唇腭裂新生儿听力检测

目的 分析唇腭裂新生儿瞬态声诱发耳声发射、鼓室图以及听性脑干反应(ABR)的特点,以探讨相关听力学检查对这类新生儿的临床应用价值.方法 采用瞬态声诱发耳声发射(transiently evoked otoacoustic emission,TEOAE)及鼓室图测试,对23例（46耳）唇腭裂新生儿进行新生儿听力筛查,初筛...     

三组新生儿的诱发性耳声发射的检测分析

目的　研究新生儿的畸变产物耳声发射 (DPOAE)和瞬态诱发耳声发射 (TEOAE)的特点 ,评价其在新生儿听力筛选中的作用。方法　应用Capella耳声发射分析仪对正常新生儿组、剖腹产儿组、新生儿监护病房组三组新生儿进行DPOAE、TEOAE检测。结果　得出正常新生儿的诱发性耳声发射 (EOAE)的正常参考值和正常新生儿的DPOAE图 ;三组新生儿EOAE筛查的通过率分别为 96.1% (12 3 / 12 8)、90 .8% (10 9/ 12 0 )、81.6% (93 /114 ) ,其中新生儿监护病房组的通过率与前两组比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;各组间DPOAE与TEOAE的筛查通过率差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;正常新生儿与剖腹产儿的DPOAE的幅值和信噪比差异无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5)。结论　在病房内 (非隔音 )进行听力筛选时 ,可明显降低假阳性率 ;剖腹产因素对新生儿耳声发射未见影响 ;对高危新生儿进行听力筛选更有意义     

高危新生儿TEOAE和AABR听力筛查分析

目的探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射(transientlyevokedotoacousticemission,TEOAE)和自动听性脑干反应(autoauditorybrainstemresponse,AABR)在高危新生儿听力筛查中的作用。方法运用TEOAE和AABR对NICU住院的178例高危新生儿进行听力筛查,可疑患儿通过ABR及40Hz听觉相关电位(40Hzauditoryeventrelatedpotential,40Hz-AERP)进行确诊。结果已确诊的听力损伤患儿7例(8耳)中,TEOAE和AABR均未通过2耳,TEOAE通过AABR未通过4耳,AABR通过TEOAE未通过2耳。结论TEOAE和AABR联合运用于高危新生儿,更有利于听力损伤的早期发现。     

瞬态诱发耳声发射用于黄疸新生儿的听力筛查

目的：探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射（transient evoked otoacoustic emission,TEOAE)应用于新生儿黄疸听力筛查的可行性及临床意义。方法：采用前瞻性队列研究的方法对新生儿病房277例黄疸新生儿及50例健康新生儿应用CELESTA503耳声发射仪进行TEOAE检测，出院前和3个月后复查。结果：初查时黄疸新生儿TEOAE通过率为64．23％，健康新生儿TEOAE通过率为96％，两组检出率经统计学分析，有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。第一次复查黄疸新生儿TEOAE通过率为88％，第二次复查黄疸新生儿TEOAE通过率为100％。结论：TEOAE是快速可行的高危新生儿听力筛查方法；新生儿测试耳TEOAE的通过率与黄疸严重程度有关；黄疸对耳蜗的影响是可逆的。     

新生儿耳声发射的检出率

目的：了解瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)在新生儿中的检出率。方法：用ILO-92耳声发射仪对2596例新生儿进行测试。根据出生天数分成3组：第1组测试在新生儿出生后第1天;第2组测试在新生儿出生后第2天;第3组测试在新生儿出生后第3天。如果未检出TEOAE,将在新生儿出院前(出生后第4～5天)复检;仍未检出者,3个月后随访进行第3次TEOAE测试。结果：第1、2、3组的TEOAE检出率分别为88．1％、95．1％、95．6％。结论：对新生儿进行测试最好选在出生后第3天及以后进行;新生儿出生后第4～5天TEOAE测试阴性可以作为新生儿未来患中耳积液的高危因素。     

