 66 were treated, while 40 had no therapy. Beclomethasone diproprionate nasal spray was administered in the daily dose of 400 micrograms. Patients with isolated rhinitis underwent 3 otorhinolaryngologic examinations during the six-week treatment. Patients with nasal polyposis underwent 4 otorhinolaryngologic examinations during six-month treatment. One-week therapy showed highly significant decrease of the average score of symptoms of isolated rhinitis in relation to basal condition. No further significant change was noted after six-week therapy. Six-week therapy of nasal polyposis exerted significantly reduced score of symptoms in relation to basic condition. During further treatment no significant reduction of symptoms was noted. Follow-up period of all control subgroups showed no significant change of symptom scores. Topical therapy with beclomethasone dipropionate represented a significant medication of the first therapeutic line in moderate isolated eosinophilic rhinitis, as well as in moderate bilateral eosinophilic nasal polyposis.     

鼻内窥镜在鼻中隔粘膜下切除术中的应用

目的　探讨鼻内窥镜技术行鼻中隔粘膜下切除的优缺点 ,改进鼻腔填塞材料。方法　 1995年以来在鼻内窥镜下行鼻中隔粘膜下切除术 390例 ,其中单纯鼻中隔偏曲 2 6 8例 ,鼻中隔偏曲合并鼻窦炎、鼻息肉 12 2例 ,单纯鼻中隔切除术后填塞硅胶套 +海绵 ,其余填塞凡士林纱条。结果　 390例均取得满意的鼻腔通气效果 ,无一例发生鼻中隔穿孔、血肿等手术并发症。结论　与传统的Killian手术相比较 ,鼻内窥镜技术属于亚显微手术 ,具有操作精细、灵活简便、损伤小、出血少、安全、切口无须缝合等特点 ,改进了的术后鼻腔填塞物 ,明显优于传统手术。     

内镜治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉临床疗效分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的临床效果。方法回顾分析经鼻内镜手术治疗的60例慢性鼻息肉的临床资料。结果患者均经鼻内镜手术治疗,随访6个月-2年,未见复发及明显并发症发生。结论鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉具有损伤小、并发症少、疗效好等优点,值得推广。     

运输机飞行员副鼻窦炎经鼻腔内窥镜手术后放飞一例（摘要）

目的评价运输机飞行员副鼻窦炎经鼻腔内窥镜手术的疗效及医学鉴定。方法某部运输机空中领航员,37岁,飞行3700h。反复头昏头痛8个月,副鼻窦CT检查示：右额窦、筛窦、上颌窭高密度影,病变为炎症。先保守治疗无效,继后在表面麻醉＋局麻下行鼻内窥镜右侧上颌窦鼻内开窗、病变清除及前组筛窦、额窦开放术。清除物病理结果为鼻粘膜慢性炎变伴息肉样变。     

鼻腔鼻窦病变CT扫描与鼻内窥镜检查的对照观察

目的　比较CT和鼻内窥镜 (nasalendoscope ,NE)对鼻腔和鼻窦病变的诊断价值 ,为临床诊断提供理论依据。方法　收集80例同一时期内具有鼻腔鼻窦区CT和鼻内窥镜检查结果 ,并得到病理证实的病例 ,对两者进行对照分析。结果　CT、NE的检查结果与病理结果对照 ,鼻窦炎、鼻窦肿瘤诊断正确率相似 ,鼻腔、鼻窦息肉、鼻腔肿瘤、鼻甲肥大NE诊断正确率高于CT ,副鼻窦体的解剖变异、鼻窦囊肿CT高于NE。结论　NE可以了解病变的形状、质地、颜色 ,并可在镜下活检 ,有助于病变的定性。CT可以了解病变的大小、形状和病变与邻近解剖结构的关系 ,两者互补可更全面诊断病变     

