丹皮酚脂质体凝胶的制备及其透皮作用

目的研究丹皮酚(paeonol,PAE)脂质体凝胶制备及其体外透皮扩散。方法采用乙醇注入法制备PAE脂质体凝胶并对其物理特性进行研究;同时,采用Franz扩散池以大鼠皮肤进行体外经皮渗透实验,考察PAE脂质体凝胶的经皮渗透行为及皮内滞留药物量。结果制备的PAE脂质体凝胶包封率为78.62%,平均粒径为337 nm。体外经皮渗透实验表明,与PAE凝胶相比,其脂质体凝胶24 h内的累积渗透量为84.61μg/cm2,根据渗透动力学回归方程PAE脂质体凝胶累积渗透速度18.738μg/(cm2·h),透皮速率较慢;PAE脂质体凝胶、普通凝胶在凝胶内残留溶液浓度分别为2.550μg/ml、5.239μg/ml;PAE脂质体凝胶、普通凝胶在大鼠皮肤内残留溶液浓度分别为37.98μg/ml、17.99μg/ml,皮肤中药物滞留量明显增加。结论 PAE脂质体凝胶释放速率减慢,药物蓄积于皮肤内增多,对于治疗疾病有较多的释药量,达到长效持久抗炎效果,同时有利于避免丹皮酚因全身吸收而引起的副作用,可作为PAE临床应用的新剂型。     

熊果酸纳米混悬凝胶剂的制备及其体外透皮研究

目的 制备熊果酸纳米混悬凝胶剂(UA-NS-gel),并考察其体外透皮性能.方法 采用反溶剂沉淀联合高压均质法制备UA-NS,再以卡波姆940为基质制成凝胶剂(UA-NS-gel);采用Franz扩散池法进行体外透皮试验,比较UA-NS-gel和熊果酸凝胶剂(UA-gel)的体外经皮渗透量及滞留量.结果 UA-NS-gel 24 h药物经皮渗透量为(104.40±6.48)μg/cm2,明显高于UA-gel的(28.56±2.16)μg/cm2 (P<0.01);UA-NS-gel皮肤滞留量为(138.08±19.39)μg/cm2,高于UA-gel的(70.51±14.77)μg/cm2 (P<0.05).结论 将熊果酸制成纳米混悬凝胶剂,能够有效地增加药物的皮肤渗透性能和皮肤的滞留量.     

透皮吸收促进剂对甲氧沙林脂质体凝胶体外透皮作用的影响

目的考察透皮吸收促进剂对甲氧沙林脂质体(LMOP)凝胶体外透皮作用的影响。方法分别制备无透皮促进剂的LMOP凝胶及以1%(ω)氮酮和1%(ω)丙二醇为透皮吸收促进剂的LMOP凝胶。采用Franz扩散池,以离体小鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,用高效液相色谱法测定体外接受液中甲氧沙林(8-MOP)的含量,计算其累积透皮释药量(Q),并将数据进行释放动力学模型拟合。结果样品凝胶体外释药符合H iguchi方程,不含透皮吸收促进剂的LMOP凝胶:Q=79.65t1/2 27.99;含透皮吸收促进剂的LMOP凝胶:Q=117.39t1/2 34.37,显示后者的渗透作用更好。结论以1%(ω)氮酮和1%(ω)丙二醇为透皮吸收促进剂的脂质体凝胶的透皮渗透效果更佳。     

大蒜辣素软膏的体外透皮吸收特性研究

目的 研究大蒜辣素软膏在离体大鼠皮肤的吸收特性。方法 通过Franz扩散池,建立离体大鼠完整背部皮肤及去角质层皮肤的透皮模型,采用超高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱串联法(UPLC-MS-MS)测定大蒜辣素软膏透皮吸收液中大蒜辣素的含量,测定大蒜辣素软膏的体外透皮吸收特性,并评价该大蒜辣素累积透过量及渗透速率。结果 大蒜辣素5 h内体外经皮渗透量Q与时间t线性关系较好,均符合Higuchi动力学过程,回归相关系数(r)均达到0.99以上。完整皮肤的透皮速率J为12.306μg·cm^-2·h^-1,去角质层皮肤的J为58.353μg·cm^-2·h^-1,去角质层皮肤的J高于完整皮肤。结论 大蒜辣素软膏有效成分可经皮渗透,主要以原型形式吸收,角质层厚度是影响大蒜辣素软膏透过皮肤的重要因素。     

