跳伞应激对空降兵新兵神经内分泌的影响

近年来神经内分泌研究成为预防医学和军事医学的优先发展领域和研究前沿。其研究对提高空降兵部队的心理健康水平和紧急状态下的应对能力 ,最大限度减低非战斗减员的发生率具有重要意义。国外跳伞人员 (非伞兵 )神经内分泌学研究偏重于与应激有关的下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴系统 (皮质醇、ＡＣＴＨ等 )及内源性阿片肽的研究[1-6] ,对其它系统及神经肽的变化研究甚少。本研究就空降兵新兵群体在跳伞应激状态下精氨酸血管加压素 (ＡＶＰ)、神经肽Ｙ(ＮＰＹ)、降钙素基因相关肽 (ＣＧＲＰ)、神经降压素 (ＮＴ)、血管活性肠肽 (ＶＩＰ)的变化规律…     

第九届全国神经免疫学术会议纪要

第九届全国神经免疫学术会议于2008年10月30日至11月1日在江西省南昌市召开。在短暂的2天半时间里，与会者广泛深入地进行了学术交流，对许多神经免疫热点问题进行了激烈的讨论，会议气氛热烈，充分展示了近年来我国在神经免疫领域所取得的成就，为神经免疫学同道搭建了良好的平台，是一次成功的大会。     

神经降压素及其受体1与乳腺癌

神经降压素是一种分布于脑和胃肠道的多肽,具有广泛的中枢和外周效应。近来研究表明神经降压素及其1型受体的信号与乳腺癌的增殖、抗凋亡、侵袭转移方面具有密切的联系;而神经降压素受体1仅在乳腺癌中表达将为开发神经降压素类似物为基础的新型肿瘤显像剂及靶向治疗药物提供广泛的应用前景,有助于乳腺癌的早期诊断和治疗。     

神经再生素促进神经干细胞的生长和分化

目的:研究神经再生素对体外培养神经干细胞分化的促进作用及对其生长相关蛋白(GAP43)、神经丝蛋白(NF-H)表达的影响.方法:取出生3～5d的新生SD大鼠大脑皮层进行神经干细胞的体外培养、鉴定,神经干细胞与0、 1、 2mg/L的神经再生素(NRF)共培养8d,相差显微镜观察分析,应用Real-time PCR对与不同浓度的NRF(0、 1、 2、 4、 8mg/L)共培养8d的神经干细胞进行GAP43、 NF-H的表达量检测.结果:成功培养出具有多向分化潜能的神经干细胞;神经再生素可明显促进神经干细胞的分化,并能在一定范围内随浓度递增而有效促进GAP43、 NF-H的表达,且最佳作用浓度为4mg/L.结论:神经再生素可以促进神经干细胞的生长和分化.     

神经内分泌系统与免疫系统相互关系的研究进展

本文从神经内分泌系统对免疫调节的机理和免疫系统的效应物质对神经内分泌系统的影响两个方面,回顾了近年来有关神经内分泌与免疫系统相互关系的研究情况,展示了该领域的主要研究成果:1.免疫器官上具有丰富的神经分布,免疫细胞上存在多种神经递质、神经肽和激素受体;2.中枢神经系统通过植物神经和垂体内分泌两条途径与免疫细胞上受体相互作用而实现对免疫功能的调控;3.免疫效应物质可通过多种形式反馈调控神经内分泌功能。     

血管内皮生长因子的神经保护作用

血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growth factor,VEGF)是内皮细胞特异性的生长因子,大多数关于VEGF的研究都是致力于其在血管生长方面的作用,而近年来有大量文献报道VEGF具有神经营养和促神经发生作用,它能够直接作用于神经元细胞和神经胶质细胞甚至是神经干细胞,促进其生长及存活。VEGF的多种功能使其和多种神经退行性疾病相关,如阿茨海默病,肌萎缩侧索硬化症,帕金森病等。导入VEGF基因能够改善肌萎缩侧索硬化症、帕金森病动物模型的病情。     

骨代谢与免疫功能的相互调节

骨骼与免疫系统在细胞起源、空间分布、功能及调控等方面存在许多相似性,尤其是近年来对OPG/RANKL/RANK系统研究的深入,使我们对骨与免疫系统间的相互作用机制有了更进一步的认识,在此基础上,有些学者提出了骨骼免疫学(Osteoimmunology)的概念。骨骼免疫学的概念对于我们了解骨与免疫系统间的相互作用,理解各种自身免疫性疾病的骨损伤机制,并进行针对性地治疗具有重要意义。1骨与免疫系统联系密切 骨与免疫系统的空间分布联系紧密:破骨细胞和巨噬细胞均起源于造血干细胞的单核细胞前体,pax5基因缺失的原     

子宫血管系统调节的研究进展

子宫是孕育生命的场所 ,其血液供应在女性整个生命历程尤其是月经周期以及妊娠过程中起着重要作用 ,并且还与产后出血、子痫等疾病密切相关。所以 ,子宫血管系统调节的研究显得极为重要。一般而言 ,这一调节可从系统的和局部的两个大的方面来考虑。而系统的调节又可分为神经调节和激素调节。神经、激素及局部调节是子宫血管系统调节的主要方面 ,三者相互协同又相互制约。现就有关文献进行综述。1　子宫血管系统的激素调节女性生殖系统在其周期性活动以及妊娠活动中 ,最明显的变化是血中类固醇激素水平。这些激素 ,尤其是雌激素水平与子宫血…     