Sinonasal polyposis: investigation by direct coronal CT

To demonstrate the typical clinical and CT features of sinonasal polyposis, we reviewed the clinical records and preoperativ direct coronal CT scans of 35 patients with surgically proven disease. Symptoms included progressive nasal stuffiness (100%), rhinorrhea (69%), facial pain (60%), headache (43%) and anosmia (17%). We found associations with rhinitis (46%), asthma (29%) and aspirin sensitivity (9%). Coronal CT features included polypoid masses in the nasal cavity (91%), partial or complete pansinus opacification (90%), enlargement of infundibula (89%), bony attenuation of the ethmoid trabeculae (63%) and nasal septum (37%), opacified ethmoid sinuses with convex lateral walls (51%) and air-fluid levels (43%). The latter feature correlated with symptoms and signs of acute sinusitis in only 40% of patients. Recognition of sinonasal polyposis is important to the endoscopic surgeon since it can be the most troubling sinonasal inflammatory disease to manage due to its aggressive nature and tendency to recur despite appropriate treatment.     

鼻息肉的CT表现与诊断价值

目的：总结分析鼻息肉的CT表现特点,评价CT扫描对鼻息肉的诊断价值。方法：97例均行轴位及冠状位扫描,其中轴位24例,冠状位73例,全部病例经鼻内窥镜手术及病理证实。结果：97例中双侧发病72例,单侧发病25例。鼻息肉主要发生在筛窦及中鼻道,部分累及上颌窦及下鼻道,在CT断面上表现为鼻腔内息肉样肿块,均合并不同程度的鼻窦炎,冠状位CT扫描比轴位显示清楚。结论：鼻息肉在CT断面上有比较特征性的表现,诊断明确,冠状位能提供与功能鼻内窥镜手术方位一致的解剖层面,能清楚显示鼻道解剖结构和病变特点,对指导纤维内窥镜手术进路及防止并发症有重要指导意义。     

飞行人员年度体检和特殊体检鼻窦炎和鼻窦囊肿的比较分析

目的比较飞行人员年度体检（又称大体检）和特殊体检（如航天员临床医学选拔）鼻窦炎和鼻窦囊肿的特点,为规范飞行人员鼻科体检方法提供依据。方法回顾分析9312名飞行人员疗养大体检（大体检组）、151名飞行员特殊体检（特殊体检组）的鼻科体检资料。大体检时依据病史行鼻镜检查,必要时行鼻窦数字化摄影（digital radiography,DR）检查;特殊体检鼻科体检时,全部行鼻窦CT扫描。对两组人员患鼻窦炎和鼻窦囊肿的资料进行对比分析。结果①大体检组飞行人员中,鼻窦炎170例,占1．8％（170／9312）;需要治疗者90例,占1．0％（90／9312）。特殊体检组飞行员中,鼻窦炎22例,占14．6％（22／151）;需要治疗者2例,占1．3％（2／151）。②大体检组飞行人员中,鼻窦囊肿112例,占1．2％（112／9312）;特殊体检组飞行员中,鼻窦囊肿18例,占11．9％（18／151）,囊肿均无需治疗。③大体检组鼻窦炎、鼻窦囊肿的检出率均低于特殊体检组（X^2-120．11、125．98,P〈0．01）;但鼻窦炎需要治疗者,两组所占比例没有显著差异。结论飞行人员疗养大体检鼻科检查时,依据病史行鼻镜和鼻内镜检查,必要时行鼻窦X线、CT等影像学检查可满足诊断需求;但特殊体检鼻科检查时,应全部行鼻窦CT扫描,才能满足诊断和医学鉴定需求。     

原发鼻腔恶性黑色素瘤11例临床分析

目的观察鼻腔原发性恶性黑色素瘤的临床特点,以帮助临床诊断和治疗。方法对1992—2007年12月间诊治的鼻腔原发性恶性黑色素瘤11例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 11例中,肿瘤多位于鼻腔外侧壁和鼻中隔,其中中鼻道5例,鼻中隔4例,中鼻甲1例,下鼻甲1例,肿瘤呈黑色或紫褐色8例,呈结节状或菜花状,淡红色表面光滑如息肉状3例;肿瘤触之易出血。结论本病临床少见,易误诊,应与鼻腔癌、血管瘤、鼻息肉相鉴别。对鼻腔发现的黑色或紫褐色肿物,触之易出血者可作该病的临床诊断,而不必取活检,以免促进肿瘤转移。