正常出生新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射与畸变产物耳声发射听力筛查结果比较

目的 探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emissions,TEOAE)和畸变产物耳声发射(distortion products otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE)用于新生儿听力筛查特点,为正常出生新生儿听力筛查方法的选择提供参考.方法 于出生后48~72小时,对1 062例正常出生的新生儿分别使用TEOAE和DPOAE进行听力初筛,其中135例未通过初筛者,在42天龄左右,同时进行TEOAE和DPOAE复筛;复筛未通过者3月龄左右进行诊断型听性脑干反应测试. 结果 1 062例新生儿中TEOAE初筛未通过率为11.02%(117/1 062),DPOAE未通过率为13.65%(145/1 062);135例进行了复筛,TEOAE和DPOAE未通过率分别为17.78%(24/135)和20.74%(28/135),DPOAE初、复筛未通过率均高于TEOAE,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);TEOAE和DPOAE在初筛和复筛中的一致率分别为96.04%和95.56%,kappa值分别为0.817和0.857.在初筛中TEOAE每耳的平均测试时间为24±25 s,DPOAE为40±34 s;在复筛中TEOAE为52±41 s,DPOAE为73±62 s,配对样本t检验显示两种方法的测试时间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).复筛的135例中,共有7例(10耳)最终被诊断为不同程度的传导性听力损失(9耳)及感音神经性听力损失(1耳),这10耳TEOAE和DPOAE初、复筛均未通过. 结论 作为正常出生新生儿的听力筛查方法,TEOAE较DPOAE未通过率低,耗时少;作为新生儿听力筛查工具,TEOAE可能比DPOAE有优势.     

TEOAE与AABR在高危新生儿听力筛查中的联合应用

目的探讨联合应用瞬态诱发性耳声发射(TEOAE)和自动听性脑干反应(AABR)在高危新生儿听力筛查中的应用。方法对新生儿科NICU高危新生儿200例（400耳）,运用AccuScreen听力筛查仪,同时进行TEOAE和AABR联合听力筛查,根据TEOAE初次筛查结果通过与否,分为双耳TEOAE初筛均未通过组(A组)和双耳TEOAE初筛均通过组（B组）,共2组,每组100例（200耳）,其中3个月时任何一项检查未通过者均在患儿6个月时进行听性脑干反应、声导抗测试等诊断性检查。结果A组：3个月时TEOAE未通过12例（22耳）,AABR未通过2例（2耳）,联合筛查未通过22例。6月龄时确诊1例（2耳）分泌性中耳炎,该两耳均为3次TEOAE筛查未通过、AABR筛查通过者,本组高危新生儿听力损伤现患率为1.7%（2/120）;B组：3个月时TEOAE未通过2例（2耳）,AABR未通过5例（5耳）,联合筛查未通过5例（5耳）。6月龄时确诊2例（2耳）诊断为蜗后性耳聋,该两耳均为3次AABR筛查未通过、TEOAE筛查通过者,本组高危新生儿听力损伤现患率为1.4%（2/146）,每组在定期复筛时均有部分失诊患儿。结论通过TEOAE和AABR联合筛查,可以检出中耳、蜗性及蜗后听损伤,证实了TEOAE和AABR是听力筛查的有效组合方式,AABR和TEOAE联合筛查应用可以优势互补,降低漏诊、误诊率。     

1469例新生儿TEOAE与AABR听力筛查结果分析

目的 评价瞬态声诱发耳声发射(transient otoacoustic emission,TEOAE)与自动判别听性脑干反应(auto-auditory brainstem-respons,AABR)在新生儿听力复筛中联合使用的必要性及可靠性.方法 对1469例新生儿,初筛采用TEOAE,复筛采用TEOAE和AABR联合筛查.应用SPSS11.0软件对TEOAE和AABR联合筛查的相关性及差异性进行分析.结果 1469例新生儿中,1374例TEOAE初筛通过者,复筛时TEOAE和AABR均通过1351例,均未通过5例,TEOAE未通过16例,AABR未通过2例,TEOAE和AABR的相关性和差异性分析均有统计学意义(P<0.001,P=0.0010);95例TEOAE初筛未通过者,复筛时TEOAE和AABR均通过69例,均未通过11例,TEOAE未通过14例,AABR未通过1例,TEOAE和AABR的相关性分析和差异性分析均有统计学意义(P<0.001,P=0.0008).最终确诊4例感音神经性听力下降,1例传导性听力下降.结论 在对新生儿进行听力筛查时,初筛应用TEOAE,复筛应用TEOAE和AABR联合筛查方案可有效减少漏诊和误诊.     