表达突触素的胃血管球瘤临床病理及免疫标记分析北大核心CSCD

目的 分析表达突触素的胃血管球瘤的临床病理特征及其与胃神经内分泌肿瘤的鉴别.方法 收集温州医科大学附属台州医院病理科2010年1月至2016年6月连续诊断的6例胃血管球瘤,8例其他部位的血管球瘤,7例胃神经内分泌肿瘤,分析其临床病理特征及免疫组织化学标记.结果 胃血管球瘤大多发生在胃窦部的固有肌层,弥漫强表达突触素（5/6）,而在其他部位的血管球瘤无突触素表达.胃神经内分泌肿瘤大多发生在胃底、胃体部的黏膜层和黏膜下层,除弥漫强表达突触素（7/7）外,还高表达嗜铬粒素A（6/7）、CD56（5/7）,不表达平滑肌肌动蛋白（0/7）.结论胃血管球瘤与神经内分泌肿瘤的形态学有些相似性,且均可以强表达突触素,但其好发部位及免疫标记有显著不同可资鉴别.     

胃肠粘膜神经内分泌免疫网络研究进展

近年来随着对神经、内分泌和免疫系统间相互关系的不断研究，神经内分泌免疫学有了长足的进展。本文就近十年来胃肠粘膜神经内分泌免疫网络的组成及一些神经肽和细胞因子在此网络中的调节作用的主要研究结果作一综述，并对未来的研究提出几点想法。     

Functional knockdown of neuropilin-1 in the developing chick nervous system by siRNA hairpins phenocopies genetic ablation in the mouse.

The chick embryo is widely used for the study of vertebrate development, but a general, reliable loss-of-function strategy for the analysis of gene function is currently not available. By using small inhibitory hairpin RNA (siRNA) molecules generated by the mouse U6 promoter, we have applied an RNA interference approach to achieve quantitative knockdown of the neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) receptor in chick embryos. Functional knockdown was evident in the abolition of Sema3A-induced growth cone collapse in Nrp-1-siRNA but not Nrp-2-siRNA-expressing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Two nervous system defects in Nrp-1 mutant mice were phenocopied in embryos treated with Nrp-1 siRNA. First, DRG axons prematurely entered the dorsal horn and projected inappropriately. Second, targeted early migrating neural crest cells destined for the sympathetic chain arrested ectopically within ventral spinal nerve roots. Localized knockdown induced by specific siRNA constructs will allow rapid functional analysis of genes regulating chick neural development whilst circumventing embryonic lethal effects often associated with global gene knockout in the mouse.     

Neuropilin-1 is required for endothelial tip cell guidance in the developing central nervous system.

Recent evidence indicates that sprouting angiogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) is a guided process similar to the guidance of axons and insect tracheal tubes. Specialized tip cells of vessel sprouts navigate in response to local depots or gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) is a transmembrane receptor with a repulsive function in axon guidance. Nrp-1 also binds the VEGF-A splice isoform VEGF165, stimulates angiogenesis, and is necessary for vascular development in the mouse. However, the morphogenetic events controlled by Nrp-1 in angiogenesis have not been defined. Here, we analyzed endothelial tip cell guidance in the CNS of Nrp-1-deficient mice. We focused our attention on the developing hindbrain, which is normally vascularized in a stereotyped manner. Initially, angiogenic sprouts extend along radial glia from the pial surface toward the ventricles, but in the subventricular zone (SVZ), they leave the radial path, turn laterally, and fuse to form a capillary plexus. Radial sprout elongation correlated with tip cell filopodia extensions along nestin-positive radial glial processes, but in the SVZ, the tip cell filopodia also extended perpendicular to the glial tracks and made contact with filopodia of the neighboring sprouts. In Nrp-1-deficient mice, the tip cell filopodia remained associated with the radial glia in the SVZ, which correlated with a failure of sprout turning and elongation across this region. As a result, the sprouts remained blind-ended forming glomeruloid tufts in the SVZ. These observations suggest that Nrp-1 plays an important role in allowing the endothelial tip cell filopodia to switch substrate and protrude in a new direction at a specific location in the developing brain.     

Tumour immunology: false hopes—new horizons?

For the past 100 years, tumour immunology has witnessed peaks and troughs of interest. A recent meeting¹ covered new technologies and recent developments in the field.     

Immunoinformatics: an overview of computational tools and techniques for understanding immune function

In recent years, there has been a rapid expansion in the application of information technology to biological data. Although the use of information science techniques is less common for the discipline of immunology, this field has seen great strides in recent years. This review addresses why in silico modeling is needed in immunology research, highlights some of the major areas of research and suggests what may be important for the future of immunoinformatics.     

