多层螺旋CT对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值

目的：分析胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的CT表现特征，探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值。方法：15例手术切除、免疫组化证实的胃肠道间质瘤，分析术前MSCT平扫和双期增强扫描图像，5例进行了多平面重组（MPR）。结果：15例中，胃间质瘤9例，肠道间质瘤5例，胃及十二指肠同时发病者1例。肿块多呈圆形或椭圆形，腔外生长为主。良性4例，3例直径小于5cm，密度均匀，边界清晰，均匀强化。恶性9例，密度不均，内可见低密度液化坏死区，增强扫描时肿瘤实质部分明显强化，内部坏死囊变区无强化，1例出现肝转移，1例出现脾转移。交界性2例，直径分别为3．6cm和4．3cm。结论：MSCT及其多平面重组技术能够显示病变的特征及其与周围的关系，对GIST的定位、定性及指导治疗有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT诊断恶性胃肠道间质瘤

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）诊断恶性胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）。方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理症实的27例恶性GIST的多层螺旋CT表现。全部病例均作平扫及增强双期扫描,并作多平面重建后处理。结果：肿瘤来源于胃11例,小肠9例,结肠5例,肠系膜2例;肿瘤横径4．2～22cm。边缘清晰12例,边缘不清15例。肿瘤形态多不规则,19例可见分叶。平扫病灶密度不均匀,增强扫描动脉期呈中度至明显强化,静脉期呈持续性强化。病灶内部可见多数大小不等的坏死区,9例呈囊实质性改变。合并肝脏转移4例,肺部转移1例,淋巴转移2例。本组定位准确率为85．2％（23／27）,定性准确率77．8％（21／27）。结论：多层螺旋CT增强双期扫描、轴面结合多平面重建图像对恶性GIST的诊断有重要价值。     

螺旋CT扫描对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值研究

目的：探讨螺旋CT扫描检查对胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的诊断价值。方法：选择我院拟诊的GIST 21例,均在术前行16排螺旋CT扫描,再对术后病理或免疫组化检查证实的病例进行对照分析。结果：肿瘤发生于胃13例,发生于小肠8例（十二指肠3例,空肠4例,回肠1例）;恶变3例。CT平扫显示紧贴腔壁软组织密度肿块;增强动脉期呈不均匀轻度强化,静脉期呈均匀明显强化。肿块最大者位于回肠,范围广泛,累及多段肠壁。2例中央可见囊变坏死区,未见钙化影。术前CT诊断与术后病理或免疫组化检查符合率为85.7%。结论：16排螺旋CT扫描对GIST的定位及定性诊断具有较高价值。     

胃肠道间质瘤的多层螺旋CT评价

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT对胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析13例经手术病理及免疫组化证实的GIST患者的临床资料和多层螺旋CT表现。结果:4例起源于胃,5例起源于小肠,2例起源于直肠,1例起源于小网膜,1例起源于小肠系膜。13例均表现为软组织肿块,直径4～12 cm。11例肿块位于腔外,2例腔内外均有肿块。4例肿块内部密度均匀,9例肿块密度不均匀,增强扫描肿块以环状强化、斑片状不均匀强化为主。2例肿块血供异常丰富,可以见到粗大迂曲的肿瘤血管。肠系膜血管被包埋1例,肠系膜血管受压移位2例,未见血管破坏中断现象。脾脏受侵1例,小网膜囊受侵1例,肝转移1例,网膜转移1例,合并腹水2例。结论:多层螺旋CT对GIST的定位、定性诊断具有重要价值,对指导临床治疗和评价预后很有帮助。     

MSCT双期扫描对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值评价

目的:分析胃肠道间质瘤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象,探讨MSCT的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析25例胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的双期MSCT征象。结果:发生于胃12例,小肠7例,结肠6例。良性9例(胃7例、小肠2例),潜在恶性6例(胃1例、小肠4例,结肠1例),恶性10例(胃4例、小肠1例、结肠5例)。大部分边界清晰、圆形或类圆形,肿块密度均匀或内见小片状低密度灶。动脉期明显强化,静脉期强化无减退,大部分良性病灶强化均匀,恶性病灶密度不均匀、强化不均。本组患者CT定位诊断符合率为88%(22/25)。结论:MSCT双期扫描能够反映肿瘤强化特点,可准确显示GIST的发生部位、大小、形态及其与邻近器官的关系,对鉴别肿瘤良恶性有重要参考价值。     