新生儿自发性耳声发射与瞬态诱发性耳声发射的相关性

目的分析自发性耳声发射（spontaneous otoacoustic emission,SOAE）与瞬态诱发性耳声发射（transient evoked otoacoustic emission,TEOAE）之间的相关性。方法新生儿112例（224耳）,其中女59例,男53例,出生后2～4天内行SOAE及TEOAE检测。结果每耳SOAE信号峰数量与其TEOAE强度相关（r=0.43,P〈0.001）。每耳最大SOAE波幅与其TEOAE强度相关（r=0.49,P〈0.001）。不同耳依据其SOAE信号峰数量将其分为4组：I组无SOAE信号峰;II组为单SOAE信号峰;III组为2～3个SOAE信号峰;IV组为3个以上信号峰。I组TEOAE强度为（10.96±3.77）dBSPL,II组（12.87±3.27）dBSPL,III组（15.61±3.23）dBSPL,IV组（17.100±4.51）dBSPL,各组间的TEOAE强度差异均具有统计学意义。II组SOAE最大强度（-13.54±9.21）dBSPL,III组（-4.56±7.22）dBSPL,IV组（1.00±7.35）dBSPL,各组间最大SOAE波幅差异具有统计学意义。结论SOAE信号峰数量、最大SOAE波幅与TEOAE强度之间存在正相关关系,SOAE信号峰越多,最大SOAE波幅也越强,同时TEOAE强度也越强。     

基层医院新生儿听力筛查方法与评定标准的建立

目的 :探讨新生儿听力筛查的最佳方法与相关标准。方法 :应用Cepella耳声发射仪对 12 77例(2 5 5 4耳 )新生儿作瞬态诱发耳声发射 (TEOAE)测试。以 4个频带中 3个频带信噪比≥ 3dB为通过标准。结果 :通过率为 89.4%,测试时间以产后 2d以上为佳。结论 :TEOAE是新生儿听力筛查的首选方法 ,频带信噪比≥ 3dB为最适当的筛查标准。     

新生儿与成人瞬态诱发耳声发射差异的频谱特性分析

目的 比较新生儿与成人瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)的差异,并分析其频谱特性.方法 以短声刺激分别对120名通过听力筛查的新生儿(男58,女62)和32名平均纯音听阈(听力级)在20 dB以内的成年人(男15,女17)行TEOAE检测,对于测试结果 行频谱分析和半倍频程分析.结果 ①新生儿组TEOAE总强度(声压级,下同)为(15.18±4.39)dB,高于成人组的(9.51±4.12)dB,差异具有统计学意义(t=9.303,P<0.05).②新生儿的频带重复率、频带重复率非0比例、频带信噪比检出率及频带信噪比在第1频带(0.8 kHz)最低,在3.2 kHz最大;而成人在第5频带(4.0 kHz)处最低,在1.5 kHz最大.③新生儿与成人最大频带信噪比强度差为7.09 dB,二者出现的频率位置相差约1.7 kHz.④半倍频程分析显示新生儿TEOAE最大能量为(10.50±5.09)dB,在2828 Hz处,而成人为(2.84±5.33)dB,在1414 Hz处;二者最大反应在强度上相差7.66 dB,出现的频率位置相差1414 Hz.⑤成人1.5 kHz区的TEOAE信号最强,之后其信噪比随频带增高而降低,而新生儿信噪比却呈现随频带增高而增强的特征;从第1频带到第5频带,新生儿与成人TEOAE强度的差值随频带增高也逐渐增大.结论 成人TEOAE总强度低于新生儿.新生儿频带信噪比及半倍频程能量反应峰的分布频率及反应强度均高于成人.     

新生儿与成人瞬态诱发耳声发射性别差异的比较

目的探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)的性别差异在新生儿与成人之间的变化。方法以短声刺激分别对120名(女62,男58)通过听力筛查的新生儿及53名(男26,女27)纯音听阈正常的青年成人行TEOAE检测,对两组TEOAE强度及频带信噪比(SNR)的性别差异进行分析。结果①成人组TEOAE强度性别差异(2.41dB)明显高于新生儿(0.99dB)。②新生儿SNR除1kHz男婴高于女婴外,其余频带均为女婴高于男婴,且SNR的性别差异随频率增加而增大,在3、4kHz差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。成人不同频带SNR均为女性高于男性,除3kHz外也呈现随频率增加而增大的特征,在2、4kHz差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TEOAE总强度的性别差异随年龄增加而增大,且新生儿及成人频带SNR的性别差异均随频率增加而增大,成人低频区SNR的性别差异较新生儿更明显。     

Identification of neonatal hearing impairment: transient evoked otoacoustic emissions during the perinatal period