不同促渗剂对复方蛇床子凝胶的透皮吸收特性的研究

目的考察不同促渗剂对复方蛇床子凝胶的经皮吸收的影响。方法采用改良Franz扩散池,以离体裸鼠皮肤为屏障,用HPLC法测定蛇床子素的累积渗透量、渗透吸收速率、增渗倍数等参数,以考察3%氮酮、3%冰片、3%薄荷油的促渗效果。结果不含促渗剂的复方蛇床子凝胶渗透吸收速率为1.3063（μg/cm2）/h,含3%氮酮、3%冰片和3%薄荷油促渗剂的复方蛇床子凝胶渗透吸收速率分别为2.5669、4.4063、3.4006（μg/cm2）/h,增渗倍数分别为1.97、3.37和2.60。结论中药冰片和薄荷油的促渗效果均优于相同用量的氮酮,为中药复方经皮给药制剂研究提供了参考依据。     

不同促透剂对蛇床子素微乳体外经皮渗透效果的影响

目的:考察不同促透剂对蛇床子素微乳经皮渗透作用的影响。方法:采用Franz扩散池,以离体小鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,生理盐水为接受介质,分别配制含不同促透剂的蛇床子素微乳,用HPLC法测定蛇床子素的经皮渗透量。结果:几种促透剂对蛇床子素微乳透皮速率均有明显促进作用,以0.5%冰片的促透作用最好。结论:0.5%冰片为蛇床子素微乳体外透皮制剂的最佳促透剂。     

不同透皮吸收促进剂对延胡索乙素透皮吸收的影响

【目的】考察不同透皮吸收促进剂对延胡索乙素透皮吸收的影响,为促透剂的选择提供依据。【方法】采用Franz体外释药装置,紫外分光光度法检测接受液中延胡索乙素的浓度,通过计算药物的累积透皮百分率研究延胡索乙素经离体鼠皮的透皮规律。考察了不同种类及浓度促透剂对延胡索乙素体外透皮特性的影响。【结果】延胡索乙素透皮吸收与其浓度有关,促透剂的种类和用量对其皮肤透过量均有影响。250μg/ml浓度的延胡索乙素透皮吸收效果较好,2%冰片的促透作用较其它促透剂作用更强。【结论】选择适当的透皮吸收促进剂可显著提高延胡索乙素的经皮渗透速率,延胡索乙素有望开发成经皮给药制剂。     

β-细辛醚体外皮肤渗透动力学研究

目的　考察β-细辛醚在不同溶剂体系中的体外皮肤渗透情况。方法　采用大鼠离体皮肤作为屏障进行体外透皮试验 ,采用 HPL C法测定在不同冰片、水性氮酮的溶剂中 β-细辛醚的含量 ,计算 2 4 h累积渗透量和稳态渗透速率。结果　 0 .1%冰片对β-细辛醚没有促透皮作用 ;水性氮酮有降低β-细辛醚透皮的作用 ;β-细辛醚在 2 0 %乙醇中 ,2 4 h累积渗透量和稳态渗透速率分别为 (35 2 .6 2 4± 87.0 4 9) μg/ cm2、(18.90 2± 4 .84 0 ) μg/ (cm2· h)。结论　不加促渗剂的β-细辛醚溶剂体系 ,透皮吸收情况最好。     

消炎痛凝胶的体外透皮实验研究

目的:研究消炎痛凝胶的体外透皮方法.方法:采用Franz扩散池,考察不同种类离体皮肤和不同类型接受液的体外透皮实验情况.并采用紫外分光光度法测定消炎痛凝胶的累积透过量和稳态透皮速率.结果:通过薄层色谱法定性分析,消炎痛凝胶透皮实验选用昆明种雄性小鼠皮肤、0.2％十二烷基硫酸钠溶液为接受液的体外透皮效果最佳.最佳实验条件下24小时绿原酸累积透过量28.624 0μg/cm2,稳态透皮速率为1.044 4μg/(cm2·h).结论:该方法准确、稳定,适用于消炎痛凝胶的体外透皮试验研究.     

双氯芬酸钾脂质体制剂的制备及大鼠体外透皮研究

目的　研究双氯芬酸钾 (DP)脂质体制剂的制备及体外的经皮吸收特点。方法　采用改良均质法制备DP钾脂质体制剂 ;采用改良Franz扩散池 ,研究DP脂质体制剂与上市凝胶制剂大鼠皮肤的体外透皮吸收差异。结果　改良均质法制备的DP脂质体 ,平均粒径为 3 45nm ,粒径分布比较均匀 ,包封率为 87 3 %。体外透皮实验中 ,DP脂质体制剂较凝胶制剂的透皮能力高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　脂质体包封的双氯芬酸钾制剂质地均一 ,稳定 ,能有效地渗透过皮肤     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.