基于小鼠肥大细胞瘤P815模型的肿瘤免疫学研究进展

肿瘤动物模型是研究肿瘤免疫学、临床前期评价肿瘤治疗方案有效性和安全性的重要前提.P815肿瘤模型是一种较为成熟的小鼠肿瘤研究模型,因其具有某些独特的优点而被研究者广泛采用.近年来,在已鉴定出P815AB、P815E等肿瘤抗原的基础上,基于该模型的肿瘤疫苗及相关肿瘤免疫学研究都有了相当大的进展.     

Cell-Mediated Immunity in Infertility

ABSTRACT: A role of cell-mediated immunity in immunologic infertility is indicated by a number of animal immunization studies and by reported clinical associations between cellular immune responses and infertility. Furthermore, recent technical advances in the field of cellular immunology have enabled advanced studies on the cellular and soluble mediators of cell-mediated immune responses and their interactions with reproductive processes. In this article we review some of the recent technical and conceptual advances in cellular immunology, the classic literature on cellular immune responses in infertility, and recent evidence that certain products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages significantly affect reproductive functions.     

The iSBTc/SITC primer on tumor immunology and biological therapy of cancer: a summary of the 2010 program

The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, SITC (formerly the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, iSBTc), aims to improve cancer patient outcomes by advancing the science, development and application of biological therapy and immunotherapy. The society and its educational programs have become premier destinations for interaction and innovation in the cancer biologics community. For over a decade, the society has offered the Primer on Tumor Immunology and Biological Therapy of Cancer™ in conjunction with its Annual Scientific Meeting. This report summarizes the 2010 Primer that took place October 1, 2010 in Washington, D.C. as part of the educational offerings associated with the society's 25th anniversary. The target audience was basic and clinical investigators from academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and included clinicians, post-doctoral fellows, students, and allied health professionals. Attendees were provided a review of basic immunology and educated on the current status and most recent advances in tumor immunology and clinical/translational caner immunology. Ten prominent investigators presented on the following topics: innate immunity and inflammation; an overview of adaptive immunity; dendritic cells; tumor microenvironment; regulatory immune cells; immune monitoring; cytokines in cancer immunotherapy; immune modulating antibodies; cancer vaccines; and adoptive T cell therapy. Presentation slides, a Primer webinar and additional program information are available online on the society's website.     

One does not fit all: new adjuvants are needed and vaccine formulation is critical

In recent years, adjuvant research has moved from empirical trial and error to a more rational approach engaging the multidisciplinary fields of immunology, biochemistry, pharmacy and physical chemistry. At the Modern Vaccines/Adjuvants Formulation meeting held in Cannes, France in October 2010, scientists from this broad field met to discuss recent progress in adjuvant research and development. The focus of the meeting was on formulation and as a result clinically and pharmaceutically relevant aspects of how to design and optimize vaccines and adjuvants were also addressed.     

Gold nanoparticles functionalized with therapeutic and targeted peptides for cancer treatment

Functionalization of nanostructures such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different biological molecules has many applications in biomedical imaging, clinical diagnosis and therapy. Researchers mostly employed AuNPs larger than 10 nm for different biological and medicinal applications in previous studies. Herein, we synthesized a novel small (2 nm) AuNPs, which were functionalized with the therapeutic peptide, PMI (p12), and a targeted peptide, CRGDK for selective binding to neuropilin-1(Nrp-1) receptors which overexpressed on the cancer cells and regulated the process of membrane receptor-mediated internalization. It was found that CRGDK peptides increased intracellular uptake of AuNPs compared to other surface conjugations quantified by ICP-MS. Interestingly, CRGDK functionalized AuNPs resulted in maximal binding interaction between the CRGDK peptide and targeted Nrp-1 receptor overexpressed on MDA-MB-321 cell surface, which improved the delivery of therapeutic P12 peptide inside targeted cells. Au@p12 + CRGDK nanoparticles indicated with highly effective cancer treatment by increasing p53 expression upregulated with intracellular enhanced p12 therapeutic peptide. These results have implications to design and functionalize different molecules onto AuNPs surfaces to make hybrid model system for selective target binding as well as therapeutic effects for cancer treatment.     

Molecular factors in human implantation: adhesion molecules, proteases and cytokines

Successful human reproduction remains an enigma, but this is slowly changing in the current era of expanding scientific knowledge. The discovery of various molecular factors such as adhesion molecules, proteases and cytokines have in recent years been at the forefront of medical research. The growing importance of immunology in particular has led to novel new immuno-modulatory therapies and increasing research into this new aspect of reproductive immunology may well prove to be the most important breakthrough in understanding the fundamentals of human reproduction. Implantation represents the first step in the complex interactions and processes involved in foetal-maternal interaction, which continues throughout pregnancy gestation and culminates in the birth of an infant. It is therefore vital that we understand the myriad processes controlling implantation in order to build a firm foundation for exploring reproductive immunology research in the new millennium. This review brings together and presents an overview of the potential roles of currently known molecular factors such as adhesion molecules, proteases, cytokines and its interaction with the maternal immune response, incorporating the findings of previous published research performed by the author on cytokines and reproductive immunology.