OBJECTIVES: 1) To describe transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) levels, noise levels and signal to noise ratios (SNRs) for a range of frequency bands in three groups of neonates who were tested as a part of the Identification of Neonatal Hearing Impairment multi-center consortium project. 2) To describe the relations between these TEOAE measurements and age, test environment, baby state, and test time. DESIGN: TEOAEs were measured in 4478 graduates of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), 353 well babies with at least one risk indicator, and 2348 well babies without risk factors. TEOAE and noise levels were measured for frequency bands centered at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 kHz for a click stimulus level of 80 dB SPL. For those ears not meeting "passing" stopping criteria at 80 dB pSPL, a level of 86 dB pSPL was included. Measurement-based stopping rules were used such that a test did not terminate unless the response revealed a criterion SNR in four out of five frequency bands or no response occurred after a preset number of averages. Baby state, test environment, and other test factors were captured at the time of test. RESULTS: TEOAE levels, noise levels and SNRs were similar for NICU graduates, well babies with risk factors and well babies without risk factors. There were no consistent differences in response quality as a function of test environment, i.e., private room, unit, open crib, nonworking isolette, or working isolette. Noise level varied little across risk group, test environment, or infant state other than crying, suggesting that the primary source of noise in TEOAE measurements is infant noise. The most significant effect on response quality was center frequency. Responses were difficult to measure in the half-octave band centered at 1.0 kHz, compared with higher frequencies. Reliable responses were measured routinely at frequencies of 1.5 kHz and higher. CONCLUSIONS: TEOAEs are easily measured in both NICU graduates and well babies with and without risk factors for hearing loss in a wide variety of test environments. Given the difficulties encountered in making reliable measurements for a frequency band centered at 1.0 kHz, its inclusion in a screening program may not be justified.     

Assessment of the medial olivocochlear efferent system in children. pure tone 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz suppressive effects on transient evoked otoacoustic emission

The role of medial efferent system in regulating outer hair cell function has been studied by many investigators. Usually narrow band noise or white noise as contralateral stimulation (CS) suppressors have been used and changes in OAE amplitudes estimated. Thirty children aged 6-15 years (mean 12.5 +/- 4.7), without any changes in tonal and impedance audiometry and with negative history regarding otiatric diseases were examined. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) were recorded using ILO 92 Otodynamics Analyser. CS was performed using 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz continuous pure tones of 30 dB SL or 50 dB SL. Effects of CS on TEOAE evoked by click of 80, 70 and 60 dB SPL were investigated. TEOAE analysis included assessment of TEOAE amplitude of half octave frequency bandwidth (HOFBW-1.0; HOFBW-1.5; HOFBW-2.0; HOFBW-3.0 and HOFBW-4.0 kHz) and 0.8 kHz frequency bandwidth (0.8-FBW) amplitudes centred at 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 kHz. TEOAE amplitude recorded for stimuli 80, 70 and 60 dB SPL without CS decreased: mean values respectively 6.1 +/- 4.2; 5.4 +/- 4.5 and 3.3 dB SPL +/- 4.3. CS effect on TEOAE was observed for all CS options, however, larger suppressive effect was recorded on TEOAE elicited by 70 dB SPL stimulus using 1 kHz/50 dB SL tone as a suppressor and on TEOAE elicited by 60 dB SPL stimulus using 2 kHz/50 dB SL tone as a suppressor. HOFBW and 0.8-FBW analyses showed the association between the frequency/intensity of the suppressors and decreasing of amplitudes of adequate frequency bands. It is concluded that the described method of investigating of the medial olivocochlear efferent system seems to be sensitive and confirms frequency-dependent suppressive effect on OAE.     

瞬态诱发耳声发射检测职业性听力损伤的可行性研究

目的 :探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射 (TEOAE)检测职业性听力损伤的可行性及临床应用价值。方法 :选择 90例 (180耳 )噪声暴露工人为实验总组 ,按噪声暴露时间长短又分为 1、2、3组 ;另选 11例 (2 2耳 )正常听力青年人作为对照组 ,行纯音听阈和TEOAE测试。结果 :各实验组纯音听阈值明显高于对照组 ,TEOAE总重复率、幅值和信噪比及各频段重复率、幅值和信噪比明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。实验 1、2、3组间比较 ,随着噪声接触时间的增加 ,各频率点纯音听阈提高 ,TEOAE总重复率、幅值和信噪比及各频段重复率、幅值和信噪比变小 ,在 2 .5 0～ 3.5 0kHz和 3.5 0～ 4 .5 0kHz频段最明显。结论 :用TEOAE检测职业性听力损伤是可行的 ,有临床应用价值 ,最敏感频段为 2 .5 0～ 3.5 0kHz和 3.5 0～ 4 .5 0kHz频段。     

纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者诱发性耳声发射分析

目的:对纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者进行诱发性耳声发射分析,以早期发现这些患者的耳蜗损害.方法:采用丹麦Madsen公司Capella耳声发射仪对纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者43例(72耳,耳闷组)及正常人30例(60耳,对照组)分别进行TEOAE及DPOAE检测,记录和分析各频率DPOAE的检出率、幅值,TEOAE的通过率、反应波信噪比、波形重复性及各频带反应波信噪比和重复性.结果:①DPOAE检出率仅在0.50、0.75 kHz两频点上耳闷组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),其余各频率点差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②TEOAE通过率对照组为100%,耳闷组为90.28%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(X2=6.16,P＜0.05);③与对照组相比,纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者各频率DPOAE的幅值、TEOAE的反应波信噪比、波形重复性及各频带反应波信噪比和重复性均降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:部分纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者已存在耳蜗外毛细胞的损害,利用诱发性耳声发射的方法可在其听力损失出现之前早期发现此类病变.     

Contralateral suppression of TEOAE in diabetic children. Effects of 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz pure tone stimulation--preliminary study

The medial efferent system and its regulating outer hair cell function have not been previously studied in diabetic children. In this study, the group comprised 32 diabetic children, aged 6.0-16.0 years, with diabetes lasting 2.0-9.0 years, with normal tonal and impedance audiometry. A control group consisted of 30 healthy children with similar age and sex distribution. Contralateral stimulation (CS) was performed using 1.0 and 2.0 kHz pure tones on the level of 30 and 50 dB SL. Effects of CS on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) elicited by click of a level equal to 70 and 60 dB SPL were investigated. Analysis included assessment of TEOAE amplitude and 0.8 kHz frequency bandwidth (0.8-FBW) amplitudes (signal/noise) centred at 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0 kHz. TEOAE-RA recorded for stimulus 80, 70 and 60 dB SPL without CS were decreasing: average values respectively 7.3, 4.7 and 3.9 dB SPL. In the group of diabetic children TEOAE amplitudes, recorded for different click levels without CS, were similar to these recorded in healthy children. It suggested that normal function of the cochlea was preserved, mostly outer hair cells. However, the obtained effects of CS, in comparison with healthy children, were weaker and not so regular. Statistical analysis revealed that the reduction of TEOAE amplitudes for adequate 0.8-FBW in the control group was significantly higher, for both 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz CPTs of 30 dB SL and 50dB SL, in comparison with diabetic children. It is concluded that the suppressive effect on OAE in diabetic children is rather weak and seems to be associated with pathological changes in medial olivo-cochlear myelinated fibres.     

间隔标记信号带宽和强度对豚鼠下丘间隔反应的影响

目的探讨间隔检测中间隔标记信号的带宽和强度对豚鼠下丘间隔反应阈值的影响。方法经豚鼠下丘埋植金属电极，记录4种带宽间隔标记信号和3个强度下的间隔反应，得出间隔阈值。结果与以往行为实验结果类似，相同声音强度下，豚鼠下丘的间隔反应阈值随着间隔标记信号带宽的增加而下降。例如在85dBSPL时，0．5～8kHz，0．5～16kHz及0．5～32kHz带宽下的间隔反应阈值分别为1．35±0．32ms，1．33±0．33ms及1．17±0．44ms。但是在最高频段（16～32kHz）和线性等带宽低频段（0．5～16kHz），间隔反应阈值未见显著差异，提示高频段的时间分辨可能与低频段相当。相同间隔标记带宽下，声音强度愈低，间隔反应阈值愈大；但仅在最低频段（0．5～8kHz）声音强度效应具有显著性意义。结论豚鼠下丘的间隔反应阈值主要决定于间隔标记信号的总带宽而非频带位置；信号强度也对该阈值有一定影响。     

The role of the stapedius reflex in poststimulatory auditory fatigue.

The human ear is very resistant against noise-induced damage in the low frequency range. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the stapedium reflex is of any importance for this resistance. Subjects with peripheral facial palsy (Bell's palsy) including unilateral stapedius muscle paralysis were exposed to several different levels of narrow band noise centered at 0.5 and 2.0 kHz. Temporary threshold shift (TTS) at 0.75 kHz was significantly higher in the affected than in the nonaffected ear after 0.5 kHz noise at and above 110 dB SPL. After the exposure with 2.0 kHz narrow band noise there was no difference in TTS at 3.0 kHz between the affected and nonaffected ear. It is concluded that the attenuation provided by the stapedius reflex reduces TTS after low frequency noise exposure. An implication is that the stapedius reflex also may have the function of protecting the ear from hearing damage caused by low frequency noise exposure.