弥漫性甲状腺肿大的彩色多普勒超声鉴别

目的评价彩色多普勒超声鉴别诊断弥漫性甲状腺肿大的价值.材料与方法153例弥漫性甲状腺肿大患者,根据临床诊断分为甲状腺机能亢进(甲亢)组,单纯性甲状腺肿大组,甲状腺炎组和正常对照组,以彩色多普勒超声检查观察两侧甲状腺的血流分布情况,测定甲状腺上动脉的内径、收缩期峰值、阻力指数和血流量进行对比分析.结果甲状腺不同病变其血流信号及血流参数各不相同.结论彩色多普勒超声对弥漫性甲状腺肿大具有鉴别诊断价值.     

高频彩色多普勒超声对体表肿块的诊断价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在体表肿块中的诊断价值。方法对67例体表肿块患者的超声表现进行回顾性分析,总结其声像图特征,根据其声像图形态、大小、内部回声、边缘回声、血流特点及是否有完整包膜,观察高频彩色多普勒超声对这些患者体表肿块的定性诊断。结果67例中脂肪瘤20例,胴窝囊肿15例,纤维瘤7例,腱鞘囊肿7例,坐骨结节囊肿6例,血管瘤5例,神经鞘膜瘤3例,皮脂腺囊肿3例,脂肪坏死1例。每种疾病声像图特征各异。结论在常见体表肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断中,高频彩色多普勒超声具有重要的临床应用价值。     

二维及彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺癌诊断中的应用及价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒对甲状腺癌的诊断价值。方法:通过临床病理证实的28例甲状腺癌患者术前彩色多普勒检查结果进行分析。结果:甲状腺癌的彩色多普勒表现为甲状腺低回声包块,边界不清,血流增加,17例患者肿瘤内有微钙化。结论:彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺癌的诊断有很大的应用价值。     

甲状腺结节应用高频超声声像图特点及彩色多普勒血流特征分析

目的探讨甲状腺结节应用高频超声与彩色多普勒超声的声像图特点及血流特征,以便为临床诊治提供依据。方法将我院2014年4月~2017年4月收治的甲状腺结节患者90例作为研究对象,根据良恶性病变分为甲状腺良性结节组、甲状腺恶性结节组,前者50例、后者40例,均接受高频超声与彩色多普勒超声诊断及检查,观察与记录两组患者声像图特点与血流特征及单一诊断与联合诊断符合率,同时进行组间统计学分析。结果甲状腺良性结节组与甲状腺恶性结节组在高频超声声像图特征如周围无回声、内部低回声、边界不整、淋巴结转移、微钙化灶等方面存在明显差异(P0.05);甲状腺良性结节组与甲状腺恶性结节组在血流分布等级、血流参数(PSV、RI)上均有明显差异(P0.05);高频超声诊断符合率为88.89%、彩色多普勒超声诊断符合率为90.00%,比较无差异(P0.05),联合诊断符合率为98.89%,明显高于单一诊断(P0.05)。结论甲状腺结节在良性与恶性上存在不同的高频超声声像图特点及彩色多普勒血流特征,根据各自的特点与特征,能为临床鉴别诊断良性与恶性甲状腺结节提供依据,若能有效结合二者特点进行诊断与评估,可提高诊断符合率,值得重视。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的参考价值

目的分析良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,以提高超声诊断和鉴别诊断良、恶性甲状腺结节的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理明确诊断的157个良、恶性甲状腺结节的彩色多普勒超声表现,良、恶性结节的形态、回声、钙化特点、彩色多普勒血流图血流信号分布等。结果157个甲状腺结节经病理诊断,其中 90个为良性结节,67个为恶性结节;本组病例彩色多普勒超声检查的特异性为92.2%,敏感性为80.6%,诊断符合率为87.2%;彩色多普勒超声图像显示甲状腺良、恶性结节的形态、边界、包膜、回声、血流信号分布、内部钙化情况、血流阻力指数值比较,差异比较均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论彩色多普勒超声可诊断甲状腺病变,依据重要的参考指标,可评价甲状腺结节的良、恶性。     