多排螺旋CT在胃肠道间质瘤诊断中的价值

目的:分析胃肠道间质瘤CT征象,评价CT的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析13例病理证实为胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)患者的CT平扫和双期增强螺旋CT扫描.结果:13例GIST发生在胃10例,十二指肠1例,肠系膜2例;良性2例,潜在恶性3例,恶性8例;多为边界清楚、圆形或类圆形、密度均匀的肿块.良性GIST多强化均匀;恶性者密度不均匀,强化不均匀.结论:CT能准确显示GIST的部位、形态和大小,鉴别肿瘤良恶性,具有重要临床价值.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊断中的价值。方法:14例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者行多层螺旋CT扫描检查,并在工作站行MPR、MIP图像重建,分析肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的MSCT表现,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:14例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤CT平扫肿块均呈等、低、高低混杂密度,11例其中显示有脂肪密度,1例显示高密度出血灶。多期增强扫描皮质期肿块呈均匀或不均匀强化,但低于肾皮髓质强化,脂肪、坏死囊变、出血区无强化,分泌期肿块持续强化。MIP显示肿块内纡曲、增粗的血管。结论:多层螺旋CT能显示肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤肿块内的脂肪成分及血管成分,多期增强扫描能了解肿块的强化方式,对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

肺腺鳞癌的多层螺旋CT表现(附12例分析)

目的:探讨肺腺鳞癌的多层螺旋CT表现特征,以提高其诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的肺腺鳞癌的多层螺旋CT表现。结果:12例肺腺鳞癌中,周围型9例,中央型3例;肿块直径为(3.3±1.2)cm;均匀密度肿块3例(25%),不均匀密度肿块9例(75%),其中有钙化2例;常见CT征象包括分叶征10例(83%),胸膜凹陷征9例(75%),肿块内坏死7例(58%),厚壁空洞2例(17%),毛刺征9例(75%),2例肿块CT增强扫描,强化程度达(23.5±1.2)HU。结论:多层螺旋CT对于肺腺鳞癌具有一定的诊断价值。     

胃肠道间质瘤的MSCT诊断

目的:探讨胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)的MSCT表现特征。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的46例GIST的MSCT资料。结果:46例中,GIST位于食管1例,胃部15例,十二指肠12例,空回肠11例,结肠3例,直肠1例,肠系膜内3例;恶性肿瘤28例,交界性3例,良性15例。46例中35例肿块CT表现为外生性肿块,多较大,其中恶性肿块最大径3.5～30.1cm,最大径<5cm者10例,>6cm者18例;肿物密度不均匀,呈囊实性,实性部分中度强化至明显强化,肿块内伴有溃疡形成4例,最大径>4.5cm。瘤内点状钙化灶4例。结论:GIST的MSCT表现具有一定特点,MSCT检查有助于GIST的定位以及观察肿瘤与周围组织结构的关系情况,对肿瘤诊断及良恶性鉴别有重要价值。     

小胰腺癌的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的探讨小胰腺癌的多层螺旋CT诊断价值。方法回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的小胰腺癌的MSCT征象。结果本组18例小胰腺癌中,肿瘤位于胰头钩突部16例,胰颈部2例;肿瘤4例形态不规则,12例呈圆形或椭圆形;肿瘤最大径为12～30mm不等;CT平扫等密度10例,稍低密度8例;增强扫描16例肿瘤动脉期边缘轻度不均匀强化,呈明显低密度,门脉期及延迟期呈相对低密度;2例肿瘤三期均呈等密度;9例伴有不同程度的肝内外胆管扩张,17例伴胰管扩张。术前MSCT诊断正确16例,漏诊2例,诊断正确率为88．9％。结论多层螺旋CT三期扫描是诊断小胰腺癌有效、准确的检查方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.