高频超声显像与彩色多普勒血流显像对甲状腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨高频超声显像和彩色多普勒血流显像对甲状腺癌的诊断价值。方法对118例经手术病理证实为甲状腺癌病人的声像图和彩色多普勒表现进行回顾性分析,并与甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿的超声表现进行对照。结果甲状腺癌多数为单发(72.9%)、实质性(79.7%)、低和中等回声的(86.2%)甲状腺结节;内部回声均匀占25.4%,不均匀占62.9%;边界不规整占88.1%,规整11.9%;少数结节伴有液化、钙化或声晕。结论高频超声显像能早期发现癌性甲状腺结节,使甲状腺癌获得早期诊断;对良性肿瘤的判断,具有一定的临床价值。     

桥本甲状腺炎超声诊断与误诊分析

目的 通过对桥本甲状腺炎的超声二维图象及彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)分析,提高诊断符合率。方法应用二维超声观察甲状腺及病灶的大小,形态,边界,内部回声,CDFI观察腺体内及病灶区的血流分布。结果 超声显示26例桥本甲状腺炎均有甲状腺肿大,回声不均,19例检出有结节,且结节形态不规则,边界不清,无包膜,内部多为均匀低回声,CDFI显示腺内血流无明显改变,结节周边血流低或无。超声诊断符合率为69.2％。结论 利用高频探头和彩色多普勒技术,可提高对桥本甲状腺炎超声诊断的敏感性,减少误诊。     

桥本甲状腺炎超声诊断与误诊分析

目的 通过对桥本甲状腺炎的超声二维图象及彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）分析。提高诊断符合率。方法 应用二维超声观察甲状腺及病灶的大小,形态、边界,内部回声,CDFI观察腺体内及病灶区的血流分布。结果 超声显示26例桥本甲状腺炎均有甲状腺肿大,回声不均,19例检出有结节,且结节形态不规则,边界不清,无包膜,内部多为均匀低回声,CDFI显示腺内血流无明显改变,结节周边血液低或无,超声诊断符合率为69.2%。结论 利用高频探头和彩色多商业区协技术,可提高对桥本甲状腺炎超声诊断的敏感性,减少误诊。     

甲状腺乳头状癌超声显像特征

目的探讨二维和彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺乳头状癌的临床诊断价值。方法对手术病理证实的70例甲状腺乳头状癌的二维及彩色多普勒超声进行回顾性分析。结果甲状腺乳头状癌诊断符合率为86.5%,并存的良性和恶性结节的结节的边界、结节内部回声、纵横比(L/T)、结节内钙化和血流信号的情况相比较,都存在非常显著的差异(P均<0.01)。结论高频声像图中的钙化、纵横比和结节内部低回声是诊断甲状腺乳头状癌的重要指标,彩色多普勒血流信号丰富程度等指标对提高甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断准确性有帮助。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤高频超声特征的对比分析

目的:探讨高频超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的诊断价值。方法:对术前行高频彩色多普勒超声检查、并经手术病理证实的48例乳腺叶状肿瘤和128例纤维腺瘤的超声声像图和临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果:高频超声声像图显示2组在肿瘤形状、内部回声、有无钙化及无回声区、后方回声、血流信号分级方面差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高频超声声像图示肿块呈欠规则或不规则形,内部回声不均匀,见钙化及无回声区,后方回声增强,彩色血流分级呈Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,均视为乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的鉴别要点。     

补体受体1型的结构功能及sCR1基因克隆表达的策略

补体受体1型（Complement receptor type 1,CR1）具有外源性及内源性活性,既可灭活组装于非自身细胞膜上的C3/C5转化酶,也可灭活自身细胞膜上形成的C3/C5转化酶。CR1是唯一既对经典,替代及植物凝集素（MBL）3个补体激活途径的,对C3/C5转化酶拥有衰变加速活性,又有辅助1因子裂解C3b和C4b作用的补体调节蛋白。对补体分子的过度活化具有抑制和调节作用,在防治补体介导的缺血再灌注损伤以及异种器官移植超急性排斥反应等疾病具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述CR1的结构功能及生物学活性,sCR1基因的克隆与表达及在创伤、缺血再灌注损伤中的应用研究现状。     

Possibilities and limitations of radiology--CT and MRT in cases of tumors of the uterus and ovary

The author describes the present possibilities of computed tomography (CT) and of magnetic resonance (MR) tomography. MR is superior to CT in the visualisation of carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium, especially in the initial stages, whereas in the diagnosis of the spread of tumours (especially the advanced ones) CT yields results similar to those of MR. In carcinoma of the ovary, however, MR has so far not proved to be definitely superior to CT despite the multiplanar visualisation possibilities it offers. It is in fact inferior to CT especially in clarifying the extent of extrapelvic spread. In posttherapeutic diagnostics MR explores new avenues in respect of delineation between scar and recurrence, as initial investigations have shown.     

闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊断与治疗

目的 提高对闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊治水平.方法 报告38例闭合性喉气管断裂伤病例的临床资料,其中急性外伤16例,陈旧性外伤22例.对临床易发生的问题进行分析.结果 38例中16例急性喉外伤在24～48小时之间行手术治疗,22例陈旧性喉外伤因其它原因在32～129天后行手术治疗.35例手术成功拔管,3例因喉气管狭窄手术失败不能拔管,均为陈旧期手术患者.结论 对于急性闭合性喉气管断裂伤应根据其病情轻重程度进行早期处理,尽快恢复喉和气管通气功能,预防后遗症及并发症的发生,提高治愈率.     

Science and medicine of canoeing and kayaking

Canoeing and kayaking are upper-body sports that make varying demands on the body, depending on the type of contest and the distance covered. The shorter events (500 m) are primarily anaerobic (2 minutes of exercise), calling for powerful shoulder muscles with a high proportion of fast-twitch fibres. In contrast, 10,000 m events call for aerobic work to be performed by the arms. Such contestants need a high proportion of slow-twitch fibres, and an ability to develop close to 100% of their leg maximum oxygen intake when paddling. In slalom and whitewater contests, the value of physiological testing is somewhat limited, since performance is strongly influenced by experience and the ability to make precisely judged rapid paddling efforts under considerable emotional stress. Paddlers face dangers from their hostile cold water environment; causes of fatalities (drowning, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation and hypothermia) are briefly reviewed. Medical problems include provision of adequate nutrition and a clean water supply, effects of repeated immersion (softening of the skin, blistering, paronychial infections, sinusitis, otitis), varicose veins (secondary to thoracic fixation) and hazards of exposure to fibreglass and polystyrene in the home workshop. Surgical problems include muscle sprains and mechanical injuries (haemotomas, lacerations, contusions, concussion, and fractures).     

Accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for assessment of position and morphology of mandibular third molars and prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies

OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for determining (1) the position and morphology of mandibular third molars before surgical removal and (2) the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-eight third mandibular molars were available for examination. Position and morphology of third molars observed on film radiographs and on digital panoramic images from five systems (DenOptix, DigiDent, Digora, Dimax2 and Orthophos Plus) were recorded by two observers and were compared with surgeons' findings at the time of the operation (gold standard). One observer further recorded the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies on both imaging modalities. RESULTS: Few differences were found between the digital and film-based panoramic systems in the assessment of accuracy of position and morphology of mandibular third molars. The prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies determined with the two modalities was roughly similar. CONCLUSION: The five digital panoramic systems evaluated in this study were equally as useful for third molar treatment planning and diagnosis of dental anomalies and pathologies as conventional film-based panoramic radiographs.     

经尿道前列腺汽化切割术的并发症及其防治

目的：分析经尿道汽化切割术治疗前列腺增生（BPH）的常见并发症：方法：回顾性分析经尿道前列腺电汽化切割术（TUEVAP）治疗的BPH 325例的并发症,探讨其常见病因和发生率。结果：术后电切综合征（TURS）1例（0.3％）,包膜穿孔尿外渗1例（0.3％）,膀胱爆裂1例（0.3％）,急性心肌梗塞1例（0.3％）,急迫性尿失禁4例（1.2％）,深静脉血栓形成1例（0.3％）,迟发性出血6例（1．9％）,尿道狭窄6例（1．9％）,膀胱颈缩窄3例（0.9％）。结论：TUEVAP是治疗BPH（包括高危BPH）安全而有效的外科治疗方法,只要加强围手术期各环节的处理,可降低并发症发生率。